This article gives an overview of well-known professional and amateur players of the board game Go throughout the ages. The page has been divided into sections based on the era in which the Go players played and the country in which they played. As this was not necessarily their country of birth, a flag of that country precedes every player's name. For a complete list of player articles, see Category:Go players.
The important dates that this separation is based on are:
The demise of the houses in the Meiji Period (end 19th century) followed by their replacement by the Nihon Kiin in 1924.
The start of international tournament Go in 1989
A Japanese census on Go players performed in 2002 estimates that over 24 million people worldwide play Go,[1] most of whom live in Asia. Most of the players listed on this article are professionals, though some top level amateurs have been included. Players famous for achievements outside Go are listed in their own section.
First recorded Wei Qi player. He was commonly known as Qiu (秋) the Wei Qi player (Yi 弈, which is the original name of Wei Qi). He was a native of the state Qi 齊 and mentioned by Mencius (372 BC – 289 BC) in 《孟子·告子章句上》: 今夫弈之为数，小数也。不专心致志，则不得也。弈秋，通国之善弈者也。使弈秋诲二人弈，其一人专心致志，惟弈秋之为听；一人虽听之，一心以为有鸿鹄将至，思援弓缴而射之，虽与俱学，弗若之矣！ He was called "通国之善弈者", literally "the finest Yi player of the whole state", i.e. Guoshou.
Member of the delegates of Northern Wei to Southern Qi, he played a Wei Qi match against Wang Kang under the order of Southern Qi's Wu Emperor Xiao Ze(齊武帝蕭賾, reign 482 CE – 493 CE), and won the match (recorded in <<北史·魏书·蒋少游传>>.
Member of the delegates of Northern Wei to Southern Qi, he played a Wei Qi match against Wang Kang under the order of Southern Qi's Wu Emperor Xiao Ze(齊武帝蕭賾, reign 482 CE – 493 CE), and won the match (recorded in <<北史·魏书·蒋少游传>>.
Emperor Wu of Southern Liang dynasty, personal name Xiao Yan, was a member of the Xiao clan of Lang Ning and founder of the Southern Liang dynasty. His reign was 502 CE – 549 CE), famous for his Wei Qi skill, he was recorded in his bibliography as yi pin (strong 1 pin) by later historian in 《梁书·武帝纪》.
In the 17th, 18th and 19th century, Go was popular in both Japan (Edo period) and China (period of the Qing dynasty). In Korea, a Go variant called Sunjang baduk was played.[2]
At the start of the Tokugawa Shogunate, four Go academies were established. This table lists all heads of these houses, as well as some that were appointed heir but died before they became head of the house. Tokugawa also established the post of Godokoro (minister of Go), which was awarded to the strongest player of a generation. Such players were dubbed Meijin (brilliant man), which was considered equal to a 9 dan professional grade.[3] Over the 300-year period covered here, only ten players received the title of Meijin. Several other players (16 total) received the title of Jun-Meijin (half-Meijin), which is considered to equal an 8 dan professional grade and listed as such below. In some houses it was the custom that the head of the house was always named the same according to the iemoto system (家元). All heads of the house Inoue (井上) were named Inseki (因碩), heads of the house Yasui (安井 ) were named Senkaku (仙角) from the 4th head onward, and heads of the house Hayashi (林) were named Monnyu (門入) from the second head onward. To distinguish between these players, the names listed below are the names they had before becoming head of their house, or after their retirement. The house Honinbo (本因坊) had no such tradition, although heads would often take one character from the name of their predecessor into their own name, notably the character Shu (秀) from the 14th head onward.
Better known by his scholar name Guo Bai-Nian 過百齡 or Guo Bo-Nian過伯齡. Ancestor of Guo Ti-sheng 過惕生(1907–1989), teacher of Nie Hui-Ping. Author of Wei Qi classic 《官子譜》,《三子譜》 and 《四子譜》.
Native of Haining, Zhejiang Province. Played 13 games with Shi Xiping in which 10 games survived in records, with score 5–5. Author of 《桃花泉弈譜》,《二子譜》and《四子譜》.
