Galactosylceramidase

GALC
Identifiers
Aliases	GALC, entrez:2581, galactosylceramidase
External IDs	OMIM: 606890; MGI: 95636; HomoloGene: 124; GeneCards: GALC; OMA:GALC - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 14 (human)
End	87,993,665 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (mouse)
End	98,225,718 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	bronchial epithelial cell; ; jejunal mucosa; ; glomerulus; ; metanephric glomerulus; ; germinal epithelium; ; optic nerve; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; duodenum; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; inferior ganglion of vagus nerve;
	Top expressed in
	stroma of bone marrow; ; human kidney; ; epithelium of lens; ; submandibular gland; ; right kidney; ; granulocyte; ; iris; ; seminiferous tubule; ; gastrula; ; ciliary body;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hydrolase activity; hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds; galactosylceramidase activity; catalytic activity;
Cellular component	lysosome; lysosomal lumen;
Biological process	lipid catabolic process; metabolism; galactosylceramide catabolic process; glycosphingolipid metabolic process; lipid metabolism; sphingolipid metabolic process; myelination;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2581
	14420
	ENSG00000054983
	ENSMUSG00000021003
	P54803
	P54818
	NM_000153; NM_001037525; NM_001201401; NM_001201402
	NM_008079
	NP_000144; NP_001188330; NP_001188331
	NP_032105
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

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PMC	articles
PubMed	articles
NCBI	proteins

Galactosylceramidase
Galactosylceramidase
Identifiers
EC no.	3.2.1.46
CAS no.	9027-89-8
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / QuickGO
PMC
Search
PMC	articles
PubMed	articles
NCBI	proteins

Galactosylceramidase (or galactocerebrosidase), EC 3.2.1.46, is an enzyme that removes galactose from ceramide derivatives (galactosylceramides) by catalysing the hydrolysis of galactose ester bonds of galactosylceramide, galactosylsphingosine, lactosylceramide, and monogalactosyldiglyceride.^[1]

It is a lysosomal protein, encoded in humans by the GALC gene.^[1]^[2] Mutations in this gene have been associated with Krabbe disease, also known as galactosylceramide lipidosis.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Entrez Gene: galactosylceramidase".
^ Lee WC, Tsoi YK, Troendle FJ, et al. (August 2007). "Single-dose intracerebroventricular administration of galactocerebrosidase improves survival in a mouse model of globoid cell leukodystrophy". FASEB J. 21 (10): 2520–2527. doi:10.1096/fj.06-6169com. PMID 17403939. S2CID 19511563.

