File:Eight Allotropes of Carbon.svg

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العربية: بعض متآصلات الكربون:
  • a) ألماس؛
  • b) غرافيت؛
  • c) لونسداليت؛
  • d–f) فوليرينات؛
  • g) كربون لا بلوري;
  • h) أنبوب نانوي كربوني.
Български: Строеж на различни алотропни форми на въглерода
  • a: диамант
  • b: графит
  • c: лонсдейлит
  • d: фулерен – C60,
  • e: фулерен C540
  • f: фулерен C70
  • g: аморфен въглерод
  • h: въглеродна нанотръба
Bosanski: 8 alotropa ugljika:
  • a) dijamant
  • b) grafit
  • c) Lonsdaleit
  • d) C60 (Buckminsterfuleren ili buckylopta)
  • e) C540
  • f) C70
  • g) amorfni ugljik
  • h) jednozidna ugljična nanocijev ili buckycijev
Буряад: Нүүрһэнтүрэгшын 8 аллотропи:
  • a) Ошор
  • b) бал шулуу
  • c) лонсдэлеит
  • d) C60
  • e) C540
  • f) C70
  • g) аморф нүүрһэнтүрэгшэ
  • h) нанохоолой
Català: Representació de les estructures de les diverses formes al·lotròpiques del carboni.
  • a: diamant
  • b: grafit
  • c: diamant hexagonal
  • d: ful·lerè C60
  • i: ful·lerè C540
  • f: ful·lerè C70
  • g: carboni amorf
  • h: nanotub
Чӑвашла: Кăмрăк модификацисен схеми
  • a: кĕвер чул
  • b: графит
  • c: лонсдейлит
  • d: фуллерен — букибол C60
  • e: фуллерен C540
  • f: фуллерен C70
  • g: аморфла кăмрăк
  • h: кăмрăк нанопăрăхĕсем
Dansk: Nogle af carbons allotroper:
  • a) diamant
  • b) grafit
  • c) lonsdaleit;
  • d–f) fullerener (C60, C540, C70)
  • g) amorf carbon
  • h) carbon-nanorør
Deutsch: Acht Modifikation von Kohlenstoff
  • a) Diamant
  • b) Graphit
  • c) Lonsdaleit
  • d) Buckminsterfulleren (C60)
  • e) Fulleren C540
  • f) Fulleren C70
  • g) Amorpher Kohlenstoff
  • h) Einzelwandiges Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhrchen
Ελληνικά: Αλλοτροπικές μορφές του άνθρακα
  • a) διαμάντι
  • b) γραφίτης
  • c) λονσδαλεΐτης
  • d) φουλερένια C60
  • e) φουλερένια C540
  • f) φουλερένια C70
  • g) άμορφος άνθρακας
  • h) νανοσωλήνες άνθρακα
English: This illustration depicts eight of the allotropes (different molecular configurations) that pure carbon can take:
Esperanto: Ok alotrópicos de karbono:
  • a) diamanto
  • b) grafito
  • c) sesangulaĵo
  • d) fulereno (C60)
  • e) C540
  • f) C70
  • g) amorfa solido
  • h) nanotubo
Español: Ocho alótropos del carbono:
  • a) Diamante,
  • b) Grafito,
  • c) Lonsdaleíta,
  • d) C60 (Buckminsterfulereno o buckybola),
  • e) C540,
  • f) C70,
  • g) Carbono amorfo
  • h) nanotubo de carbono de pared simple o buckytubo.
Eesti: Süsiniku 8 allotroopi:
  • a) teemant
  • b) grafiit
  • c) heksagonaalne teemant
  • d) C60 fullereen
  • e) C540 fullereen
  • f) C70 fullereen
  • g) amorfne süsinik ja
  • h) süsiniknanotoru
Euskara: Karbono alotropoak
  • a) diamantea
  • b) grafitoa
  • c) londsdaleita
  • d) fullerenoak C60
  • e) fullerenoak C540
  • f) fullerenoak C70
  • g) karbono amorfoa
  • h) karbono nanohodia
فارسی: هشت دگرشکل از کربن:
  • a)الماس
  • b)گرافیت
  • c)لاندزیت
  • d)باکی‌بال(نوع خاصی از فولرین)
  • e)سی ۵۴۰
  • f)راگبی‌بال
  • g)کربن بی‌شکل
  • h)نانولوله کربنی تک دیواره
Français : Huit Formes allotropiques du carbone :
Gaeilge: Roinnt foirmeacha éagsúla allatrópacha atá ag an gcarbón:
  • a) an diamant
  • b) an ghraifít
  • c) an lonsdaeilít
  • d–f) na fullairéiní (C60 nó "millín Bucky", C540, C70)
  • g) carbón dímhorfach
  • h) nainfheadán carbóin
हिन्दी: चित्र में शुद्ध कार्बन के आठ अपरूप दिखाये गए हैं:
  • a) हीरा
  • b) ग्रेफाइट
  • c) लॉन्स्डैलियाइट
  • d) बकमिन्स्टरफ़ुलेरीन (C60)
  • e) C540
  • f) C70
  • g) अनाकार कार्बन
  • h) एकल-भित्ति कार्बन नैनो-ट्यूब
Hrvatski: Prikaz različitih alotropskih modifikacija ugljika:
  • a) dijamant
  • b) grafit
  • c) lonsdaleite
  • d-f) fulereni (C60, C540, C70)
  • g) amorfni ugljik
  • h) ugljična nanocjevčica
Magyar: A szén allotrop módosulatai:
  • a) Gyémánt
  • b) Grafit
  • c) Lonszdaleit
  • d) Nanofoci: C60
  • e) C540
  • f) C70
  • g) Amorf szén
  • h) Nanocső
Հայերեն: Ածխածնի տարբեր մոդիֆիկացիաների սխեմաների կառուցվածքը
  • a։ ալմաստ
  • b։ գրաֆիտ
  • c։ լոնսդեյլիտ
  • d։ Ֆուլերեն - բակիբոլ C60
  • e։ ֆուլերեն C540
  • f։ ֆուլերեն C70
  • g։ ամորֆ ածխածին
  • h։ Ածխածնային նանոխողովակներ
Bahasa Indonesia: Delapan alotrop karbon:
  • a) berlian
  • b) grafit
  • c) lonsdaleite
  • d) C60 buckminsterfullerene
  • e) C540, Fullerite
  • f) C70
  • g) karbon amorf
  • h) carbon nanotube dinding tunggal
Italiano: Varie forme allotropiche del carbonio:
  • a) Diamante
  • b) Grafite
  • c) Lonsdaleite
  • d) Buckminsterfullerene
  • e) Fullerene C540
  • f) Fullerene C70
  • g) Carbonio amorfo
  • h) Nanotubo
日本語: 炭素の同素体:
  • a:ダイヤモンド
  • b:グラファイト
  • c:ロンズデーライト
  • d,e,f:フラーレン
  • g:無定形炭素
  • h:カーボンナノチューブ
ქართული: ნახშირბადის სხვადასხვა მოდიფიკაციის აღნაგობის სქემები
  • a: ალმასი
  • b: გრაფიტი
  • c: ლონსდეილიტი
  • d: ფულერენ-ბუკიბოლი C60
  • e: ფულერენი C540
  • f: ფულერენი C70
  • g: ამორფული ნახშირბადი
  • h: ნახშირბადის ნონამილაკი
Қазақша: Схемы строения различных модификаций углерода
  • a: алмаз
  • b: графит
  • c: лонсдейлит
  • d: фуллерен — букибол C60
  • e: фуллерен C540
  • f: фуллерен C70
  • g: аморфный углерод
  • h: углеродная нанотрубка
한국어: 탄소 동소체:
  • a) 다이아몬드
  • b) 흑연
  • c) 론스달라이트
  • d–f) 풀러렌 (C60, C540, C70)
  • g) 비정질 탄소
  • h) 탄소 나노튜브
Polski: Odmiany węgla:
  • a) diament
  • b) grafit
  • c) Lonsdaleit
  • d) fuleren C60
  • e) fuleren C540
  • f) fuleren C70
  • g) węgiel amorficzny
  • h) nanorurka
IsiXhosa: Ezinye izakhiwo ze-carbon:
  • a) idayimani
  • b) i-graphite
  • c) i-lonsdaleite
  • d-f) i-fullerenes (C60, C540, C70)
  • g) i-amorphous carbon
  • h) i-carbon nanotube
中文:碳的八种同素异形体:
  • a 金刚石
  • b 石墨
  • c 蓝丝黛尔石(六方金刚石)
  • d C60
  • e C540
  • f C70
  • g 无定形碳
  • h 单层碳纳米管
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Author Andel
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This image was composed by rendering the crystal structures/simulations of the allotropes using VESTAS 3.4.6 (Momma, K. and Izumi, F. 2011. VESTA 3for three-dimensional visualization of crystal, volumetric and morphology data. Journal of Applied Crystallography 44(6), pp. 1272–1276. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889811038970.) and exporting the images as SVG. The individual images were combined, edited and annotated using Atom 1.38.0.

