Flora of Montserrat

The flora of Montserrat consists of almost 1200 vascular plant species^[1] and a currently unknown number of bryophytes. The flora is consistent with neighboring islands of the Lesser Antilles. There are three endemic species described, one of which is presumed extinct in the aftermath of the volcanic eruption beginning in 1995.

Montserrat has not been thoroughly botanized, and while the first checklist for the island was presented in Richard Howard's Flora of the Lesser Antilles,^[2] Montserrat was neither a significant focus nor thoroughly surveyed. In recent years, there has been an increase in botanical activity in Montserrat, but the results of this research have yet to be published outside of a web-hosted database.^[3] For an island in an area known for its biodiversity, relatively few species have been collected. Additionally, most collections from the island were made before the current volcanic activity, necessitating further research. Since 2010, botanists from Kew Botanic Gardens and Bard College at Simon's Rock have been adding to the collections made.

Due to its topographical variation, Montserrat is host to diverse ecological environments. The Eastern side of the island is dry and predominantly populated by plants in the genus Acacia, while the central and Western parts of the island, particularly the Centre Hills Nature Preserve, includes tropical rainforests and cloud forests at high elevations.^[4]

More than 1100 vascular plants have been recorded on Montserrat, almost 1000 of which are angiosperms. There are three described endemics: an epiphytic orchid (Epidendrum montserratense),^[5] a woody plant in the coffee family known by the common name "pribby" (Rondeletia buxifolia),^[6] and a treelet in the willow family (Xylosma serrata).^[7] X. serrata is possibly extinct, as it has not been observed since its habitat was buried in pyroclastic flow.^[8]

Only two gymnosperms have been recorded on Montserrat: Araucaria heterophylla and Podocarpus coriaceus. Of the ferns recorded, there are four tree ferns in the family Cyatheaceae and sixteen filmy ferns, among over 100 others. Nine species of Lycophytes have been recorded.