2014 Egyptian presidential election

2014 Egyptian presidential election

← 2012 26–28 May 2014 2018 →
Registered53,848,890
Turnout47.50%
 
Candidate Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Hamdeen Sabahi
Party Independent Popular Current
Popular vote 23,780,104 757,511
Percentage 96.91% 3.09%

Results by governorate
El-Sisi:      90–94%      95–97%      >98%

President before election

Adly Mansour (acting)
Independent

Elected President

Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Independent

Presidential elections were held in Egypt between 26 and 28 May 2014. There were only two candidates, former Egyptian defence minister Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and Egyptian Popular Current candidate Hamdeen Sabahi.[1] El-Sisi won the election in a landslide victory, having received 97% of votes.

Before announcing his candidacy in the election, el-Sisi, who as Defence Minister also served as Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Armed Forces, was responsible for officially announcing the removal of president Mohamed Morsi from office in the aftermath of the June 2013 Egyptian protests.[2] After Morsi's removal, Sisi installed a temporary interim government, but remained Egypt's Minister of Defence and assumed the role of the country's First Deputy Prime Minister. On 26 March 2014, he officially retired from the military, and announced that he would run as a candidate in the 2014 presidential election.[3] The election, held between 26 and 28 May and which included only one opponent, was boycotted by some political parties, as well as many Islamists, including the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom & Justice Party,[4] the Brotherhood itself having been previously declared a terrorist organization in December 2013.[4][5]

The elections, which were planned to take place for two days, were extended to a third day.[6] Official figures showed that 25,578,233 people voted in the elections, and the election had a turnout of 47.5% (lower than the 2012 election's 52%), with el-Sisi winning with 23.78 million votes, 96.91%,[7] ten million more votes than former president Mohamed Morsi (who garnered 13 million votes against his opponent in the close runoff of the 2012 election).[8][9]

Background

[edit]

After the fall of longtime leader Hosni Mubarak, the Muslim Brotherhood went on to win in elections for the Shura Council and then the 2012 presidential election.[10] Following economic hardship and instability, a large uprising against the Muslim Brotherhood regime of Morsi was followed by the overthrow of Morsi, the suspension of the 2012 constitution, the dissolution of the Shura Council, as well as a roadmap which outlined future elections which would follow the drafting and approval of a new constitution.

As part of the roadmap which ensued followed the overthrow of Morsi, then-minister of defense Abdel Fattah el-Sisi declared that elections would be preceded by a constitutional referendum. Interim president Adly Mansour announced on 26 January 2014 that the presidential election would be held before the parliamentary election.[11] A five-member commission was formed to monitor the election.[12] The deadline for proposals regarding the elections law was 9 February.[13] The presidential elections law was issued by the president on 8 March.[14]

On 24 March, an Egyptian court sentenced 529 Muslim Brotherhood members to death following an attack on a police station, and two days later, on 26 March Egypt's public prosecutor declared that another 919 Brotherhood members would be tried for murder and terrorism. On the same day, Sisi announced that he would stand as a candidate in the presidential election.[15]

Between the removal of Morsi and the 2014 presidential elections, it is reported that an estimated 20,000 activists and dissidents were arrested by the police under the interim government.[16]

Regulations

[edit]

Candidates were able to apply for nomination to the presidency between 31 March and 20 April 2014.[17] The final list of candidates approved by the Supreme Election Committee was announced on 2 May.[18] Candidates were allowed to spend a maximum of LE20 million for campaigning.[19] The final results of the election were officially scheduled to be announced on 5 June;[18] however, the official announcement of the results took place earlier, on 3 June.[7]

Timetable

[edit]
Date Legal action Duration
31 March 2014 – 20 April 2014 Candidates can be nominated[17] 21 days
Approximately 21 April 2014 Announcing the initial list and number of supporters per candidate[18] 1 day
22 April 2014 – 23 April 2014 Receiving objections to candidates[18] 2 days
24 April 2014 – 26 April 2014 Reviewing objections[18] 3 days
27 April 2014 Notifying the rejected candidates 1 day
28 April 2014 – 29 April 2014 Receiving grievances from the rejected candidates 2 days
30 April 2014 – 1 May 2014 The disposition of grievances cases 2 days
2 May 2014 Announcing the final list[18] 1 day
3 May 2014 – 23 May 2014 Presidential campaigns are run[17] 20 days
Approximately 2 May 2014 Choosing the campaigns' symbols[18]
9 May 2014 Last date for withdrawal 1 day
15 May 2014 – 18 May 2014 First round for Egyptians outside Egypt[17] 4 days
24 May 2014 – 25 May 2014 Candidates not allowed to campaign during this period 2 days
26 May 2014 – 27 May 2014 First round for Egyptians within Egypt[17] 2 days
28 May 2014 Original end of vote counting (Later on extended 3rd day of voting)
29 May 2014 Receiving the grievances cases of the committee decisions
30 May 2014 – 31 May 2014 The disposition of grievances cases 2 days
5 June 2014 Announcing the final result of the first round

(or final result if winner receives more than 50% of the vote)[17]

1 day
6 June 2014 – 9 June 2014 Voting for Egyptians outside Egypt in the second round[17] 4 days
6 June 2014 – 17 June 2014 The second round's presidential campaigns 12 days
15 June 2014 Candidates not allowed to campaign during this period 1 day
16 June 2014 – 17 June 2014 Voting for Egyptians within Egypt in the second round (if needed)[17] 2 days
18 June 2014 Counting votes 1 day
19 June 2014 Receiving the grievances cases of the committee decisions 1 day
20 June 2014 – 21 June 2014 The disposition of grievances cases 2 days
26 June 2014 Announcing the final result of the presidential election

(if no candidate wins more than 50% in the first round)[17]

1 day

Source: "Time Schedule for the Dates and Proceduresof the 2014 Presidential Elections" (PDF). Presidential Election Committee.

