Cresyl violet

Cresyl violet
Names
	IUPAC name (9-dimethylamino-10-methyl-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-ylidene)ammonium chloride
	Other names 9-(Dimethylamino)-5-imino-10-methyl-5H-benzo[a]phenoxazine hydrochloride; Cresole violet
Identifiers
CAS Number	18472-89-4;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	3910949
ChEBI	CHEBI:52815;
ChemSpider	27064 ;
EC Number	242-356-1;
PubChem CID	29092;
UNII	2AB49C465R;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10939892 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H17N3O.ClH/c1-11-8-15-17(10-16(11)22(2)3)23-18-9-14(20)12-6-4-5-7-13(12)19(18)21-15;/h4-10,20H,1-3H3;1H Key: ZHAFUINZIZIXFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C19H17N3O.ClH/c1-11-8-15-17(10-16(11)22(2)3)23-18-9-14(20)12-6-4-5-7-13(12)19(18)21-15;/h4-10,20H,1-3H3;1H Key: ZHAFUINZIZIXFC-UHFFFAOYAN;
	SMILES [Cl-].N=1c4c(OC=3C=1c2ccccc2\C(=[NH2+])\C=3)cc(c(c4)C)N(C)C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C19H18ClN3O
Molar mass	339.8187
Hazards
Flash point	245.5 °C (473.9 °F; 518.6 K)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Cresyl violet is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₁₉H₁₈ClN₃O. It is a basic dye and is used as a common stain in histology.

Cresyl violet stain

It is used in biology and medicine as a histological stain. Cresyl violet is an effective and reliable stain used for light microscopy sections. Initially, tissue sections are "defatted" by passing through graded dilutions of ethanol. Then, rehydrated by passing back through decreasing concentrations of ethanol. Lastly, back into water. The ethanol solutions act to differentiate the stain, causing myelin and other components to lose color whereas perikarya retain the color. It is also used to find Helicobacter pylori.^[1]

Intestinal mucins also take up the stain although not as strongly as Campylobacter-like organisms.^[2]

Cresyl violet is used to stain Heinz bodies in red blood corpuscles or for staining of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It is used to demonstrate the Nissl substance in the neurons and cell nuclei. In this role it is also often used as a counterstain to Luxol fast blue, which stains the myelin.

References

^ Goggin N, Rowland M, Imrie C, Walsh D, Clyne M, Drumm B (1998). "Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the natural history of duodenal ulcer disease". Arch. Dis. Child. 79 (6): 502–5. doi:10.1136/adc.79.6.502. PMC 1717771. PMID 10210995.
^ Burnett RA, Brown IL, Findlay J (1987). "Cresyl fast violet staining method for Campylobacter like organisms". J. Clin. Pathol. 40 (3): 353. doi:10.1136/jcp.40.3.353-b. PMC 1140916. PMID 2435763. Free Full Text.

External links

About stains - University of Western Australia.

[1] Goggin N, Rowland M, Imrie C, Walsh D, Clyne M, Drumm B (1998). "Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the natural history of duodenal ulcer disease". Arch. Dis. Child. 79 (6): 502–5. doi:10.1136/adc.79.6.502. PMC 1717771. PMID 10210995.

[2] Burnett RA, Brown IL, Findlay J (1987). "Cresyl fast violet staining method for Campylobacter like organisms". J. Clin. Pathol. 40 (3): 353. doi:10.1136/jcp.40.3.353-b. PMC 1140916. PMID 2435763. Free Full Text.

[1]

[2]

v t e Microbial and histological stains
Iron/hemosiderin	Perls Prussian blue
Lipids	Sudan stain Sudan II Sudan III Sudan IV Oil Red O Sudan Black B
Carbohydrates	Alcian blue Mucicarmine Periodic acid–Schiff stain
Amyloid	Congo red Thioflavin
Bacteria	Gram stain Methyl violet/Gentian violet Safranin Acid-fast Ziehl–Neelsen stain/Kinyoun stain Carbol fuchsin/Fuchsine Methylene blue Auramine–rhodamine stain Auramine O Rhodamine B Auramine phenol stain
Connective tissue	trichrome stain: Masson's trichrome stain/Lillie's trichrome Light Green SF yellowish Biebrich scarlet Phosphomolybdic acid Fast Green FCF Sirius Red Van Gieson's stain
Other	Cresyl violet Cyanine Jaswant Singh–Bhattacharji (JSB) stain H&E stain Haematoxylin Eosin Y Janus Green B Giemsa stain Gömöri trichrome stain Luxol fast blue stain Methyl blue Moeller stain Movat's stain Neutral red Schaeffer–Fulton stain Silver stain Bielschowsky stain Grocott's methenamine silver stain Warthin–Starry stain Wright's stain
Tissue stainability	Acidophilic Basophilic Chromophobic

Names


IUPAC name (9-dimethylamino-10-methyl-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-ylidene)ammonium chloride
Other names 9-(Dimethylamino)-5-imino-10-methyl-5H-benzo[a]phenoxazine hydrochloride Cresole violet
Identifiers
CAS Number	18472-89-4
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	3910949
ChEBI	CHEBI:52815
ChemSpider	27064^Y
EC Number	242-356-1
PubChem CID	29092
UNII	2AB49C465R
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10939892
InChI InChI=1S/C19H17N3O.ClH/c1-11-8-15-17(10-16(11)22(2)3)23-18-9-14(20)12-6-4-5-7-13(12)19(18)21-15;/h4-10,20H,1-3H3;1H^Y Key: ZHAFUINZIZIXFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y InChI=1/C19H17N3O.ClH/c1-11-8-15-17(10-16(11)22(2)3)23-18-9-14(20)12-6-4-5-7-13(12)19(18)21-15;/h4-10,20H,1-3H3;1H Key: ZHAFUINZIZIXFC-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES [Cl-].N=1c4c(OC=3C=1c2ccccc2\C(=[NH2+])\C=3)cc(c(c4)C)N(C)C
Properties
Chemical formula	C₁₉H₁₈ClN₃O
Molar mass	339.8187
Hazards
Flash point	245.5 °C (473.9 °F; 518.6 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references