The Ituzaingó Formation (Spanish : Formación Ituzaingó ), in older literature also described as Entre Ríos or Entrerriana Formation , is an extensive geological formation of Late Miocene (Tortonian , or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification ) age in the Paraná Basin of the Corrientes , Santa Fe and Entre Ríos Provinces in Mesopotamia , northeastern Argentina .[ 1] mudstones , cross-bedded sandstones and conglomerates deposited in a fluvio -deltaic environment and is renowned for the preservation of a rich fossil assemblage, including many mammals , birds , reptiles , fish , bivalves , foraminifera , ichnofossils and flora .
Map of the Paraná River drainage basin with the river indicated. Most outcrops of the Ituzaingó Formation flank the middle course of the Paraná River. The Ituzaingó Formation was first described by De Alba in 1953 and later by Herbst in 1971.[ 2] [ 3] Paraná River to 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Tostado .[ 4] Mesopotamia ), in the provinces of Corrientes , Santa Fe and Entre Ríos , among other locations along the banks of the Paraná River .[ 5]
The formation overlies the marine Paraná Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Puerto Alvear ,[ 6] Hernandarías and Yupoí Formations of Early Pleistocene (Uquian and Ensenadan respectively) age.[ 5] [ 7] [ 8] Timbúes Formation .[ 9] Rosario Formation .[ 10]
The formation contains a basal conglomeratic member "Conglomerado osífero" (bony conglomerate ) with abundant vertebrate remains.[ 11] Puelches Formation of the subsurface of Buenos Aires Province . According to the mammals occurring in the conglomerate and the stratigraphic relationships, the age of the base of Ituzaingo Formation is almost exclusively Tortonian (Late Miocene ) or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification.[ 12]
Depositional environment [ edit ] The formation, as the Paraná and Puelches Formations, has been deposited in a vast Miocene tidal flat environment.[ 13] [ 11]
Alternatively, the Conglomerado Osífero Member has been interpreted as tide -dominated fluvial channels, pertaining to the marine Paraná Formation.[ 14]
The Ituzaingó Formation has provided a large variety of fossils, of various groups, from mammals to birds and reptiles to fish and flora. The terrestrial fauna is predominant while a few marine genera are also present.[ 15] Honda Group at La Venta in Colombia, the Urumaco Formation at Urumaco in Venezuela and the Pebas Formation of the Amazon region of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil.[ 16] ground sloth genera present in the Ituzaingó Formation are endemic from this unit, whereas other are also present in the Arroyo Chasicó Formation of Buenos Aires Province , the Andalhuala and Corral Quemado Formations of Catamarca Province , and the Toro Negro Formation of La Rioja Province .[ 17]
Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes Eumysops E. parodii Notictis N. ortizi
Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes Cyonasua C. Argentina
Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes Protelphidium P. tuberculatum Ostrea O. sp.
Taxa Species Presence Abundance Description Images Notes Arenicolites
Huayquerian correlations [ edit ]
^ Ituzaingó Formation at Fossilworks .org^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.27 ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.28 ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.29 ^ a b Franco, 2014, p.16 ^ Brunetto, 2013, p.22 ^ Cione et al., 2000, p.195 ^ Cione et al., 2009, p.3 ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.41 ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.75 ^ a b Cione et al., 2005, p.49 ^ a b c d e f g h i Colonia La Celina at Fossilworks .org^ Torra, 2005, p.46 ^ Martín Pérez, 2013, p.291 ^ Martín Pérez, 2013, p.27 ^ Cione et al., 2005, p.58 ^ Brandoni, 2013, p.135 ^ a b c d e f g h i Paraná, Pueblo Brugo to Diamante, Ituzaingó Fm. Archived 2022-11-10 at the Wayback Machine at Fossilworks .org^ Noriega & Agnolin, 2008, pp.272-285 ^ Agnolin & Noriega, 2012 ^ a b c d e Ciudad de Paraná at Fossilworks .org^ a b Candela, 2005, pp.43–46 ^ a b Scillato et al., 2013, pp.119–120 ^ a b Góis et al., 2013, p.177 ^ Brandoni & Scillato, 2007, p.430 ^ Brandoni & Scillato, 2007, p.431 ^ Brandoni, 2008, p.14 ^ Brandoni, 2008, p.16 ^ Brandoni, 2011, p.36 ^ Brandoni, 2014, p.34 ^ Scheyer & Delfino, 2016, p.56 ^ a b Bona, P.; Barrios, F.; Ezcurra, M.D.; Victoria, M.; Blanco, F.; Cidade, G.M. (2024). "New taxa of giant caimans from the southernmost hyperdiverse wetlands of the South American late Miocene". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . 22 (1). doi :10.1080/14772019.2024.2375027 . ^ Cione et al., 2009, p.4 ^ Cione et al., 2013, p.70 ^ a b Cione et al., 2005, p.52 ^ Azpelicueta & Cione, 2016, p.221 ^ a b Torra, 2005, p.45 ^ Franco, 2018, p.646 ^ Franco, 2014, p.25 ^ Brea et al., 2013a, pp.45-47 ^ Brea et al., 2013b, p.4 ^ Franco & Brea, 2015, p.3 ^ Moya & Brea, 2020 El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina Brunetto, Ernesto; Noriega, Jorge I.; Brandoni, Diego (2013), "Sedimentología, estratigrafía y edad de la Formación Ituzaingó en la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina in El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina" , Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial , 14 : 13–27, retrieved 2018-10-08 Brea, Mariana; Franco, María Jimena; Zucol, Alejandro F. (2013a), "Paleoflora de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno Tardío), Cuenca Chaco-Paranaense, Argentina in El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina" (PDF) , Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial , 14 : 41–55, retrieved 2018-10-08 Cione, Alberto L.; Cabrera, Daniel A.; Azpelicueta, María de las Mercedes; Casciotta, Jorge R.; Barla, María Julia (2013), "Peces del Mioceno marino y continental en Entre Ríos, Oriente Central de Argentina in El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina" (PDF) , Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial , 14 : 65–77, retrieved 2018-10-08 Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Góis, Flávio; Zurita, Alfredo E.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; González Ruiz, Laureano R.; Krmpotic, Cecilia M.; Oliva, Cristian; Zamorano, Martín (2013), "Los Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del "Conglomerado Osífero" (Miocene tardío) de la Formación Ituzaingó de Entre Ríos, Argentina" (PDF) , Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina Publicación Especial , 14 : 118–134, retrieved 2018-10-08 Brandoni, Diego (2013), "Los Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del Mioceno Tardío de Entre Ríos, Argentina in El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina" , Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial , 14 : 135–144, retrieved 2018-10-08 Agnolín, Federico L.; Noriega, Jorge I. (2012), "Una nueva especie de ñandú (Aves: Rheidae) del Mioceno tardío de la Mesopotamia Argentina" , Ameghiniana 49 (2): 236–246, doi :10.5710/AMGH.v49i2(492) , hdl :11336/62660 , retrieved 2018-10-08 Azpelicueta, María de las Mercedes; Cione, Alberto Luis (2016), "A southern species of the tropical catfish genus Phractocephalus (Teleostei: Siluriformes) in the Miocene of South America" , Journal of South American Earth Sciences 67 : 221–230, doi :10.1016/j.jsames.2016.03.002 , hdl :11336/50146 , retrieved 2018-10-08 Brandoni, Diego (2014), "A new genus of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Miocene of Argentina" (PDF) , Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 17 : 33–42, doi :10.4072/rbp.2014.1.04 , retrieved 2018-10-08 Brandoni, Diego (2011), "The Megalonychidae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the late Miocene of Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, with remarks on their systematics and biogeography" , Geobios 44 : 33–44, doi :10.1016/j.geobios.2010.06.005 , hdl :11336/79978 , retrieved 2018-10-08 Brandoni, Diego (2008), "Nuevos materiales de Ortotheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megalonychidae) procedentes del "Mesopotamiense" (Mioceno tardío) de Entre Ríos" , Temas de la Biodiversidad del Litoral , 17 : 11–20, retrieved 2018-10-08 Brandoni, Diego; Scillato Yané, Gustavo J. (2007), "Los Megatheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) del Terciario de Entre Ríos, Argentina: aspectos taxonómicos y sistemáticos" , Ameghiniana 44 : 427–434, retrieved 2018-10-08 Brea, Mariana; Zucol, Alejandro F.; Franco, María Jimena (2013b), "A new Bambusoideae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Guaduinae) from the Ituzaingó Formation (Pliocene–Pleistocene), Entre Ríos, Argentina" , Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 192 : 1–9, doi :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.12.006 , hdl :11336/78560 , retrieved 2018-10-08 Candela, Adriana Magdalena (2005), "Los roedores del "Mesopotamiense" (Mioceno tardío, Formación Ituzaingó) de la provincia de Entre Ríos (Argentina)" (PDF) , Insugeo 14 : 37–48, retrieved 2018-10-08 Cione, L.A.; Dahdul, W.M.; Lundberg, J.G.; Machado Allison, A. (2009), "Megapiranha paranensis , a new genus and species of Serrasalmidae (Characiformes, Teleostei) from the upper Miocene of Argentina" , Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (2): 350–358, doi :10.1671/039.029.0221 , retrieved 2018-10-08 Cione, Alberto Luis; Casciotta, Jorge Rafael; Azpelicueta, María de las Mercedes; Barla, María Julia; Cozzuol, Mario Alberto (2005), "Peces marinos y continentales del Mioceno del área mesopotámica argentina. Edad y relaciones biogeográficas" (PDF) , Insugeo 14 : 49–64, retrieved 2018-10-08 Cione, A.L.; Azpelicueta, M.M.; Bond, M.; Carlini, A.A.; Casciotta, J.R.; Cozzuol, M.A.; Fuente, M.; Gasparini, Z.; Goin, J. Noriega, G.J. Scillato Yané, L. Soibelzon, E.P. Tonni, D. Verzi, and M.G. Vucetich, F.J. 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Huayquerian volcanoclastics
Huayquerian flora