Dingwu (era)
Dingwu | |||||||
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Chinese | 定武 | ||||||
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Dingwu (1646–1664) was the era name of the Dingwu Emperor of the Southern Ming. It was used for a total of 18 years.[1]
This era name comes from Han zhu ji (韓主紀) in the Zui wei lu (罪惟錄) of Cha Jizuo (查繼佐),[2] and the beginning and ending years of Meng Sen's (孟森) research are from 1646 to 1663.[3] It was generally considered unreliable.[4][5][6][7]
Change of era
[edit]- 1646 (Longwu 2): The Prince of Han changed the era to Dingwu 1 (定武元年, "the first year of Dingwu").[2]
Comparison table
[edit]Dingwu | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AD | 1646 | 1647 | 1648 | 1649 | 1650 | 1651 | 1652 | 1653 | 1654 | 1655 |
Gānzhī 干支 | Bǐngxū 丙戌 | Dīnghài 丁亥 | Wùzǐ 戊子 | Jǐchǒu 己丑 | Gēngyín 庚寅 | Xīnmǎo 辛卯 | Rénchén 壬辰 | Guǐsì 癸巳 | Jiǎwǔ 甲午 | Yǐwèi 乙未 |
Dingwu | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | ||
AD | 1656 | 1657 | 1658 | 1659 | 1660 | 1661 | 1662 | 1663 | ||
Gānzhī 干支 | Bǐngshēn 丙申 | Dīngyǒu 丁酉 | Wùxū 戊戌 | Jǐhài 己亥 | Gēngzǐ 庚子 | Xīnchǒu 辛丑 | Rényín 壬寅 | Guǐmǎo 癸卯 |
Other regime eras that existed during the same period
[edit]- China
- Shunzhi (順治, 1644–1661): Qing dynasty — era name of the Shunzhi Emperor
- Kangxi (康熙, 1662–1722): Qing dynasty — era name of the Kangxi Emperor
- Dashun (大順, 1644–1646): Xi dynasty — era name of Zhang Xianzhong
- Longwu (隆武, 1645–1646): Southern Ming — era name of the Longwu Emperor
- Shaowu (紹武; Did not inaugurate): Southern Ming — era name of the Shaowu Emperor
- Yongli (永曆, 1647–1683): Southern Ming — era name of the Yongli Emperor
- Dongwu (東武, 1648): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Changqing, Prince of Huai
- Jianguo Lu (監國魯, 1646–1653): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Yihai, Prince of Lu
- Zhongxing (中興, 1647): Qing period — era name of the Jiang Erxun (蔣爾恂)
- Tianzheng (天正, 1648): Qing period — era name of Zhang Jintang (張近堂) in Dongming
- Tianshun (天順, 1661): Qing period — era name of Xiao Weitang (蕭惟堂)
- Vietnam
- Phúc Thái (福泰, 1643–1649): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Chân Tông
- Khánh Đức (慶德, 1649–1653): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Thịnh Đức (盛德, 1653–1658): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Vĩnh Thọ (永壽, 1658–1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Vạn Khánh (萬慶, 1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Cảnh Trị (景治, 1663–1671): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Huyền Tông
- Thuận Đức (順德, 1638–1677): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Kính Vũ
- Japan
- Shōhō (正保, 1644–1648): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
- Keian (慶安, 1648–1652): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
- Jōō (承応, 1652–1655): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō and Emperor Go-Sai
- Meireki (明暦, 1655–1658): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
- Manji (万治, 1658–1661): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
- Kanbun (寛文, 1661–1673): era name of Emperor Go-Sai and Emperor Reigen
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Li Chongzhi (李崇智). Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考), p. 210
- ^ a b Cha Jizuo (查繼佐). Wikisource. 韓王本鉝,係太祖第十九子憲王松之後,世封平涼。崇禎十六年,李賊自成陷陝,王被執,間脫。適獻賊陷楚,其部將郝永忠者,梟悍,軍中望永忠搖旗,輒奮,遂以郝搖旗著名,敵遇之震。及獻賊死,搖旗內款,獨奉韓王為主。自閩事壞,韓便稱尊,改元定武,嘗移書桂主,敘長幼不稱臣。北抗,保鄖西亂山之中,駐房山,自為號令。時來亨駐興山、歸州等處,劉二虎據巫山等處,王壹與其弟行二者據施州衛,聲勢遙相倚。及孫可望歸款安龍,馳秦王令旨,招永忠。永忠答柬,稱侍生某,有曰:「老侄年來舉動,何以至是?」以其傲,多不恭于桂,𬨨為鳴鼓之詞也。可望不敢還讓。初,李闖下一隻虎李過及闖戚高必正等舉眾南逸,先款韓王,王不能有,乃就桂林兵部尚書堵胤錫稽首受命。壬寅,定武十六年,北師總督李國英以關中勁旅當房山,而鼓其全力困來亨,房山得完。癸卯,定武十七年,來亨被圍,棄七連,保譚家寨。永忠與二虎合力,從來亨北禦,大戰四晝夜,北恊湖廣之師大挫。已而巫山不能守,先敗。房山旋敗,韓主不終。 – via
- ^ Meng Sen (孟森), Hou Ming Han zhu (後明韓主), Ming Qing shi lun zhu ji kan (明清史論著集刊), Zhonghua Book Company (中華書局), 1959
- ^ Gu Cheng (顧誠). History of Southern Ming (南明史)
- ^ 秦暉,《「後明韓主」烏有說》,《陝西師大學報(哲學社會科學版)》,1992年第1期。
- ^ 姚定九,《關於孟森「後明韓主」一文的商榷》,《首都師範大學學報(社會科學版)》,1980年第1期。
- ^ 方福仁,《後明韓主事質疑》,《江漢論壇)》,1980年第4期。
External links
[edit]- 《后明韩主续考》Archived 2010-07-07 at the Wayback Machine