Candidates

[edit]
Participants holding flags and pictures of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi

Hamdeen Sabahi, a former presidential candidate in the 2012 presidential election, officially announced his presidential bid on 8 February 2014.[20] However, the Sabahi campaign had criticized the presidential elections law promulgated by the interim government, deeming its characteristics troubling for the transparency and fairness of the election.[21] The pro-Sabahi Revolution's Candidate campaign had also expressed reservations about the nature of the presidential elections law, suggesting that the provision establishing inviolability for the decisions of the Supreme Electoral Committee raises doubts about the integrity of the election process and could potentially force a reassessment of the Sabahi candidacy.[22] On 14 March, Hamdeen Sabahi's presidential campaign announced that Sabahi had decided to continue his candidacy in the presidential election, despite the perceived unconstitutionality of the presidential elections law.[23] Sabahi has taken the medical tests needed to run for presidential office.[24] Sabahi acquired 31,555 endorsements.[25]

Abdel Fattah el-Sisi confirmed on 26 March that he will run for president, which also led to his simultaneous permanent retirement from the Armed Forces.[26] Sisi submitted 188,930 endorsements[25] (though 500,000 were collected)[27] and was the first candidate to submit all required documentation.[28]

Sisi and Sabahi were announced as the official candidates by the Presidential Election Commission on 2 May 2014.[29]

Other candidates and nominations

[edit]

The New Wafd Party stated on 27 January 2014 that it would not nominate anyone for presidency.[30] The Free Egyptians Party announced on 27 April 2014 that it would not nominate any members to presidential elections.[31] Adly Mansour, stated in November 2013 that he would not run.[32] Amr Moussa, who finished fifth in the 2012 presidential election, has stated that he would not run for the presidency.[33] The Nour Party did not nominate anyone for the presidency.[34] Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh, who finished fourth in the 2012 election, announced on 9 February 2014 that he would not run.[35] On 13 March, Lieutenant General Sami Anan announced he will not run for president.[36]

Khaled Ali, a labor lawyer and former presidential candidate, withdrew his candidacy on 16 March after the passage of the presidential elections law, describing the election as a "farce" while also urging el-Sisi not to run and the army to stay out of politics.[37] Ahmed Shafiq, who finished second in the 2012 presidential election, losing to Mohamed Morsi, announced on 20 March that he would not run for president.[38]

Murad Muwafi, who is the former director of Egyptian General Intelligence, announced on 30 March that he would not run for president.[39] Lawyer Mortada Mansour announced on 6 April that he would run for president,[40] though on 19 April, he announced his withdrawal from the election and endorsed el-Sisi.[41][42] News presenter Bothaina Kamel announced on 12 April that she would run,[43] but she could not collect the required endorsements.[44]

A movement called Taharor had launched, in coordination with the Constitution Party and with 6 April movement, a nationwide campaign to collect 50,000 signatures in favor of Mohammed ElBaradei running for the presidency.[45] Another campaign, called Authorize El Baradei, also started in order to gain endorsements to convince ElBaradei to run for the presidency.[46] However, ElBaradei was ultimately not a presidential candidate.[29]

Endorsements and opposition

[edit]

Sisi endorsements

[edit]
Soldier helps an elderly woman to reach the polling station in Alexandria – 27 May 2014

A movement called Finish Your Favor claimed to have collected 26 million signatures asking el-Sisi to run for president.[47] The Revolutionary Forces Bloc backed el-Sisi for president.[48] Tamarod supported el-Sisi[49] as did the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party[50] and the Misr Balady front.[51] The Moderate Front, which is a group made up of former jihadis, ex-members of the Muslim Brotherhood and ex-al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya members,[52] supported el-Sisi.[53]

The New Wafd Party announced their support for el-Sisi on 7 April.[54] The Free Egyptians Party announced on 27 April 2014 that it would back el-Sisi.[31] The Nour Party announced their support for el-Sisi on 3 May.[55] The Tagammu Party and Congress Party announced on 4 May 2014 that they would back el-Sisi for president.[56] Moussa has stated that el-Sisi is the most qualified candidate for the presidency.[57] Ex-President Hosni Mubarak stated in a phone interview that Egyptians should back Sisi,[58] though Mubarak's lawyer has disputed the idea that Mubarak has commented about Sisi's candidacy.[59] In that same interview, Mubarak criticized Sabahi, saying that he is "not fit" to be president.[58] Anwar Sadat and Saad el-Shazly's families also backed el-Sisi.[60][61] The Egyptian Patriotic Movement announced on 13 May that it would support Sisi.[62]

Sabahi endorsements, opposition to Sisi's candidacy and Mona el-Beheiri

[edit]

The Strong Egypt Party, headed by Aboul Fotouh, himself a former member of the Muslim Brotherhood, opposed el-Sisi's candidacy.[63] Sabahi had criticized the possibility of having someone with a past military background become the next president, arguing that such an outcome would run counter to the goals of the Egyptian revolution.[64][65] He also expressed doubt about Sisi's commitment to democracy, and argued that the retired Field Marshal bore a measure of direct and indirect responsibility for the human rights violations carried out during the period of the interim government. Sabahi denounced what he deemed to be the interim government's hostility toward the goals of the revolution.[66]

The Road of the Revolution Front, the Constitution Party, both wings of the April 6 Movement and the Anti-Coup Alliance opposed Sisi's election bid.[67] The 6 April movement opposed Sisi's candidacy on the grounds that it would further exacerbate polarization and division.[68] Shortly after Sisi's announcement to run for the presidential elections, some social media users in Egypt and the Arab world responded to el-Sisi's presidential bid announcement with a highly critical viral hashtag ("vote for the pimp") that swept Twitter, Facebook, and other social media platforms.[69]

The Revolutionary Socialists issued a statement delineating their position toward the election which criticized state institutions supporting Sisi, described Sisi as the "leader of the counter-revolution," and vowed to "expose el-Sisi's illusions and to destroy the idol which Mubarak's state is erecting as it rebuilds itself."[70] Six political movements, including the Road of the Revolution Front, both wings of the 6 April movement, the Revolutionary Socialists, Hakemhom, and the Students Resistance movement had joined together to create an anti-Sisi campaign called "Against You."[71]

Two co-founders of Tamarod (Hassan Shahin and Mohamed Abel Aziz) were suspended from the organization after announcing their support for Hamdeen Sabahi in his presidential bid.[72] Other leading Tamarod members, numbering around 50, issued a statement expressing support for Sabahi.[73] The Revolution's Candidate campaign began to promote Sabahi following his confirmation that he will run in the election.[74] The Popular Current officially supported Sabahi for president.[75] The Constitution Party had announced its official support for Sabahi after polling its members over potential positions to take toward the election.[76][77] The Socialist Popular Alliance Party announced on 25 April 2014 that it would support Sabahi.[78] The Dignity Party previously stated that it would support Sabahi.[78] The Revolutionary Socialists announced on 27 April that they would support Sabahi.[79][80] The Justice Party declared its support for Sabahi on 28 April.[81] The Freedom Egypt Party announced its support for Sabahi.[82]