The structures were obtained from the following sources:

  • Diamond: Grenville-Wells, H.J. and Lonsdale, K. 1958. X-Ray Study of Laboratory-made Diamonds. Nature 181(4611), pp. 758–759. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/181758a0.
  • Graphite: Nyu.edu. (1996). MathMol. [online] Available at: https://www.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/ [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019].
  • Lonsdaleite: Mehl, M.J. et al. 2017. The AFLOW Library of Crystallographic Prototypes: Part 1. Computational Materials Science 136, pp. S1–S828. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2017.01.017.
  • C60: Hashmi, M.A. and Lein, M. 2018. Carbon Nano-onions as Photosensitizers: Stacking-Induced Red-Shift. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122(4), pp. 2422–2431. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b11421.
  • C540: Hashmi, M.A. and Lein, M. 2018. Carbon Nano-onions as Photosensitizers: Stacking-Induced Red-Shift. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122(4), pp. 2422–2431. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b11421.
  • C70: Rzepa, H., Locke, W., Harrison, K. and May, P. (n.d.). Molecules in Motion: An Active Chemical Exploratorium. [online] Ch.ic.ac.uk. Available at: http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/ [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019].
  • Amorphous carbon: Ricolleau, C. et al. 2013. Random vs realistic amorphous carbon models for high resolution microscopy and electron diffraction. Journal of Applied Physics 114(21), p. 213504. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4831669.
  • Single-walled carbon nanotube: Veiga, R., Tomanek, D. and Frederick, N. (n.d.). Nanotube Generator. [online] Nanotube.msu.edu. Available at: http://www.nanotube.msu.edu/tubeASP/ [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019].

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current15:51, 25 November 2021Thumbnail for version as of 15:51, 25 November 2021512 × 512 (68 KB)TSamuelCareful recompression via SVGOMG & checked via SVGCheck
12:27, 14 June 2019Thumbnail for version as of 12:27, 14 June 20191,000 × 1,000 (161 KB)Andel{{Information |description={{en|This illustration depicts eight of the allotropes (different molecular configurations) that pure carbon can take: *a) Diamond *b) Graphite *c) Lonsdaleite *d) C60 (Buckminsterfullerene) *e) C540 (see Fullerene) *f) C70 (see Fullerene) *g) Amorphous carbon *h) single-walled [[:en:carbon nanotube|car...

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