Douro-class destroyer

Lima
Class overview
Name	Douro-class destroyer
Builders	Yarrow Shipbuilders Lisbon Naval Arsenal
Operators	Portuguese Navy  Colombian National Navy
Preceded by	Guadiana class
Subclasses	Antioquia class
In commission	1933–1967
Completed	5
Retired	5
General characteristics (as built)
Type	Destroyer
Displacement	1,219 long tons (1,239 t) (standard) 1,563 long tons (1,588 t) (full load)
Length	323 ft (98.5 m)
Beam	31 ft (9.4 m)
Draught	11 ft (3.4 m)
Installed power	3 × Yarrow boilers 33,000 shp (25,000 kW)
Propulsion	2 shafts; 2 × geared steam turbines
Speed	36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph)
Range	5,400 nmi (10,000 km; 6,200 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement	147
Armament	4 × single 4.7 in (120 mm) guns 3 × single 2 pdr (40 mm (1.6 in)) AA guns 2 × quadruple 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes 2 × depth charge throwers; 12 depth charges 20 × mines

The Douro class destroyers consisted of five ships used by the Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa) and two used by the Colombian Navy (Armada de la República de Colombia), all built during the 1930s. Note that in Portugal, this class of destroyers is usually referred to as the Vouga class, with the term Douro class being usually employed to designate the previous class of Portuguese destroyers also known as Guadiana class.

In 1930, the Portuguese navy drew up a 10 year shipbuilding programme to replace its aging fleet, with planned purchases including two cruisers, twelve destroyers and a number of submarines and sloops.^[1][2] The competition for the design for destroyers was won by Yarrow Shipbuilders beating bids from Thornycroft and Italian shipyards.^[3] An order was placed for four ships on 12 June 1931, with two ships, Vouga and Lima to be built by Yarrows in the UK and the remaining ships, Tejo and Douro to be built at Lisbon with machinery to be supplied by Yarrow. A fifth ship, Dão, again to be built in Lisbon using Yarrow-supplied machinery, was ordered on 18 January 1933.^[4]

Yarrow's design was based on Ambuscade, a prototype destroyer built for the Royal Navy in 1926.^[5] The ships were 323 feet (98.45 m) long overall, with a beam of 31 feet (9.45 m) and a draught of 11 feet (3.35 m). The ship displaced 1,219 long tons (1,239 t) at standard load and 1,563 long tons (1,588 t) at full load.^[6]

They were powered by two Parsons-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by three Yarrow boilers that operated at a pressure of 400 psi (2,758 kPa; 28 kgf/cm²). The turbines, rated at 33,000 shaft horsepower (25,000 kW), were intended to give a maximum speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). The destroyers carried a maximum of 345 long tons (351 t) of fuel oil that gave them a range of 5,400 nautical miles (10,000 km; 6,200 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).^[6][7][a]

Armament was similar to contemporary Royal Navy destroyers, with a gun armament of four 4.7 in (120 mm) Vickers-Armstrong Mk G guns, and three 2-pounder (40 mm (1.6 in)) Mk VIII "pom-pom" anti-aircraft guns. Two quadruple banks of 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes were carried, while two depth charge throwers and 12 depth charges constituted the ships' anti-submarine armament. Up to 20 mines could be carried. The ships complement was 147 officers and men.^[6]

The two Yarrow-built ships were laid down in October 1931,^[7] and commissioned in 1933,^[1] while the first two Lisbon-built ships, Tejo and Douro, laid down in 1932,^[7] were sold to the Colombian Navy before completion in response to the Leticia Incident between Columbia and Peru, and Peru's purchasing of two ex-Russian destroyers (Almirante Guise and Villar) from Estonia. Renamed Antioquia and Caldas, respectively, they served the Colombians as the Antioquia class.^[4][8] Two further ships were ordered by the Portuguese Navy to replace them.^[4]

The five destroyers carried out patrols to defend Portugal's neutrality during the Second World War. Their anti-aircraft armament was revised during 1942–43, with the three pom-poms and one of the banks of torpedo tubes replaced by six 20 mm cannon.^[4][5] They were refitted by Yarrow from 1946–49, with the machinery refurbished, anti-aircraft armament again revised to three Bofors 40 mm gun in powered mounts and three 20 mm cannon, and sonar and radar (British Type 285 and Type 291) fitted. Douro reached a speed of 34.05 knots (63.06 km/h; 39.18 mph) at 28,085 shaft horsepower (20,943 kW) during post-refit trials.^[9][10]

Four of the five destroyers were refitted and modernised again in 1957, (Douro was not refitted, and was disposed of in 1959^[11]) with two 4.7 inch guns removed, allowing a Squid anti-submarine mortar to be fitted and the anti-aircraft armament to be increased to five 40 mm Bofors guns and three 20 mm cannon.^[9] The last of the class, Vouga, was discarded in 1967.^[9]

• Blackman, Raymond V. B., ed. (1960). Jane's Fighting Ships 1960–61. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co.
• Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
• Griffith, Frank G. (1988). "Cover Photo and Miscellaneous comments". Warship International. XXV (2): 116. ISSN 0043-0374.
• Lyon, Hugh & Chumbley, Stephen (1995). "Portugal". In Chumbley, Stephen (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 317–322. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
• Roberts, John (1980). "Portugal". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. New York: Mayflower Books. pp. 396–398. ISBN 0-8317-0303-2.
• Whitley, M. J. (1988). Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-326-1.