French
DeutschFuyu County, Heilongjiang
Fuyu County 富裕县 | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Fuyu Location in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates: 47°48′N 124°28′E / 47.800°N 124.467°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Prefecture-level city | Qiqihar |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,335 km2 (1,674 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
• Total | 276,537 |
| • Density | 64/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Fuyu (Chinese: 富裕; pinyin: Fùyù) is a county of western Heilongjiang province, China, under the administration of Qiqihar City.[1] Various economic crops and the milk are produced in the fertile land.[citation needed] The county has an area of 4,026 square kilometres (1,554 sq mi), and has a population of approximately 300,000 inhabitants, per a 2023 government publication.[2]
Toponymy
[edit]Fuyu County is named after the nearby Wuyur River, which derives from a Jurchen word for waterlogged depression.[1] The county's name been transcribed into Chinese in a number of different ways, such as Wuyur (Chinese: 乌裕尔; pinyin: Wūyù'ěr), Huyur (Chinese: 呼裕尔; pinyin: Hūyù‘ěr), Huyur (Chinese: 瑚裕尔; pinyin: Húyù'ěr), and Wuyur (Chinese: 乌雨尔; pinyin: Wūyǔ'ěr).[1]
History
[edit]The area of present-day Fuyu County was once inhabited by the Sushen.[1]
The area also once belonged to the kingdom of Buyeo, and later Dumakru.[1]
The area would later be inhabited by the Heishui Mohe.[1]
The Liao dynasty then conquered the area, and placed it under Dongjing Circuit, which was then administered by Changchun Prefecture.[1]
Under the Jin dynasty, the area was administered as Puyu Road.[1]
Following the Jin dynasty, the area was ruled by the Yuan dynasty.[1]
Under the Ming dynasty, which followed the Yuan, the area was administered as part of the Nurgan Regional Military Commission.[1]
During the Qing dynasty, the area was administered as part of Qiqihar.[1] In 1685, Qing settlers established a settlement in contemporary Fuyu, known as Dalaiketun (Chinese: 大来克屯; pinyin: Dàláikètún).[1] Towards the end of the Qing dynasty, the region was put under the administration of Longjiang Fu and Yikeming'an Banner.[1]
On March 19, 1929, the Republic of China reorganized the area as Fuyu Administrative Bureau, an Administrative Bureau.[1]
On October 1, 1933, the puppet state of Manchukuo established Fuyu County.[1] Since then, the county has changed provinces numerous times, and has changed prefecture a number of times, until December 15, 1984, when it was placed under Qiqihar, which has remained since.[1]
Administrative divisions
[edit]Fuyu County is divided into six towns, three townships, and one ethnic township.[3]
The county's six towns are Fuyu, Fulu, Fuhai, Erdaowan, Long'anqiao, and Taha.[3]
The county's three townships are Fanrong Township, Shaowen Township, and Zhonghou Township.[3]
The county's sole ethnic township is Youyi Daur, Manchu, and Kirghiz Ethnic Township.[3]
Geography
[edit]Fuyu County is located on the left bank of the middle reaches of the Nen River, to the north of Qiqihar's urban core, and the adjacent prefecture-level city of Daqing.[2] Qiqihar's downtown is located 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the southwest.[citation needed] Fuyu County is bordered by Yi'an County to the east, Gannan County to the west across Nen River, and the county-level city of Nehe to the north.[2]
Topography
[edit]Fuyu County's elevation is higher in the northeast, and lower in the southwest, and the county has an average elevation of 185 metres (607 ft) above sea level.[2]
Fauna
[edit]Wild animals common in Fuyu County include wolves, foxes, rabbits, red-crowned cranes, storks, and the scaly-sided merganser.[2] Common sea creatures in Fuyu County include Asian carp, goldfish, and catfish.[2]
Climate
[edit]Fuyu has a cold, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with four distinct seasons. It has long, bitterly cold, dry winters and very warm, rainy summers.
| Climate data for Fuyu (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) | 9.7 (49.5) | 20.7 (69.3) | 28.8 (83.8) | 35.8 (96.4) | 40.7 (105.3) | 38.1 (100.6) | 35.5 (95.9) | 33.3 (91.9) | 26.8 (80.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 5.3 (41.5) | 40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −13.5 (7.7) | −7.5 (18.5) | 1.9 (35.4) | 12.9 (55.2) | 21.1 (70.0) | 26.3 (79.3) | 28.0 (82.4) | 25.9 (78.6) | 20.4 (68.7) | 11.0 (51.8) | −2.0 (28.4) | −12.0 (10.4) | 9.4 (48.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −19.3 (−2.7) | −14.1 (6.6) | −4.3 (24.3) | 6.6 (43.9) | 14.8 (58.6) | 20.7 (69.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 14.3 (57.7) | 5.0 (41.0) | −7.3 (18.9) | −17.1 (1.2) | 3.6 (38.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −23.9 (−11.0) | −19.8 (−3.6) | −10.2 (13.6) | 0.3 (32.5) | 8.2 (46.8) | 15.0 (59.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 16.2 (61.2) | 8.9 (48.0) | −0.1 (31.8) | −11.7 (10.9) | −21.4 (−6.5) | −1.7 (29.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.5 (−37.3) | −36.4 (−33.5) | −27.7 (−17.9) | −12.8 (9.0) | −3.9 (25.0) | 2.7 (36.9) | 9.2 (48.6) | 7.4 (45.3) | −2.7 (27.1) | −16.4 (2.5) | −27.9 (−18.2) | −35.1 (−31.2) | −38.5 (−37.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.6 (0.10) | 3.1 (0.12) | 6.0 (0.24) | 17.3 (0.68) | 35.7 (1.41) | 80.1 (3.15) | 136.0 (5.35) | 102.6 (4.04) | 50.9 (2.00) | 18.3 (0.72) | 6.2 (0.24) | 5.5 (0.22) | 464.3 (18.27) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.1 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 8.8 | 11.4 | 13.7 | 11.6 | 8.9 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 6.2 | 87.1 |