The Kefaya Movement stated it would not back a candidate.[83] After holding an internal vote over the question of what position to take toward the presidential election, the Egyptian Social Democratic Party decided not to officially back any candidate.[84] The 6 April Democratic Front had declared that it would let members decide whether to support Sabahi or boycott the election.[85]

There was some notoriety over a supporter of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, an Egyptian woman named Mona el-Beheiri, having expressed her dissent in a street interview over U.S. President Barack Obama's approach to el-Sisi and Egypt in broken English, sporting a heavy Egyptian Arabic accent: "Listen your Obama. We are Egyptian women. You are listen Obama!? Shut up your mouse Obama! Shut up your mouse Obama!! SISI YES, SISI YES! MORSI NO, MORSI NO!"[86] el-Beheiri later became a well-known persona in Egypt and across the Arab world, and the video of her street interview became the subject of some remixes and memes. The incident was described as "the Middle East's Joe the Plumber moment".[87] el-Beheiri received interviews from numerous Arab news outlets, and appeared on various talk shows. T-shirts with either her image or "Shut up your mouse, Obama" quote were being sold in stores and markets all over the Arab world.[86] In addition, she was invited to the Arab Media Forum in Dubai, as an example of a social media phenomenon.[88] Some took a very differing opinion and even considered the event and attention an embarrassment.[89]

Conduct and controversies

[edit]

The Socialist Popular Alliance Party and the Revolutionary Socialists opposed the use of state media to promote el-Sisi as a candidate.[70][90] The Socialist Popular Alliance also demanded "fair, transparent, credible elections" and argued that allowing the election to turn into a referendum over a single candidate would mean the establishment of a totalitarian state.[91] Ahmed Douma, an activist and member of the Popular Current who was at the time imprisoned for allegedly violating an anti-protest law, called on Hamdeen Sabahi to withdraw his candidacy until the protest law was annulled and prisoners whose incarceration is justified by this law or otherwise associated with its application were freed.[92] Sabahi and his campaign issued complaints of state bias, assaults and arbitrary arrests against pro-Sabahi campaigners, and destruction of candidate endorsement documents.[dead link][93][94][95][96] Sabahi also accused Sisi's campaign of bribing citizens to garner endorsements, as well as having orchestrated prepaid arrangements to acquire endorsements.[97] The Presidential Elections Committee stated that Sabahi broke election rules by announcing his campaign prematurely and that it would investigate the matter.[98] In response to actions undertaken by governmental authorities during the course of the voting process, Sabahi withdrew his campaign representatives from polling stations, and described the election as "a seemingly non-democratic process that lacks a minimum amount of freedom of expression."[99] The Sabahi campaign denounced the arrests of many of its members throughout the course of the voting process.[100]

Further boycotts

[edit]

Ayman Nour and his Ghad El-Thawra Party announced its boycott on 9 February.[101] The National Alliance to Support Legitimacy announced on 27 April 2014 that it would boycott the vote.[102] The 6 April movement has announced that it would boycott the vote, describing the election as a "farce."[103] The Strong Egypt Party re-affirmed that it would boycott the vote on 14 May.[104]

Monitors

[edit]

The Presidential Electoral Committee approved 80 domestic and 6 international civil society organizations to monitor the elections while rejecting 32 domestic and seven international CSOs. Among the international organizations were the European Union, the African Union, the League of Arab States, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa and Organisation internationale de la Francophonie[105] The European Union monitored the election,[106] as did Democracy International, though Democracy International withdrew after the second day of voting-the vote had been scheduled to last two days, but was extended to three after an initially low turnout.[6] They commented that the extension raised "questions" regarding "independence of the election commission, the impartiality of the government, and the integrity of Egypt's electoral process".[6] The European Union remained observing until the culmination of the voting.[6] The Carter Center also sent a "small expert mission" focussed on general legal and political issues.[107]

Opinion polls

[edit]

A September 2013 Zogby Research Services opinion poll found that 46% of Egyptians polled expressed "confidence" in Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi, while 52% were "not confident" in the then-general.[108] The same poll showed 44% exhibiting "confidence" in former president Mohamed Morsi and 55% as being "not confident" about the former president.[108] The Zogby poll reported 39% as "confident" in then-interim president Adly Mansour while 58% were "not confident" in him.[108] A poll conducted by Baseera in February 2014[109] indicated that 51% of those polled would vote for el-Sisi, while 45% were undecided about whom to vote for and only 1% planned to cast their vote for Sabahi.[110] 2,062 people were polled by the Egyptian Center for Public Opinion Research (Baseera) in all of the governorates of Egypt from 27 February 2014 to 4 March 2014 via mobile and landline calling.[111] Another poll, also conducted by Baseera, indicated that 39% would vote for El-Sisi,[112] while 59% were undecided and only 1% indicated that they would vote for Sabahi.[113] The poll was conducted by contacting 2,034 people 18 and older who were contacted through land line and mobile phones throughout all of Egypt's governorates from 24 March until 26 March.[112] Another poll taken from 28 April until 2 May indicated that 72% supported Sisi, while 2% support Sabahi.[114] A poll by the Ibn Khaldun Center for Development Studies found that 84% of those who responded would support Sisi, while 16% would support Sabahi.[115] Another poll by Baseera conducted from 10 to 11 May that polled 2,000 people found that 75% have said that they would vote for Sisi, 2% would vote for Sabahi and 15% were undecided.[116] 87% of people who responded said that they would vote.[117]

Opinion polls in Egypt are, however, unreliable, having failed to predict the outcome of the 2012 presidential election.[118]

Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size Hamdeen Sabahi
Egyptian Popular Current
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Non-partisan
None Lead
Baseera[109][110] 27 February – 4 March 2014 2,062 1% 51% 45% 50%
Baseera[112][113] 24–26 March 2014 2,034 1% 39% 59% 38%
Baseera[114] 28 April- 2 May 2014 2,005 2% 72% 26% 70%
Ibn Khaldun Center for Development Studies[115] approximately 2 May 2014 ? 16% 84% 0% 68%
Baseera[116] 10–11 May 2014[116] 2,000[117] 2% 76% 22% 74%

Turnout

[edit]

