Church of the Holy Spirit, Tallinn

Church of the Holy Spirit, Tallinn
Parish Church of the Holy Spirit, Tallinn
Estonian: Püha Vaimu kirik
Map
59°26′17″N 24°44′45″E / 59.43814°N 24.74575°E / 59.43814; 24.74575
LocationVanalinn, Tallinn, Harju County
AddressPühavaimu 2
Country Estonia
Language(s)Estonian
DenominationLutheran
Previous denominationCatholic
Websitewww.puhavaimu.ee
History
StatusActive
Foundedbefore 1319
DedicationHoly Spirit
Associated peopleBalthasar Russow
Architecture
Functional statusParish Church
Heritage designationKultuurimälestis (no. 1196)
Designated20 September 1995
Architectural typeHall church
StyleGothic
Groundbreakingbefore 1319
Completed1380
Specifications
Number of towers1
Administration
DioceseTallinn
DeaneryTallinn
Clergy
ArchbishopUrmas Viilma
Priest(s)Gustav Peeter Piir
Eha Kraft
Kaido Petermann

The Church of the Holy Ghost or Church of the Holy Spirit (Estonian: Püha Vaimu kirik, German: Heiliggeistkirche [1]) is a medieval Lutheran church in the old town district of Tallinn, Estonia. It is located behind Raekoja plats, and lies opposite the Great Guild and Maiasmokk, Tallinn's oldest café.

History

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Building of the church probably started sometime during the first half of the 13th century, and the church is mentioned in written sources for the first time in 1319.[2] The fact that the church does not face due east may suggest that it was erected in an already built-up area and had to adapt to the street layout.[3] Originally the church was part of a greater almshouse complex, and dedicated to the Holy Ghost, and apart from the main entrance on the north side of the church, there was also an entrance from the almshouse yard, on the south side of the church.

Interior of the church

The oldest part of the church is the choir, to which the aisle was added sometime in the late 13th century or early 14th century. The original wooden ceiling was replaced in 1360, when the present vaulting, tower and large gothic windows were added. In 1630, the tower received its current appearance, which however is a reconstruction as the tower was ravaged by fire in both 1684 and 2002.[2] The church was the first church in Estonia to hold services in Estonian, and the first extracts of the catechism to be published in Estonian were printed here in 1535.[3]

Chronicler Balthasar Russow (1536-1600) was a pastor of the church.[4]

Architecture

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The church has a plain, white-washed exterior with crow-stepped gables, an octagonal tower with the above-mentioned reconstructed renaissance spire and few but rather large Gothic windows with fine stone dressing. The stained glass windows are late 20th century. Most noteworthy in the exterior is the finely carved clock, a work by Christian Ackermann (late 17th century).[3]

The layout of the interior is somewhat unusual, with the choir located asymmetrically to the north and a two-aisled nave. Of the interior decoration, especially the remarkable main altar, a work by Bernt Notke, is noteworthy. It dates from 1483 and depicts, on the central panel, the descent of the Holy Ghost on the twelve apostles at Pentecost. The galleries in the church are richly decorated with scenes from the Bible, painted in the mid-17th century and probably by different artists. Of more recent origin is the organ, dating from 1929, and a commemorative plaque next to the altar, put up in memory of British sailors who lost their lives during the British campaign in the Baltic (1918–1919).[2][3]

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  • The tower of the church at night.
    The tower of the church at night.
  • Clock of the Church of the Holy Ghost in Tallinn, made by Christian Ackermann
    Clock of the Church of the Holy Ghost in Tallinn, made by Christian Ackermann
  • The main altar, by Bernt Notke (1483)
    The main altar, by Bernt Notke (1483)
  • Stained glass window
    Stained glass window

References

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  1. ^ Kadri-Rutt Hahn (2015). Revaler Testamente im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert (in German). LIT Verlag Munster.
  2. ^ a b c Viirand, Tiiu (2004). Estonia. Cultural Tourism. Kunst Publishers. pp. 28–29. ISBN 9949407184.
  3. ^ a b c d Taylor, Neil (2010). Estonia (6 ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. p. 105. ISBN 9781841623207.
  4. ^ Kasekamp, Andres (1990). "Characteristics of warfare in the times of Henry of Livonia and Balthasar Russow". Lituanus: The Lithuanian Quarterly: Journal of Arts and Sciences. Lituanus. ISSN 0024-5089. Archived from the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2013-02-13.

Further reading

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  • Miljan, Toivo (2004). Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Scarecrow Press. p. 426. ISBN 9780810865716.
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