First Battle of Homs

34°43′23″N 36°42′52″E / 34.723185°N 36.714462°E / 34.723185; 36.714462

1st Battle of Homs
Hulagu and his wife Dokuz Kathun
Date 10 December 1260 Location Homs Result Ayyubid-Mamluk Victory
Belligerents
Ilkhanate of the Mongol Empire	Mamluk Egypt Ayyubid emirate of Homs
Commanders and leaders
Baidur	Al-Ashraf Musa Al-Mansur
Strength
6,000 men	~1,400 men
Casualties and losses
Heavy	Unknown

The first Battle of Homs was fought in Homs, Syria, on December 10, 1260, between the Ilkhanids and the Muslim alliance of Syria.

After the Mamluk victory over the Ilkhanids at the Battle of Ain Jalut in September 1260, the whole of Syria, including Aleppo, fell into Mamluk hands.^[1] Furious at the defeat of Ain Jalut, Hulagu dispatched another army under Baidar, one of the Kitbuqa generals and a survivor of Ain Jalut.^[2] On November, 1260, the Mongol forces managed to recapture Aleppo. Alerted of this, the Ayyubid ruler of Homs, Al-Ashraf Musa, formed a coalition with the Emir of Hama, Al-Mansur, and the Mamluk Emirs of Aleppo.^[3][4]

The Mongol forces encountered the Muslims at Homs, near the tomb of the Arab commander, Khalid ibn al-Walid. The Mongol army consisted of 6,000 men, while the Muslim army had only 1,400 men. The Mongols formed eight formations with a force of 1,000 men at front, while the rest arranged behind it. The Muslims were divided into three groups: the center led by Al-Ashraf, the right under Al-Mansur, and the left under the Emirs of Aleppo.^[5]

Little is known about the battle, although Muslim sources state that fog and heat strained the Mongols. In the end, the Muslim coalition emerged victorious in the battle, and the Bedouin leader, Zamil bin Ali, attacked the Mongols from the rear, contributing to the Mongol defeat. The majority of the Mongols were killed or captured.^[6]

The victory at Homs increased the confidence of the Muslims against the Mongols, which some Mamluk chronicles considered a more important victory than Ain Jalut.^[7] The Ayyubid presence in Syria soon came to an end after this battle.^[8]

• Second Battle of Homs (1281)
• Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar (1299/1300)

• Spencer C. Tucker (2019), Middle East Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century.[1]
• Kenneth M. Setton (1969), A History of the Crusades, Vol. II.[2]
• David Abulafia (1995), The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 5, C.1198-c.1300.[3]