Clostridium ljungdahlii

Clostridium ljungdahlii
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Bacillota
Class:	Clostridia
Order:	Eubacteriales
Family:	Clostridiaceae
Genus:	Clostridium
Species:	C. ljungdahlii
Binomial name
	Clostridium ljungdahlii; Tanner et al. 1993

Clostridium ljungdahlii is an anaerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming, gram-positive bacterium.^[1] It is named after the Swedish biochemist Lars G. Ljungdahl.^[2] When originally harvested from the waste matter of animals, it tended to produce acetate with respect to ethanol, but a major undertaking to increase the ethanol-to-acetate ratio was initiated. A 1993 publication by researchers from the University of Arkansas, in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Laboratories, showed results from a series of continuous reactor studies caused a major change in the bacterium's preference for ethanol production, which increased from <0.1 g/L to 1.8 g/L in a continuous stirred tank reactor.^[3]

This species can ferment certain components of syngas into ethanol.^[4] It also possesses properties of electrosynthesis, producing acetate on cathodes.^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ Tanner, R.S., L.M. Miller, and D. Yang (1993) Clostridium ljungdahlii sp. nov., an acetogenic species in clostridial rRNA homology group I. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:232-6.
^ lpsn.dsmz.de, list of prokaryotic names with standing nomenclature.
^ Phillips, J. R.; Klasson, K. T.; Clausen, E. C.; Gaddy, J. L. (1993-09-01). "Biological production of ethanol from coal synthesis gas". Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 39 (1): 559–571. doi:10.1007/BF02919018. ISSN 1559-0291.
^ Younesi, H., G. Najafpour, and A.R. Mohamed (2005) Ethanol and acetate production from synthesis gas via fermentation processes using anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium ljungdahlii. Biochem. Eng. J. 27:110-119

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