With the election looming, Sisi publicly called for record voter participation in an effort to boost the election's legitimacy. "Showing signs of panic," according to Reuters, the interim government declared the second day of voting, a Tuesday, to be a public holiday, and extended voting until 10:00PM.[16] However, turnout was lower than expected, with lines outside polling stations short, and in some cases no voters visible at all. By the end of the day, the elections committee decided to extend voting to a third day, 28 May.[16] The Justice Ministry declared that Egyptians who did not vote would be fined, and waived train fares to try to increase participation. Government-backed media also admonished the public for not voting, and one TV commentator called those not voting "traitors, traitors, traitors."[16]

Turnout was very low in the city of Alexandria, in Morsi's home village northeast of Cairo, and in the industrial city of Helwan.[16]

While some attribute the low turnout to earlier calls by the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to boycott the elections, others see it as a reflection of the popularity of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.[119][120]

Results

[edit]

Expats

[edit]

The Presidential Elections Committee announced on 21 May that the final tally of votes by Egyptians at polling stations abroad in the presidential election had el-Sisi win with 94.5% of the votes (296,628 votes out of 318,033).[121]

Exit polls

[edit]

An exit poll from the Egyptian Centre for Public Opinion Research, Baseera, the primary institute to have polled the election campaign, showed el-Sisi in the lead with 95.3%, and Sabahi with 4.7%.[122]

Unofficial results and reactions

[edit]

Unofficial results that were reported in the news outlets showed that out of the Egyptian population eligible to vote of 54 million, only around half, 25.6 million voted.[123] Of the 25.6 million, El-Sisi was voted for by 23.9 million, in comparison to Sabahi's 756,000,[122] It was also reported that the number of votes Sabahi received was outnumbered by invalid votes[123] (1.07 million).[6] When the unofficial results were published, hundreds of El-Sisi supporters in Cairo celebrated.[123]

A day after the election, Sabahi conceded defeat but said the official turnout figures were too high and were "an insult to the intelligence of Egyptians." The next day, he contested the results of the election, even before the official results were announced by the presidential election commission.[124] The appeal was rejected by PEC the day after.[125]

Official results

[edit]

The official publication date for the results was due to be 5 June,[18] in memory of the Six-Day War's beginning, in which Egypt was at war with Israel.[9] However, the results were released early on 3 June by Judge Anwar El-Assi. He announced the following final official results: 25,578,233 voted in the elections, a turnout of 47.5%, with el-Sisi winning with 23.78 million votes, 96.91%.[7] Hamdeen Sabahi got 757,511 of the votes, 3.09%.[126]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Abdel Fattah el-SisiIndependent23,780,11496.91
Hamdeen SabahiEgyptian Popular Current757,5113.09
Total24,537,625100.00
Valid votes24,537,62595.93
Invalid/blank votes1,040,6084.07
Total votes25,578,233100.00
Registered voters/turnout53,848,89047.50
Source: Ahram Online

Reactions

[edit]

Domestic

[edit]

In conjunction with el-Sisi inauguration festivals held in Egypt's Supreme constitutional court, Heliopolis Palace and Quba palace, Tahrir Square was prepared for receiving millions of Egyptians to celebrate Sisi's winning while police and army troops shut down the square outlets by barbed wires and barricades, as well as electronic gates for detecting any explosives that could spoil the festivals.[127]

Grand Imam of al-Azhar Ahmed el-Tayeb[128] and the Pope Tawadros II[129] sent a congratulation cable to el-Sisi. Egypt's top football clubs Al Ahly SC[130] and Zamalek's[131] board of directors also sent el-Sisi cables. The leading Egyptian journalist and author Mohamed Hassanein Heikal congratulated Sisi and expressed through his Twitter account his wishes for el-Sisi.[132] The Egyptian Minister of Defense Sedki Sobhi in the name of the Egyptian Armed Forces congratulated el-Sisi.

Hamdeen Sabahi, who lost the election, called el-Sisi to congratulate him and wished him luck expressing his trust that he would succeed.[133]

President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, an hour after he was named the country's new leader, gave a television speech expressing his gratitude over the election results saying "My emotions are mixed with happiness and aspiration: my happiness for what you have achieved and my aspiration to be worthy of your trust,". Sisi also said that "now is the time for work", with the future goal being to realise the revolutions' goals of freedom, dignity, humanity and social justice. "I am looking forward to your efforts and determination in building the upcoming stage," he added.[134]

