Factorial prime

A factorial prime is a prime number that is one less or one more than a factorial (all factorials greater than 1 are even).^[1]

The first 10 factorial primes (for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14) are (sequence A088054 in the OEIS):

2 (0! + 1 or 1! + 1), 3 (2! + 1), 5 (3! − 1), 7 (3! + 1), 23 (4! − 1), 719 (6! − 1), 5039 (7! − 1), 39916801 (11! + 1), 479001599 (12! − 1), 87178291199 (14! − 1), ...

n! − 1 is prime for (sequence A002982 in the OEIS):

n = 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 30, 32, 33, 38, 94, 166, 324, 379, 469, 546, 974, 1963, 3507, 3610, 6917, 21480, 34790, 94550, 103040, 147855, 208003, ... (resulting in 27 factorial primes)

n! + 1 is prime for (sequence A002981 in the OEIS):

n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 11, 27, 37, 41, 73, 77, 116, 154, 320, 340, 399, 427, 872, 1477, 6380, 26951, 110059, 150209, 288465, 308084, 422429, ... (resulting in 24 factorial primes - the prime 2 is repeated)

No other factorial primes are known as of October 2022^[update].

When both n! + 1 and n! − 1 are composite, there must be at least 2n + 1 consecutive composite numbers around n!, since besides n! ± 1 and n! itself, also, each number of form n! ± k is divisible by k for 2 ≤ k ≤ n. However, the necessary length of this gap is asymptotically smaller than the average composite run for integers of similar size (see prime gap).

• Primorial prime

• Weisstein, Eric W. "Factorial Prime". MathWorld.
• The Top Twenty: Factorial primes from the Prime Pages
• Factorial Prime Search from PrimeGrid