Gaetano Martino

Gaetano Martino
President of the European Parliament
In office 27 March 1962 – 21 March 1964
Preceded by	Hans Furler
Succeeded by	Jean Duvieusart
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 19 September 1954 – 6 May 1957
Prime Minister	Mario Scelba Antonio Segni
Preceded by	Attilio Piccioni
Succeeded by	Giuseppe Pella
Minister of Public Education
In office 10 February 1954 – 19 September 1954
Prime Minister	Mario Scelba
Preceded by	Egidio Tosato
Succeeded by	Giuseppe Ermini
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
In office 8 May 1948 – 21 July 1967
Constituency	Catania
Member of the Constituent Assembly
In office 25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948
Constituency	Catania
Personal details
Born	(1900-11-25)25 November 1900 Messina, Kingdom of Italy
Died	21 July 1967(1967-07-21) (aged 66) Rome, Italy
Political party	Liberal
Spouse	Alberta Stagno d'Alcontres
Children	3 sons, including Antonio
Alma mater	Sapienza University of Rome
Profession	Physician, teacher

Gaetano Martino (25 November 1900 – 21 July 1967) was an Italian politician, physician, and university teacher.

Gaetano Martino was born in 1900 in Messina, Sicily, son of its Mayor Antonino Martino. He graduated in medicine to the Sapienza University of Rome in 1923. He worked as physician for Saint-Antoine Hospital in Paris.^[1] In 1934, he became teacher to the University of Messina, and later was also dean of the University from 1943 to 1954. From 1966 to 1967, Martino was also dean of the Sapienza University of Rome.

Martino was a prominent Liberal politician. He was elected in 1948 to the Chamber of Deputies, becoming briefly Minister of Public Education in 1954, under Christian Democrat Mario Scelba. In the late 1954, Martino became Minister of Foreign Affairs after the replacement of Attilio Piccioni, involved in the Montesi Affair.^[1] He maintained his Ministry also during the Antonio Segni's Cabinet (1954-1957), but was finally removed from office by new Prime Minister Adone Zoli.^[2]

As Minister of Foreign Affairs, Martino promoted a better European integration and internationalism, first with the Messina Conference in 1955. In 1956, he obtained the Italian acceptance to the United Nations. In the same year Martino, along with Halvard Lange from Norway and Lester Pearson from Canada, became a "sage" of the NATO, promoting its involvement in civil areas.^[3] Martino also attended the Treaty of Rome in 1957, establishing the European Economic Community.

In 1956, the newspaper La Repubblica published an article where Martino said that investigations on the German war crimes in Italy during World War II would have a negative impact on the Germany's integration in Europe, like an internal disapprove of the NATO. In 1994, with discovery in a military base of an armoire with secret documents on Nazi war crimes in Italy, nickname "Armoire of Shame" ("Armadio della Vergogna"), emerged that Martino blocked the investigations to avoid a German isolation during Cold War.^[4]

For his role in the European integration, Martino was elected President of the European Parliament in 1962. He also continued to serve as Deputy in the Italian Chamber until his death in July 1967.

Election	House	Constituency	Party		Votes	Result
1946	Constituent Assembly	Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna		UDN	30,332	Y Elected
1948	Chamber of Deputies	Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna		BN	28,464	Y Elected
1953	Chamber of Deputies	Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna		PLI	40,671	Y Elected
1958	Chamber of Deputies	Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna		PLI	55,475	Y Elected
1963	Chamber of Deputies	Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna		PLI	61,627	Y Elected

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