International

[edit]
  •  UN — The United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon congratulated el-Sisi, saying that he puts his faith in Egypt's president-elect and trusts that he will do everything possible to support the Egyptian people's aspirations for a "stable, democratic and prosperous Egypt."[135] Ą
  •  EU — The European Union extended congratulations to el-Sisi saying the conclusion of elections "marks an important step in the implementation of the constitutional roadmap towards the transition to democracy in Egypt".[136]
  •  Arab League — The Arab Parliament speaker Ahmed Ben Mohamed Jarwan congratulated el-Sisi in a congratulatory cable wishing luck to the new leader to meet the expectations of the Egyptian people.[137]
  •  Russia — Shortly after the initial results appeared, before the final results, president Vladimir Putin called el-Sisi to congratulate him in what he described as "convincing success", he also agreed to hold top official meetings and encourage mutual relations between the two countries in the forthcoming period.[138] The Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' Kirill also has congratulated el-Sisi on winning the election.[139]
  •  United States — A White House statement from 4 June 2014 said the US "looks forward to working with Abdelfattah al-Sisi, the winner of Egypt's presidential election, to advance our strategic partnership and the many interests shared by the United States and Egypt."[140]
  •  Saudi Arabia — King Abdullah ibn Abdilaziz sent a cable of congratulation Al-Sisi describing the day as a "historic day," and vowed to continue support for Egypt saying "In this day of history and in a new stage of the march of Egypt, a country of true Islam and Arabism, I have the pleasure to congratulate you on the kind confidence bestowed on you by the people who entrusted you to carry their hopes, aspirations and dreams for a better future," King Abdullah also called on countries to attend a donors conference for Egypt warning "any able country failing to contribute to help Egypt would have no future place among us."[141]
  •  UAE — The Emirati president and Emir of Abu Dhabi, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, sent el-Sisi a cable of congratulation saying: "Congratulations on the precious trust given to you by the brotherly people of Egypt in facing the challenges they are experiencing, and to achieve their aspirations and ambitions in stability, development, progress, prosperity, pride and dignity."[142] Sharjah ruler Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, Deputy ruler Ahmed bin Sultan Al-Qasimi, crown prince of Sharjah Sheikh Sultan Bin Muhammed Al-Qassimi, Sharjah debuty ruler Abdullah bin Salem Al-Qassimi also sent Sisi congratulation cables.[143]
  •  Kuwait — The Kuwaiti government chaired by His Highness the Prime Minister Sheikh Jaber Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah congratulated el-Sisi and wished him luck in restoring security and stability nationwide, His Highness the Amir Al-Jaber Al-Sabah participated in Al-Sisi's inauguration ceremony in Cairo.[144]
  •  Jordan — King Abdullah called el-Sisi to congratulate him, he also attended his inauguration in Cairo vowing more support to Egypt.[145]
  •  Palestine — The Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas called el-Sisi to congratulate him describing his victory as "a victory for the Arab and Palestinian cause".[138]
  •  Israel — Both the Israeli president Shimon Peres and the prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu called el-Sisi to congratulate him, they described his win as "sweeping victory in a democratic transparent atmosphere", they also expressed their certainty that el-Sisi would take Egypt to the position it deserves based on his background as a fighter soldier and a great leader seeking his country's sublimity.[146]
  •  Qatar — Qatar's emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani sent a cable to el-Sisi congratulating him.[147]
  •  Turkey — The Turkish president Abdullah Gül sent el-Sisi a message congratulating him saying he had no doubts that the deep-rooted relations between Turkey and Egypt would continue, and sent his best wishes for the peace, stability and well-being of the Egyptian people.[148] However, prime minister Erdogan dismissed the congratulatory message, saying such messages are "meaningless."[149]
  •  Nigeria — The Nigerian president Goodluck Jonathan sent el-Sisi a cable congratulating him urging him to "fully dedicate himself to ending years of political turmoil in the north African country by working diligently for national reconciliation, peace, political stability and socioeconomic development,".[150]
  •  Italy — The Italian foreign minister Federica Mogherini sent el-Sisi a cable congratulating him saying that Italy considers Egypt as a strategic partner to face common threats in the region.[151]
  •  China — The Chinese president Xi Jinping has congratulated el-Sisi on his election as Egypt's new president saying that China is willing to make joint efforts with Egypt to further promote the traditional friendship between the two peoples, and to cement their mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields so as to advance the China-Egypt strategic cooperation.[152]
  •  UK — British foreign secretary William Hague congratulated el-Sisi saying that Britain is looking forward to working with El-Sisi's government on strengthening the "broad and productive relationship between both our peoples."[153]
  •  Syria — The Syrian president Bashar Al-Assad sent el-Sisi a cable congratulating him.[154]
  •  Algeria — The Algerian president Abdelaziz Bouteflika sent a cable addressing el-Sisi as Mr. President and "my dear brother" wishing him best of luck regarding his duty.[155]
  •  Yemen — The Yemeni president Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi sent el-Sisi a cable wishing him the best of luck and expressing his sureness that Egypt led by el-Sisi would be supporter for the Arab cause.[156]
  •  Sudan — The Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir called el-Sisi wishing him the best of luck for Egypt to restore the stability.[157]
  •  Namibia — The Namibian president Hifikepunye Pohamba sent el-Sisi a cable wishing that electing him would restore stability and peace to Egypt.[158]
  •  Morocco — The Moroccan king Mohammed sent el-Sisi a cable wishing him luck in his supreme mission.[159]
  •  Libya — The president of General National Congress Nouri Abusahmain sent el-Sisi a cable wishing him luck and saying that he is looking forward to co-operate with Egypt for the ambition of Egyptians and Libyans.[160]
  •  Oman — The Omani sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said sent el-Sisi a cable wishing him success in achieving Egyptians ambitions.[161]
  •  Iraq — The Iraqi prime minister Nouri al-Maliki sent el-Sisi a cable hoping that electing el-Sisi would mark a first step towards restoring stability in Egypt.[162]
  •  Lebanon — Acting president Tammam Salam sent el-Sisi a cable congratulating him.[163]
  •  France — French foreign minister Laurent Fabius expressed his congratulations to el-Sisi in a phone call with the Egyptian Foreign minister Sameh Shoukry.[164]
  •  Bolivia — The Minister of National Defense of Bolivia Rubén Saavedra Soto handed over a congratulation message for el-Sisi to Egyptian envoy to meetings of the G-77 Summit.[165]
  •  Venezuela — The Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro sent a cable congratulating el-Sisi and saying that he is looking forward to co-operating with Egypt to "strengthen the historical relations between the two countries".[166]
  •  Japan — The Japanese emperor Akihito sent a cable congratulating el-Sisi expressing his wishes for el-Sisi to succeed[167]
  •  Germany — The German president Joachim Gauck sent a congratulatory telegram to el-Sisi congratulating him on his inauguration as president, he also stressed on the outstanding role of president Sisi in uniting Egyptians together. He also affirmed on the importance of cooperation based on the partnership between Egypt and Germany.[168]
