Chengyang Kingdom

Chengyang Kingdom (Chinese: 城陽國) was a kingdom of China's Han and Jin dynasties, located in present-day southeastern Shandong.

Chengyang was originally a commandery in the Qi Kingdom of early Han dynasty. The territory was granted to Princess Yuan of Lu as her fief in 193 BC,^[1] but was returned to Qi in 179 BC. In 178 BC, Liu Zhang, a son of King Daohui of Qi, became the first King of Chengyang.^[2] The capital was Ju. Throughout the Western Han dynasty, a total of 53 marquessates was created on the territories of Chengyang and added to the neighboring commanderies.^[3] In late Western Han, the kingdom covered only 4 counties: Ju, Yangdu (陽都), Dong'an (東安) and Lü (虑). The population in 2 AD was 205,784 individuals, or 56,642 households.^[4] Zhang's descendants held the kingdom until Wang Mang's usurpation. After the restoration of Eastern Han, the kingdom was granted to Liu Zhi (劉祉), a relative of the Emperor Guangwu. Zhi died in 35 AD, and Chengyang was converted to a commandery. In 37, the commandery was merged into Langya.^[5]

In 198, Chengyang Commandery was recreated during Cao Cao's rule in 198 AD. After the foundation of Jin dynasty, Chengyang was again converted to a kingdom/principality and was successively granted to Sima Zhao (司馬兆), a brother of Emperor Wu of Jin,^[6] and later Sima Jing (司馬景) and Sima Xian (司馬憲), two sons of Emperor Wu.^[7]

• Liu Zhang (劉章), King Jing (景) of Chengyang, 178–176 BC;
• Liu Xi (劉喜), King Gong (共) of Chengyang, 176–168 BC, 165–143 BC;
• Liu Yan (劉延), King Qing (頃) of Chengyang, 143–117 BC;
• Liu Yi (劉義), King Jing (敬) of Chengyang, 117–108 BC;
• Liu Wu (劉武), King Hui (惠) of Chengyang, 108–97 BC;
• Liu Shun (劉順), King Huang (荒) of Chengyang, 97–51 BC
• Liu Hui (劉恢), King Dai (戴) of Chengyang, 51–43 BC;
• Liu Jing (劉景), King Xiao (孝) of Chengyang, 43–19 BC;
• Liu Yun (劉雲), King Ai (哀) of Chengyang, 19–18 BC;
• Liu Li (劉俚), 16 BC – 9 AD;^[8]
• Liu Zhi (劉祉), 26–35 AD.^[5]