Diminazene

Diminazene
Ball-and-stick model of diminazen
Clinical data
Trade namesAzidin, Berenil, Ganasag, Pirocide
Other names4,4'-(1-Triazene-1,3-diyl)bis(benzenecarboximidamide)
Routes of
administration
IM, SC
ATCvet code
Legal status
Legal status
  • Veterinary use only
Identifiers
  • 4-[2-(4-Carbamimidoylphenyl)iminohydrazinyl]benzenecarboximidamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.007.860 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC14H15N7
Molar mass281.323 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=N)N)N/N=N/C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=N)N
  • InChI=1S/C14H15N7/c15-13(16)9-1-5-11(6-2-9)19-21-20-12-7-3-10(4-8-12)14(17)18/h1-8H,(H3,15,16)(H3,17,18)(H,19,20)
  • Key:XNYZHCFCZNMTFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Diminazene (INN; also known as diminazen) is an anti-infective medication for animals that is sold under a variety of brand names. It is effective against certain protozoa such as Babesia, Trypanosoma, and Cytauxzoon. The drug may also be effective against certain bacteria including Brucella and Streptococcus.[1][2]

Chemically it is a di-amidine and it is formulated as its aceturate salt, diminazene aceturate.

The mechanism is not well understood; it probably inhibits DNA replication,[1] but also has affinity to RNA.

Side effects

[edit]

Acute side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, and hypotension (low blood pressure). Diminazen can harm the liver, kidneys and brain, which is potentially life-threatening; camels are especially susceptible to these effects.[1]

Resistance

[edit]

The Gibe River Valley in southwest Ethiopia showed universal resistance between July 1989 and February 1993.[3] This likely indicates a permanent loss of function in this area against the tested target, T. congolense isolated from Boran cattle.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Peregrine AS, Mamman M (September 1993). "Pharmacology of diminazene: a review". Acta Tropica. 54 (3–4): 185–203. doi:10.1016/0001-706X(93)90092-P. PMID 7902657.
  2. ^ Mungube EO, Vitouley HS, Allegye-Cudjoe E, Diall O, Boucoum Z, Diarra B, et al. (August 2012). "Detection of multiple drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense populations in village cattle of south-east Mali". Parasites & Vectors. 5: 155. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-155. PMC 3432589. PMID 22852796.
  3. ^ a b Mulugeta W, Wilkes J, Mulatu W, Majiwa PA, Masake R, Peregrine AS (April 1997). "Long-term occurrence of Trypanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium in cattle at Ghibe, Ethiopia". Acta Tropica. 64 (3–4). Elsevier BV: 205–217. doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(96)00645-6. PMID 9107367. S2CID 23878484.