  •  Singapore — The Singaporean president Tony Tan Keng Yam has written el-Sisi a congratulatory message offering "warmest congratulations". saying "Your assumption of office will mark the completion of an important phase of Egypt’s political transition," he wrote, in a letter released to the media on Friday (6 June). Dr Tan says Singapore stands ready to help, as Mr El-Sisi attempts to steer Egypt "back onto the path of stability and prosperity".[169]
  •  Iran — The Iranian president Hassan Rouhani has congratulated el-Sisi, the Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister for Arab and African Affairs Amir Abdollahian attended the inauguration ceremony of el-Sisi in Cairo.[170]
  •  Spain — Spain's government released a statement saying that it welcomes "the fact that the elections were held in a prevailing climate of calm" and it said that "Spain trusts that the mandate of President al-Sisi serves to make progress towards the true democratisation of the country, leads to a return to economic growth and the creation of opportunities for the people of Egypt and highlights the need for the consolidation of security and stability of the country."[171]
  •  Bahrain — King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa sent a cable to el-Sisi wishing him success in assuming his presidential duties to meet his people's aspirations and ambitions, achieve further progress and prosperity and consolidate security and stability. "We are looking forward to attending your inauguration, fully confident in your ability to achieve stability, progress and prosperity and lead Egypt to assume its strategic and pivotal regional role in championing Arab and Islamic causes," he added.[172]
  •  Tunisia — The major Tunisian opposition party Nidaa Tounes published two letters through its Facebook page, the first one congratulates the Egyptian people for electing el-Sisi, and the other for congratulating el-Sisi saying "Under your [Sisi’s] guidance and with your election, our sister Egypt inaugurates a new era of trust in the present and hope in the future,". the letter was signed by the party's leader Béji Caïd Essebsi[173]
  •  Ethiopia — The Ethiopian president Mulatu Teshome sent a congratulatory message to el-Sisi stressing the historical ties of friendship between the two countries and looked forward to strengthening this relation the future.[174] The Ethiopian foreign minister attended the inauguration of el-Sisi.[175]
  •  Gambia — A Gambian official delegation headed by The Gambia's Secretary General and Minister for Presidential Affairs Momodou Sabally attended the ceremony of Sisi's inauguration in Cairo.[176]
  • The IMF managing Director Christine Lagarde congratulated el-Sisi in a cable his win in what she described as "elections in a fair atmosphere" wishing him the best of luck on his new charge.[177]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Sisi, Sabahi to face off for Egyptian presidency". Asharq Al-Awsat. 21 April 2014. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  2. ^ Bowen, Jeremy (29 May 2014). "Egypt election: Sisi secures landslide win". BBC News. Retrieved 31 August 2015. Former military chief Abdul Fattah al-Sisi... gained more than 93% of the vote with ballots from most polling stations counted, state media say... Islamist and some secular groups boycotted the vote. Mr. Sisi's only opponent, Hamdeen Sabahi, has admitted defeat... Mr. Sisi deposed President Mohammed Morsi last July after mass protests. He has overseen a bloody crackdown on Mr. Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood movement in which more than 1,400 people have been killed and 16,000 detained. The Brotherhood boycotted the vote, as did many liberal and secular activist groups.
  3. ^ "Egypt's El-Sisi bids military farewell, says he will run for presidency". Ahram Online. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  4. ^ a b "Egypt election: Sisi secures landslide win". BBC. 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  5. ^ "Former army chief scores landslide victory in Egypt presidential polls". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Egypt: El-Sissi wins election by landslide". The Monitor. 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  7. ^ a b c "El-Sisi wins Egypt's presidential race with 96.91%". English.Ahram.org. Ahram Online. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  8. ^ "Egypt's Sisi set for landslide win in presidential vote". France24. 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 2 June 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  9. ^ a b "El-Sisi faces factious agenda after landslide victory". Ahram Online. 31 May 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  10. ^ "Full Egypt election results". Al Jazeera. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  11. ^ "Egypt to hold presidential polls first: Interim president". Ahram Online. 26 January 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  12. ^ "Egypt's newly-approved constitution to be followed by tackling key political laws". Ahram Online. 19 January 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  13. ^ "Deadline for proposals on presidential elections draft law Sunday". Cairo Post. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  14. ^ "President issues presidential elections law". Cairo Post. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  15. ^ Stern, Johannes (28 March 2014). "Egyptian coup leader al-Sisi announces presidential candidacy". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  16. ^ a b c d e "Egypt extends presidential election to help Sisi". Reuters. 27 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i "First round of voting for president on May 26 and 27". Mada Masr. 30 March 2014. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h "Egypt's presidential elections to be held 26, 27 May". Ahram Online. 30 March 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  19. ^ "El-Sisi's campaign has spent LE12 million on advertising, says advisor". Ahram Online. 12 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  20. ^ "Egypt's Sabbahi officially announces presidential bid". Ahram Online. 8 February 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  21. ^ "Sabbahi's campaign claims new elections law is 'unconstitutional'". Ahram Online. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  22. ^ "SEC inviolability leads Sabbahi campaign to review its stance". Cairo Post. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  23. ^ "Sabbahi's will run despite 'unconstitutional' ban on appeals". Ahram Online. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  24. ^ "Sabahi takes medical tests required for presidential running". Aswat Masriya. 5 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  25. ^ a b "PEC: El-Sisi garners 188,930 support forms, Hamdeen 31,555". State Information Service. 21 April 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  26. ^ "BREAKING: Defence Minister Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi resigns from military to run for presidency". Ahram Online. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  27. ^ "Al-Sisi campaign collects 500,000 signatures of support". Daily News Egypt. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  28. ^ "Al-Sisi becomes first candidate to submit documents for presidential elections". Daily News Egypt. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  29. ^ a b "PEC: Sisi and Sabahi official contenders, campaigning begins Saturday". Aswat Masriya. 2 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  30. ^ "Wafd Party would not nominate any members for presidential elections". Cairo Post. 27 January 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  31. ^ a b "Al-Masreyeen Al-Ahrrar backs Sisi's presidential bid". Aswat Masriya. 27 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  32. ^ "Egypt's interim president Adly Mansour says won't run for presidency". Reuters. 19 November 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  33. ^ "Amr Moussa: I will not run for president". Egypt Independent. 16 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  34. ^ "Nour Party aims for majority of parliamentary seats". Cairo Post. 24 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  35. ^ "Egypt's Aboul-Fotouh will not run for president, party to boycott". Ahram Online. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  36. ^ "Anan won't run in the upcoming Presidential elections". Ahram Online. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  37. ^ "Khaled Ali says he won't stand in presidential election". Ahram Online. 16 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
