DescriptionPliobates fossils and reconstruction.webp | English: a, b cranium in inferior (a) and lateral (b) views; c–e left proximal radius in anterior (c), medial (d), and proximal (e) views; f–g left proximal humerus (mirrored) in anterior (f) and medial (g) views; h–i left distal humerus (mirrored) in anterior (h) and posterior (i) views; j left proximal ulna in anterior view; k–m left distal ulna in anterior (k), medial (l), and distal (m) views; n left capitate (mirrored) and o left hamate (mirrored) in radial views; p left triquetrum (mirrored) in proximal view; q right pisiform in radial view. Green numbers denote plesiomorphic (stem catarrhine-like) characters whereas brown numbers denote derived (crown hominoid-like) features, and are as follows: 1, short and incompletely ossified tubular ectotympanic; 2, low zygomatic root; 3, laterally facing bicipital tuberosity; 4, slightly tilted head with reduced lateral lip; 5, beveled surface for the zona conoidea; 6, almost circular head; 7, straight shaft; 8, somewhat retroflexed shaft proximally; 9, moderately globular capitulum; 10, well-developed zona conoidea; 11, poorly defined trochlear lateral keel; 12, lack of entepicondylar foramen; 13, lack of spool-shaped trochlea; 14, narrow trochlear notch without a median keel; 15, slender and hook-like styloid process; 16, more developed ulnar fovea; 17, expanded head with a two-faceted semilunar articulation; 18, facet for the second metacarpal divided by a deep groove for the carpo-metacarpal ligament; 19, small triquetrum relative to hamate size; 20, small facet for the styloid process. Scale = 1 cm. |
Author | Florian Bouchet, Clément Zanolli, Alessandro Urciuoli, Sergio Almécija, Josep Fortuny, Josep M. Robles, Amélie Beaudet, Salvador Moyà-Solà & David M. Alba |