Exophoria

Exophoria
SpecialtyOphthalmology

Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward.[1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another.[2]

The axis deviation in exophoria is usually mild compared with that of exotropia.

Cause

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Exophoria can be caused by several factors, which include:

These can be due to nerve, muscle, or congenital problems, or due to mechanical anomalies. Unlike exotropia, fusion is possible in this condition, causing diplopia to be uncommon.

Diagnosis

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Prevalence

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Exophoria is particularly common in infancy and childhood, and increases with age.[3][clarification needed]

References

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  1. ^ Allen, Edmund Turney (1899). The science of higher prisms. Harvard University: G. K. Hazlitt 6 Co., printer. p. 39.
  2. ^ Grosvenor, Theodore (2007). Primary Care Optometry 5th Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-7506-7575-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Freier BE, Pickwell LD (1983). "Physiological exophoria". Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 3 (3): 267–272. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1983.tb00613.x. PMID 6646761. S2CID 11180397.
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