  38. ^ "Shafiq not running in Egypt's upcoming presidential elections". Ahram Online. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  39. ^ "Muwafi announces he will not run against Sisi". Cairo Post. 30 March 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  40. ^ "Lawyer Mortada Mansour says he will run for Egypt's presidency". Ahram Online. 6 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
  41. ^ "Lawyer Mortada Mansour withdraws from presidential race". Ahram Online. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  42. ^ "Zamalek club chief backtracks on presidencial (sic) bid after 'vision'". Egypt Independent. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  43. ^ "State TV news anchor announces bid for presidency". Mada Masr. 13 April 2014. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  44. ^ "A two horse race: Egypt's presidential elections". Ahram Online. 20 April 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  45. ^ "Taharor aims to collect 50,000 signatures for ElBaradei to run for president". The Cairo Post. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  46. ^ "Will ElBaradei run for president of Egypt?". Al Monitor. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  47. ^ "Misr Balady Front calls on Al-Sisi to run for presidency". Reuters. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  48. ^ "Revolutionary Forces Bloc declares support for Sisi's bid for president". The Cairo Post.
  49. ^ "Tamarod officially supports al-Sisi as president". Cairo Post. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  50. ^ "Nasserist Party to support Sisi in presidential elections". Cairo Post. 6 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
  51. ^ ""Misr Balady" front backs Sisi as president". State Information Service. 3 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  52. ^ "Moderate Front to hold public conference to nominate Sisi for president". Cairo Post. 20 January 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  53. ^ "Islamic Alliance, MB dissidents intensify efforts for Sisi candidacy". Cairo Post. 8 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  54. ^ "Wafd Party endorses Sisi presidential bid". Daily News Egypt. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  55. ^ "Nour Party backs Sisi for president". Egypt Independent. 3 May 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  56. ^ "Conference, Tagamoa parties to coordinate in backing El-Sisi". Ahram Online. 4 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
  57. ^ "Amr Moussa: Sisi most qualified for president". Egypt Independent. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  58. ^ a b "Mubarak supports Sisi, slams Sabahi in phone interview". Cairo Post. 3 April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  59. ^ "Al-Sisi sweeps endorsements". Al-Ahram Weekly. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  60. ^ "Sadat's family supports Sisi in presidential race". State Information Service. 3 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  61. ^ "Sadat family backs Sisi".
  62. ^ "One more party backs Al-Sisi as both contenders continue vigorous campaigning". Daily News Egypt. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  63. ^ "Strong Egypt Party says Sisi nomination infringes the civil country". Egypt Independent. 28 January 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  64. ^ "Sabbahi: I am the only presidential candidate so far in Egypt". Ahram Online. 19 January 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  65. ^ "Politicians defend possible Sisi candidacy". The Cairo Post. 19 January 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  66. ^ "Egyptian candidate questions Sisi's commitment to democracy". Reuters. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  67. ^ "Who opposes Sisi for president?". Cairo Post. 28 March 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  68. ^ "6 April Youth Movement oppose Al-Sisi presidential bid". Daily News Egypt. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  69. ^ "Egypt Anti-Sisi hashtag sweeps Twitter". BBC. 30 March 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  70. ^ a b "Statement by the Egyptian Revolutionary Socialists on the presidential elections 27 April 2014". Socialist Worker. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  71. ^ "6 political movements join forces in anti-Sisi campaign". Mada Masr. 17 May 2014. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
  72. ^ "Aziz, Shahin and Qady suspended from Tamarod". Cairo Post. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  73. ^ "More Tamarod members back Sabbahi candidacy". Ahram Online. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  74. ^ "'Revolution Candidate' begins campaigning for presidential candidate Sabbahi". Cairo Post. 8 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  75. ^ "Popular Current members support Sabbahi's candidacy". Cairo Post. 11 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  76. ^ "Constitution Party backs Sabahi for president". Ahram Online. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  77. ^ "Dostour Party to support Sabbahi for elections". Egypt Independent. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  78. ^ a b "Socialist Popular Alliance announces backing for Sabahi". Ahram Online. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  79. ^ "Revolutionary Socialists calls to vote for Sabbahi against Sisi". The Cairo Post. 27 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  80. ^ "Revolutionary Socialists endorse Sabbahi to expose Sisi". Mada Masr. 27 April 2014. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  81. ^ "Centrist Adl Party backs Sabahi for Egypt president". Ahram Online. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  82. ^ "Hamzawy's Freedom Egypt party backs Sabahi". Ahram Online. 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  83. ^ Kefaya will not support a particular candidate, Cairo Post, 30 March 2014, retrieved 30 March 2014
  84. ^ Egypt's Social Democratic Party abstains from backing any candidate in presidential elections, Ahram Online, 26 April 2014, retrieved 26 April 2014
  85. ^ April 6 Youth Movement proposes anti-Sisi campaign, Mada Masr, 7 May 2014, retrieved 7 May 2014
  86. ^ a b Roy Case (23 May 2014). המצרייה שסתמה לאובמה את הפה - חדשות [Egyptian that clogged the mouth of Obama]. ynet (in Hebrew).
  87. ^ Abbas, Faisal J. (16 March 2014). "Shut up your mouse, Obama". Al Arabiya News. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  88. ^ ""Shut up your mouse, Obama" woman is getting famous. Now she's giving social media talks in Dubai!". Al Bawaba. 21 May 2014.
  89. ^ Mohamed Khairat (11 January 2015). "Shut up your mouse obama is an embarrassment to egyptian women". egyptianstreets.com. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  90. ^ "Egypt's Socialist Popular Alliance demands dismissal of interior minister". Ahram Online. 27 January 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  91. ^ "Socialist Popular Alliance backs Egypt's Sabahi, hopes for fair elections". Ahram Online. 26 April 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
