Duluth Depot

St. Louis County Depot

The Depot viewed from the north
Established	1973
Location	506 W. Michigan Street, Duluth, Minnesota, United States
Coordinates	46°46′53″N 92°6′14″W / 46.78139°N 92.10389°W / 46.78139; -92.10389
Type	Arts and Culture Center
Architect	Peabody and Stearns
Public transit access	DTA
Website	experiencethedepot.org

Duluth, MN
Former Amtrak inter-city rail station
The North Star at the Duluth Depot, September 1981
General information
Line(s)	North Star
Platforms	3 island platform 1 side platform[1]
Tracks	7[1]
History
Opened	1892
Closed	1985
Proposed services
Preceding station Amtrak Following station Terminus Northern Lights Express Superior toward Minneapolis Target Field
Former services
Preceding station Amtrak Following station Terminus Arrowhead Superior toward Minneapolis North Star Superior toward Chicago or Saint Paul–Midway Preceding station Great Northern Railway Following station Superior toward St. Paul St. Paul – Duluth Terminus Superior toward Grand Forks Grand Forks – Duluth Preceding station Northern Pacific Railway Following station Superior toward Minneapolis Minneapolis – Duluth Terminus West Duluth toward Minneapolis Minneapolis – Duluth Via West Duluth Superior toward Staples Staples – Duluth Terminus Duluth – Ashland Superior toward Ashland
St. Louis County Depot
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Architectural style	Châteauesque
NRHP reference No.	71001028[2]
Added to NRHP	December 9, 1971
Location Duluth, MN Location in Minnesota Show map of Minnesota Duluth, MN Location in United States Show map of the United States

The St. Louis County Depot is a historic railroad station in Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It was built as a union station in 1892, serving seven railroads at its peak. Rail service ceased in 1969 and the building was threatened with demolition until it reopened in 1973 as St. Louis County Heritage & Arts Center (The Depot).^[3] Train service also resumed from 1974 to 1985, by Amtrak.^[3]

Owned today by St. Louis County, the building houses three museums (the Duluth Art Institute, Lake Superior Railroad Museum, and St. Louis County Historical Society Museum), two performing arts organizations (Duluth Playhouse and Minnesota Ballet), and serves as the departure point for the North Shore Scenic Railroad.^[4]

The Depot is located at 506 West Michigan Avenue right off of I-35, which runs immediately southeast of the Depot. The historic building houses several contemporary and historic artworks and artifacts, as well as an experimental theater, and also hosts public events in its Great Hall. The 1977 addition, houses a large theater and a ballet studio. The lower station has one side platform and three island platforms that provide access to its seven tracks. The outer southeast active track is used by a scenic railroad, with the remainder being used to display various trains and train cars.^[1]

The current building is the second depot built on this site. The first, a small wooden building, was built in 1869. That same year a large group of Swedish immigrants arrived in Duluth, seeking work on the first railroad line to serve the city, the Lake Superior and Mississippi.

The Depot was designed by architectural firm Peabody and Stearns. Many local materials were used in the French Norman-style building, including granite, sandstone, and yellow brick. After two years of construction, the Depot was completed in 1892 at a cost of $615,000, at which point the earlier depot was demolished.

Over the decades, it served seven railroads: Duluth & Iron Range, Duluth, Missabe, & Iron Range, Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic, Duluth Missabe & Northern, Great Northern Railway, Northern Pacific, and the Saint Paul & Duluth.

The main entrance to the building on Michigan Street opened into a "general waiting room" (today known as the Great Hall) which featured a newsstand and a lunch counter. In addition the main floor also boasted a barber shop, a Western Union telegraph office, a smoking room, a ladies' waiting room, and a men's toilet. ^[5]

A large train shed originally covered the building's platforms, but it was removed in 1924 and replaced by the canopies that remain.

Its last trains in the late 1960s were the Great Northern Railway's Badger and Gopher, both to Minneapolis and St. Paul (later absorbed into the Burlington Northern Railroad)^[6] and the Northern Pacific Railway ran local unnamed service to St. Paul and Minneapolis^[7] and service to Staples, Minnesota.^[8]

The station closed in 1969.^[3] It was scheduled for demolition but was purchased from the railroad for the bargain price of $250,000. The edifice was in excellent condition, but renovations still cost $4.7 million.^[3]

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Duluth Union Depot in 1971 for its state-level significance in the themes of architecture and transportation.^[9] It was nominated as a unique example of the era's large railroad terminals and the connection they provided to the rest of the nation.^[10]

While The Depot continued to house its other tenants, Amtrak provided rail service to the station for nearly a decade (1977–1985). In 1975, Amtrak launched the Arrowhead to run from the Great Northern Depot in Minneapolis to Superior, Wisconsin^[11] (south of Duluth, just across the Saint Louis Bay of Lake Superior).

Amtrak Thruway service connected Duluth to Superior until 1977, when Arrowhead was extended the 4 miles (6 km) north to the Depot.^[12] In 1978, the North Star replaced the Arrowhead and extended the rail service south from Minneapolis–Saint Paul to Chicago, Illinois.^[13] The next stop for both Amtrak trains was in Superior. In 1981, service by the North Star was truncated to the Midway Station in Saint Paul.^[14] In 1985, Amtrak discontinued the North Star and all passenger rail service to Duluth.

Scenic train rides from the station are provided by the North Shore Scenic Railroad, a heritage railroad operated by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum. Excursions of one to six hours' duration run northeast along Lake Superior's northern shore to destinations that include the Lester River, the area of Palmers, and the city of Two Harbors. The railroad runs other special excursions throughout the year, and may be chartered as well.^[15]

SLCHS exhibits housed in The Depot include Veterans Memorial Hall.

The Duluth Art Institute exhibits work in its George Morrison Gallery, John Steffl Gallery, and Corridor Gallery and in the Depot's Great Hall & Performing Arts Wing.

The ballet has three rehearsal spaces in The Depot; it mounts occasional events and performances in the building.

In 2011, renovations to the depot were planned to serve the Northern Lights Express Higher-speed rail service from Minneapolis to Duluth. This 155-mile (249 km) project is proposed to roughly follow the route of Amtrak's former North Star and is expected to include stops in Coon Rapids, Isanti, Cambridge, and Hinckley in Minnesota and in Superior.^[16]

• National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Louis County, Minnesota

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Duluth Depot.

• Official website