Lee WC, Kang D, Causevic E, et al. (2010). "Molecular characterization of mutations that cause globoid cell leukodystrophy and pharmacological rescue using small molecule chemical chaperones". J. Neurosci. 30 (16): 5489–5497. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6383-09.2010. PMC 3278277. PMID 20410102.
Wenger DA, Rafi MA, Luzi P (1997). "Molecular genetics of Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy): diagnostic and clinical implications". Hum. Mutat. 10 (4): 268–279. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)10:4<268::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-D. PMID 9338580. S2CID 36148722.
De Gasperi R, Gama Sosa MA, Sartorato EL, et al. (1996). "Molecular heterogeneity of late-onset forms of globoid-cell leukodystrophy". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 59 (6): 1233–1242. PMC 1914878. PMID 8940268.
Tappino B, Biancheri R, Mort M, et al. (2010). "Identification and characterization of 15 novel GALC gene mutations causing Krabbe disease". Hum. Mutat. 31 (12): E1894–1914. doi:10.1002/humu.21367. PMC 3052420. PMID 20886637.
Formichi P, Radi E, Battisti C, et al. (2007). "Psychosine-induced apoptosis and cytokine activation in immune peripheral cells of Krabbe patients". J. Cell. Physiol. 212 (3): 737–743. doi:10.1002/jcp.21070. PMID 17458901. S2CID 39182882.
Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
Franke A, McGovern DP, Barrett JC, et al. (2010). "Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci". Nat. Genet. 42 (12): 1118–1125. doi:10.1038/ng.717. PMC 3299551. PMID 21102463.
Wenger DA, Rafi MA, Luzi P, et al. (2000). "Krabbe disease: genetic aspects and progress toward therapy". Mol. Genet. Metab. 70 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1006/mgme.2000.2990. PMID 10833326.
Lissens W, Arena A, Seneca S, et al. (2007). "A single mutation in the GALC gene is responsible for the majority of late onset Krabbe disease patients in the Catania (Sicily, Italy) region". Hum. Mutat. 28 (7): 742. doi:10.1002/humu.9500. PMID 17579360. S2CID 1705020.
Beier UH, Görögh T (2005). "Implications of galactocerebrosidase and galactosylcerebroside metabolism in cancer cells". Int. J. Cancer. 115 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1002/ijc.20851. PMID 15657896. S2CID 1013550.
Xu C, Sakai N, Taniike M, et al. (2006). "Six novel mutations detected in the GALC gene in 17 Japanese patients with Krabbe disease, and new genotype-phenotype correlation". J. Hum. Genet. 51 (6): 548–554. doi:10.1007/s10038-006-0396-3. PMID 16607461.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–2127. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
De Gasperi R, Gama Sosa MA, Sartorato E, et al. (1999). "Molecular basis of late-life globoid cell leukodystrophy". Hum. Mutat. 14 (3): 256–262. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)14:3<256::AID-HUMU9>3.0.CO;2-6. PMID 10477434. S2CID 27655.
Furuya H, Kukita Y, Nagano S, et al. (1997). "Adult onset globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease): analysis of galactosylceramidase cDNA from four Japanese patients". Hum. Genet. 100 (3–4): 450–456. doi:10.1007/s004390050532. PMID 9272171. S2CID 22928816.
Fu L, Inui K, Nishigaki T, et al. (1999). "Molecular heterogeneity of Krabbe disease". J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 22 (2): 155–162. doi:10.1023/A:1005449919660. PMID 10234611. S2CID 24368901.
Sakai N, Fukushima H, Inui K, et al. (1998). "Human galactocerebrosidase gene: promoter analysis of the 5'-flanking region and structural organization". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1395 (1): 62–67. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(97)00140-1. PMID 9434153.
Harzer K, Knoblich R, Rolfs A, et al. (2002). "Residual galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) beta-galactosidase activities and associated GALC mutations in late and very late onset Krabbe disease". Clin. Chim. Acta. 317 (1–2): 77–84. doi:10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00791-4. PMID 11814461.
Flachsbart F, Franke A, Kleindorp R, et al. (2010). "Investigation of genetic susceptibility factors for human longevity - a targeted nonsynonymous SNP study". Mutat. Res. 694 (1–2): 13–19. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.08.006. PMID 20800603.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Hendrickson SL, Lautenberger JA, Chinn LW, et al. (2010). "Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression". PLOS ONE. 5 (9): e12862. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...512862H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012862. PMC 2943476. PMID 20877624.

External links

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Krabbe disease
OMIM entries on Krabbe disease
Galactosylceramidase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Mlouse Galactocerebrosidase

This EC 3.2 enzyme-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000054983 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021003 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-1] "Entrez Gene: galactosylceramidase".

[pmid17403939-2] Lee WC, Tsoi YK, Troendle FJ, et al. (August 2007). "Single-dose intracerebroventricular administration of galactocerebrosidase improves survival in a mouse model of globoid cell leukodystrophy". FASEB J. 21 (10): 2520–2527. doi:10.1096/fj.06-6169com. PMID 17403939. S2CID 19511563.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-3] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000054983 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-4] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021003 – Ensembl, May 2017

[5] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[6] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

Galactosylceramidase

References

Further reading

External links