| Average snowy days | 6.8 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | 6.2 | 8.5 | 36.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 69 | 64 | 53 | 47 | 49 | 63 | 75 | 77 | 68 | 59 | 63 | 69 | 63 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 176.8 | 206.8 | 251.6 | 235.7 | 246.9 | 234.1 | 226.1 | 224.8 | 226.8 | 209.4 | 170.9 | 153.4 | 2,563.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 64 | 71 | 68 | 57 | 52 | 49 | 47 | 52 | 61 | 63 | 62 | 59 | 59 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[6] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]Ethnic groups
[edit]The county is home to 17 different ethnic groups: Han Chinese, Manchu, Daur, Fuyu Kyrgyz, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Korean, Xibe, Yao, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Uygur.[7] The Han Chinese comprise 95.5% of the county's population.[2] Much of the county's ethnic minorities live in villages clustered together, such as Manchus living in the village of Sanjiazi (Chinese: 三家子; Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo), Kyrgyz living in Wujiazi (Chinese: 五家子), Daurs living in Dengke (Chinese: 登科) and other villages, and Mongols living in Daxiaoquanzi (Chinese: 大小泉子).[7]
Manchu
[edit]Fuyu County is home to approximately 7,000 Manchu people, most of whom live in the villages of Damagang (Chinese: 大马岗), Xiaomagang (Chinese: 小马岗), and Dagaoliang (Chinese: 大高粱).[7] The town of Taha hosts an annual Manchu sports festival, which includes horse racing, wrestling, archery, a competition in the traditional Manchu sport of pearl ball (Chinese: 珍珠球), and other events.[7]
Daur
[edit]Fuyu County's government estimates that there are approximately 6,000 Daur people living in the county, and that the county's Daur population migrated to the area during the 1750s.[7]
Villages in Fuyu County with large amounts of Daur people include Dengke (Chinese: 登科) Dongji (Chinese: 东极), Dahazhou (Chinese: 大哈洲), Liangchufang (Chinese: 两出房), Shiwuli (Chinese: 十五里), Dongtaha (Chinese: 东塔哈), Xiaogaoliang (Chinese: 小高粱), Xitaha (Chinese: 西塔哈), Kumu (Chinese: 库木), Jiqibao (Chinese: 吉期堡) and Fufeng (Chinese: 富丰).[7]
Mongol
[edit]Fuyu County is home to over 2,000 Mongols, who are predominantly Oirats.[7] The county's Mongol population is largely concentrated in the villages of Daquanzi (Chinese: 大泉子), Xiaoquanzi (Chinese: 小泉子), Chenjiazi (Chinese: 陈家子), Bajiazi (Chinese: 八家子), and Sanjianfang (Chinese: 三间房).[7]
Fuyu Kyrgyz
[edit]The largely Fuyu Kyrgyz village of Wujiazi is the largest concentration of Kyrgyz people in China, outside of Xinjiang.[7] Of the 653 people who live in the village, 219 (33.54%) are Kyrgyz.[7] Fuyu County as a whole has 1,400 Kyrgyz people.[7] The Fuyu Kyrgyz are separate from the other Kyrgyz ethnic group (see the Fuyu Kyrgyz language classification), but they are usually listed as Kyrgyz by the authorities.
Languages
[edit]Sanjiazi (三家子; Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo) in Fuyu County is one of the few villages whose elderly inhabitants are considered to being the last native speakers of Manchu.[7][8] The village's school offers courses in Manchu.[7]
The Fuyu Kyrgyz language is spoken in Fuyu County. It is not a variety of Kyrgyz, but is closer to the Siberian modern Khakas and the ancient language of the Yenisei Kyrgyz.[citation needed]
Economy
[edit]Agriculture in Fuyu County is significant. Major crops grown within Fuyu County include soybeans, maize, wheat, rice, sorghum, millet, sugar beets, potatoes, sunflowers, and various vegetables.[2] Common livestock in Fuyu County include dairy cows, beef cattle, pigs, sheep, and poultry.[2]
Mineral resources in Fuyu County include sand, gravel, clay, peat, mineral water, quartz, chalk, and agate.[2]
Transportation
[edit]The Qiqihar–Bei'an railway and the Qiqihar–Jiagedaqi railway (Chinese: 齐加铁路; pinyin: Qí–Jiā tiělù) both run through Fuyu County.[2] Major roads servicing Fuyu County include the G11 Hegang–Dalian Expressway and Heilongjiang Provincial Road S302.[2]
See also
[edit]- Aihui District, home to the village of Dawujia, which also boasts native Manchu speakers
- Daur people
- Fuyu Kyrgyz people
- Manchu people
- Sanjiazi
External links
[edit]- Official website of Fuyu County Government
- 51yala.com map of Fuyu County (in Chinese)[permanent dead link]
- onegreen.net map of Fuyu County (in Chinese)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p 富裕县历史沿革 [Fuyu County Organizational History]. xzqh.org (in Chinese). 2012-11-08. Archived from the original on 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l 富裕概况 [Fuyu Overview]. www.fuyu.gov.cn (in Chinese). Fuyu County People's Government. 2023-06-13. Archived from the original on 2024-01-08. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
- ^ a b c d 2020年统计用区划代码（富裕县） [2020 Statistical Division Codes (Fuyu County)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ 枣阳 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m 民俗宗教 [Folklore and Religion] (in Chinese). Fuyu County People's Government. Archived from the original on 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
- ^ "A Sanjiazi trip report". Archived from the original on 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2010-04-19.