Enrique Hertzog

Enrique Hertzog
Portrait of Hertzog, c. 1947–1949
42nd President of Bolivia
In office 10 March 1947 – 22 October 1949
Vice President	Mamerto Urriolagoitía
Preceded by	Tomás Monje
Succeeded by	Mamerto Urriolagoitía
Additional offices Minister of Labor, Health, and Social Security In office 16 September 1943 – 20 December 1943 President Enrique Peñaranda Preceded by Juan Manuel Balcázar [es] Succeeded by Víctor Andrade Uzquiano [es] Minister of War and Colonization In office 15 December 1932 – 30 November 1933 President Daniel Salamanca Preceded by Joaquín Espada Succeeded by José Antonio Quiroga [de] Minister of Development and Communications In office 25 October 1932 – 9 January 1933 President Daniel Salamanca Preceded by Agustín Villegas Succeeded by José G. Almaraz Minister of Government and Justice In office 9 March 1932 – 25 October 1932 President Daniel Salamanca Preceded by Luis Calvo Succeeded by Demetrio Canelas
Personal details
Born	José Enrique Hertzog Garaizábal (1897-11-10)10 November 1897 La Paz, Bolivia
Died	31 July 1981(1981-07-31) (aged 83) Buenos Aires, Argentina
Political party	Republican Socialist Unity (1946–1979)
Other political affiliations	Genuine Republican (before 1946)
Spouse	Edna Sánchez
Parent(s)	Enrique Hertzog Eduviges Garaizábal
Education	Higher University of San Andrés
Occupation	Physician politician
Signature

José Enrique Hertzog Garaizábal^[α] (10 November 1897 – 31 July 1981) was a Bolivian physician and politician who served as the 42nd president of Bolivia from 1947 to 1949.

Hertzog was born on 10 November 1897.^[1] A medical doctor by trade, Hertzog joined the Genuine Republican Party of Daniel Salamanca in the 1920s, and rose to become Minister of Public Information and Communications as well as Minister of War during the 1932–35 Chaco war against Paraguay, which Bolivia lost.

In 1947 elections he ran for president on a ticket of united Republican Party (Bolivia) factions (former Saavedrists, Genuines, etc.) calling themselves Republican Socialist Unity Party (Partido de la Unión Republicana Socialista [PURS]). He won against the Liberal leader Fernando Guachalla and the reformist candidate Víctor Paz Estenssoro, who led the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement).

Hertzog faced innumerable obstacles during his term, mostly in the form of constant rebellion from the lower sectors of society, as represented by striking miners and union workers. He was also saddled with the implacable opposition of Paz's MNR party and its allies, in addition to a declining economy. In essence, the attempt of the privileged sectors (led by Hertzog himself) to "turn back the clock" to the oligarchic pre-Chaco War status quo did not work. Rising expectations and demands from an increasingly activist and indeed, violent, popular class, combined with the unwillingness or inability of the governing elites to give concession that would undermine their power, led the country to the very brink of civil war. On 18 September 1947 he declared the state of siege.

Escalating repressive measures, such as arrest and deportation of many MNR leaders, only bred further discontent. When the legislative elections of 1949 confirmed the dramatic ascendancy of the parties of the Left, the PURS leadership lost trust in the relatively more conciliatory Hertzog's ability to control the situation. They forced his resignation for "reasons of (non-existing) illness" in favor of his far more combative vice-president, Mamerto Urriolagoitía.

A few months later Hertzog was named Bolivia's Ambassador to Spain. Following the 1952 Bolivian National Revolution that brought Paz Estenssoro's MNR party to power, the ex-President remained exiled in the Spanish capital, later moving to Buenos Aires, where he died.

Hertzog again ran for President of Bolivia in 1966 on behalf of remnants of the pre-Revolution parties which had formed Democratic Institutionalist Alliance against René Barrientos, but only got a small share of the vote.

• Cabinet of Enrique Hertzog

• Mesa José de; Gisbert, Teresa; and Carlos D. Mesa, Historia de Bolivia, 3rd edition., pp. 579–582.
• Gisbert, Carlos D. Mesa (2003). Presidentes de Bolivia: entre urnas y fusiles : el poder ejecutivo, los ministros de estado (in Spanish). Editorial Gisbert. pp. 344–347.

• Photographs of Enrique Hertzog in the digital archive of the La Paz Municipal Government [es]. (in Spanish).