  92. ^ "Jailed activist Douma calls on Sabahi to withdraw from presidential race". Ahram Online. 9 April 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  93. ^ "Policemen assaults member of Sabbahi's campaign for carrying endorsements". The Cairo Post. 14 April 2014. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  94. ^ "Sabahi's campaign says Egypt's government refused complaint of bias". Ahram Online. 15 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  95. ^ "Sabahy presidential campaign members assaulted, arrested". Daily News Egypt. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  96. ^ "Sisi and Sabbahi campaigns collect signatures and report violations". Mada Masr. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  97. ^ "Sabbahi says Sisi's campaign bribes endorsers". Egypt Independent. 21 April 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  98. ^ "Terrorism, justice on top of Sabahi's electoral programme". Ahram Online. 30 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  99. ^ "Sabahi remains in Egypt's presidential race despite 'widespread violations': Campaign". Ahram Online. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  100. ^ "Sabbahi's campaign denounces arrest of 10 members". Egypt Independent. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  101. ^ "Ayman Nour boycotts upcoming presidential elections". Cairo Post. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  102. ^ "Alliance to Support Legitimacy to boycott elections". Mada Masr. 27 April 2014. Archived from the original on 28 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  103. ^ "April 6 boycotts Egypt's 'farcical' presidential elections". Ahram Online. 14 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  104. ^ "6 April Youth Movement and Misr Al-Qawia announce boycott of presidential elections". Daily News Egypt. 14 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  105. ^ "Preliminary Statement" (PDF). European Union Election Observation Mission. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  106. ^ "Despite delay, EU mission will observe presidential election". Daily News Egypt. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  107. ^ Hassan, Amro (19 May 2014). "EU observers to monitor Egyptian election". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  108. ^ a b c "Egyptian attitudes September 2013" (PDF). Zogby. 28 September 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  109. ^ a b "Nearly half of Egyptians undecided in presidential elections". Egypt Independent. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  110. ^ a b "Egyptians have sights set on Sisi, says poll". Mada Masr. 17 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  111. ^ "Press Release: Baseera Poll Results on Egyptians Participation in the Upcoming Presidential Elections" (PDF). Egyptian Center for Public Opinion Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  112. ^ a b c "Support for El-Sisi presidency falls in latest Baseera poll". Ahram Online. 30 March 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  113. ^ a b "Sisi leads Sabbahi in Baseera poll". Cairo Post. 30 March 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  114. ^ a b "Poll shows 72% back El-Sisi and 2% back Sabahi". Ahram Online. 3 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  115. ^ a b "Campaign strategies". Al Ahram Weekly. 8 May 2014. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  116. ^ a b c "Poll: Older generations and those less educated more likely to support Sisi". Mada Masr. 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  117. ^ a b "Poll shows 73% of youths support El-Sisi, 4% back Sabahi". Ahram Online. 14 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  118. ^ "Egypt election results show opinion poll failures". Ahram Online. 5 June 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  119. ^ "Al-Sisi Urges Large Voter Turnout in Egypt's Elections While Islamists Call for Boycott". Time. 27 April 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  120. ^ "Egypt election: Push for high voter turnout". BBC. 27 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  121. ^ "El-Sisi wins 95% of expat votes". Ahram Online. 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  122. ^ a b "LIVE: Egypt's 2014 presidential election results". Ahram Online. 29 May 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  123. ^ a b c "Egypt election: Sisi secures crushing win". BBC. 29 May 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  124. ^ "Egypt's Sabahi contests presidential elections results, says rules were broken". Reuters. 31 May 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  125. ^ "Elections commission rejects Sabahi's appeal". Ahram Online. 1 June 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  126. ^ Kortam, Hend (3 June 2014). "Landslide victory for Al-Sisi, inauguration slated for Sunday". Daily News Egypt. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  127. ^ "Egyptians Celebrate President Sisi's Winning".
  128. ^ "Al-Azhar Grand Imam congratulates Sisi".
  129. ^ ""تواضروس" يهنئ "السيسي".. ويشيد بـ"صباحي".. ويشكر "منصور"".
  130. ^ "الأهلى يهنئ السيسى برئاسة الجمهورية". Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  131. ^ "الزمالك يهنئ السيسي".
  132. ^ ""هيكل" يهنئ "السيسي" لفوزه في الانتخابات الرئاسية (in Arabic)". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  133. ^ "صباحي يهنئ السيسي: انت على قدر المسئولية". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  134. ^ "First El-Sisi speech after victory: 'Now is the time for work'".
  135. ^ "Int'l community congratulates El-Sisi, plans for cooperation".
  136. ^ "EU congratulates Al-Sisi and reiterates concerns".
  137. ^ "Egypt: AP Speaker Congratulates Sisi on Election Win".
  138. ^ a b "Putin and Abu Mazen congratulate Al-Sisi". Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  139. ^ "بطريرك "موسكو" يهنئ "السيسى" لفوزه فى الانتخابات الرئاسية (in Arabic)". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  140. ^ "Statement by the Press Secretary on the Presidential Election in Egypt". whitehouse.gov. whitehouse.gov. 4 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014 – via National Archives.
  141. ^ "Saudi king hails Sisi's 'historic' election win".
  142. ^ "Sheikh Khalifa congratulates Egypt's El Sisi on win".
  143. ^ "حاكم الشارقة يهنئ السيسي بفوزه برئاسة مصر".
  144. ^ "Kuwait congratulates Al-Sisi for winning Egyptian people's confidence".
  145. ^ "King attends Sisi inauguration, vows more support to Egypt".
  146. ^ "Netanyahu and Pers congratulate Al-Sisi".
  147. ^ "El-Sisi sends Qatar's emir a 'thank you' message".
  148. ^ "Turkish president Gul congratulates Egypt's Sisi-UPDATED".
  149. ^ "Turkish PM dismisses congratulatory message to Sisi".
  150. ^ "Nigeria president congratulates Egypt's Sisi".
  151. ^ "Egypt: Italy's Foreign Minister Congratulates Sisi on Election Win".
  152. ^ "Egypt: Chinese President Congratulates Sisi on Election Win".
  153. ^ "UK congratulates El-Sisi for Egypt presidency".
  154. ^ "الأسد يهنئ السيسي بفوزه في الانتخابات".
  155. ^ "بوتفليقة يهنئ السيسي بالنتائج الأولية لانتخابات الرئاسة". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  156. ^ "الرئيس اليمني يهنئ السيسي بفوزه بمنصب رئاسة الجمهورية".
  157. ^ ""البشير" يُهنئ السيسى برئاسة مصر".
  158. ^ "رئيس نامبيا يهنئ السيسي بتنصيبه رئيسا لمصر". Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  159. ^ "عاهل المغرب يهنئ "السيسى": مصر ستتبوأ المكانة الأهل لها تحت قيادتكم". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  160. ^ "رئيس المؤتمر الوطني العام الليبي يهنئ "السيسي" بفوزه برئاسة مصر".
  161. ^ "سلطان عمان يهنئ السيسي بفوزه برئاسة مصر".
  162. ^ "المالكي يهنئ السيسي بإنتخابه رئيساً لمصر".
  163. ^ "العالم يهنئ السيسى".
  164. ^ "فابيوس يهنئ السيسي.. ويتطلع لزيارة القاهرة". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  165. ^ "وزير الدفاع البوليفى يسلم مبعوث الخارجية رسالة تهنئة من الرئيس إلي "السيسي"".
  166. ^ "رئيس فنزويلا يهنئ السيسي ويتطلع للتعاون بين البلدين". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  167. ^ "إمبراطور اليابان يهنئ السيسي". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  168. ^ "German President congratulates Sisi for his inauguration as president of Egypt".
  169. ^ "Singapore President congratulates Egypt's El-Sisi". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  170. ^ "Iranian Deputy FM Attends Sisi's Swearing-In Ceremony".
  171. ^ "Spain congratulates new President of Egypt".
  172. ^ "Bahrain congratulates Sisi on Egypt polls win".
  173. ^ "Nidaa Tounes Congratulates Sisi for Egypt Election Win". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  174. ^ "Ethiopian president congratulates Sisi". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  175. ^ "Ethiopian FM to attend El-Sisi's inauguration". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  176. ^ "El-Sisi receives Gambian delegation in Cairo". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  177. ^ "مديرة صندوق النقد الدولى تهنئ الرئيس عبد الفتاح السيسى بفوزه فى الانتخابات".
[edit]