Better known by his scholar name Shi Xiangxia 施襄夏 and pen name Shi Ding-En 施定庵. Also Native of Haining, Zhejiang Province.
*Players could achieve the level of Guoshou (literally National Hand), which is best in the nation and ranked 1 pin 品. This title is a derivation of Mencius description of Yi Qiu (弈秋), Qiu the Yi player in 《孟子·告子章句上》: 今夫弈之为数，小数也。不专心致志，则不得也。弈秋，通国之善弈者也。使弈秋诲二人弈，其一人专心致志，惟弈秋之为听；一人虽听之，一心以为有鸿鹄将至，思援弓缴而射之，虽与俱学，弗若之矣！as being "通国之善弈者", literally the finest Yi player of the whole nation. It is considered to be equal to the Japanese title of Meijin. The term Qi Sheng (棋圣) was first mentioned by Ge Hong (葛洪) in 《抱朴子》：“棋之无敌者，则谓之棋圣。” The literal meaning is the Invincible Qi player is called the Saint of Qi (Qi Sheng). Note that both Guoshou and Qisheng were not tournament winner titles; instead they were honorific titles used by Wei Qi players and historians respectively to refer to the best players who were invincible in highest graded tournaments. Guoshou was the normal term used to refer to the promo player while he was alive, whereas Qisheng was used more as posthumous fame. The ranking of players began in West Han dynasty (2nd century BCE) and formally recognized by the Governments during the North and South Dynasties Period (3rd to 6th century CE). There were 9 ranks called pin 品 in the system,[citation needed] the same as the ranking system for government officials. The lowest rank was 9 pin, then 8 pin, etc. up to 1 pin.[citation needed] The difference of the lower 5 pin was about 1 zi (子, piece or stone), and the difference between the top 4 pin was half zi.[citation needed]
Wu Qingyuan in Chinese. He is considered to be one of the greatest players of all time. He had a superb match play record, before the current era dominated by annual titles. Co-author of the groundbreaking work on the opening theory, Shinfuseki.
Cho Chihun in Korean, is among the best players of the 20th century. He won almost half (29 out of 60) of the biggest 3 titles (Honinbo, Kisei, and Meijin tournaments) in 1980–1999, including ten consecutive Honinbo titles for which he is accorded the title of 25th Honinbo. The first to hold all 3 at the same time and the first to have won all seven titles. Passed Sakata in late 2002 for most titles in Japan; thus far have won 70 titles. Affiliate of the Nihon Ki-In.
is the only (as of February 2008[update]) non-Asian (American) to attain rank of 9-dan. TV commentator for the Japanese network NHK. Affiliate of the Nihon Ki-In.
Has one of the best track records in international tournaments for Japan, having won Samsung Fire Cup and being runners-up in Ing Cup, both in 1996. Affiliate of the Nihon Ki-In.
Won the World Amateur Go Championship in 2000. Promoted to professional at age 28 after winning 4 of 4 "test" games against two strong professionals (2 games each against 5d and 7d). Affiliate of the Kansai Ki-in.
In 2016, became the first person to hold all seven titles at the same time. Became the youngest title holder ever in 2005 after winning the Agon Cup. Earned the right to be accorded the title of 26th Honinbo upon reaching the age of 60 or on retirement. Affiliate of the Nihon Ki-In.
was the chairman of Zhongguo Qiyuan from 1992 to 2003 and was former president of the association. Famous for popularizing the Chinese fuseki.
Wu Songsheng (吴淞笙)
1945–2007
9 dan
One of the first three professional 9 dans in China. Dedicated international educator of Go. Honoured guest player at Hanguk Kiwon. Affiliate of Zhongguo Qiyuan.
One of the strongest players of 1980s, he led China to victory in several team matches against Japan. Challenged for many top international titles in the late 1980s. Affiliate of the Zhongguo Qiyuan.
7 World championship titles; One of strongest players in the World in 2000s. He had exceptional record between 2008 and 2010. He lost to Lee Sedol in a Jubango match in 2014. Affiliate of the Zhongguo Qiyuan.
The strongest Go player in South Korea during the 1970s and 1980s before the period of dominance by his student Lee Chang-ho. The winner of 11 World titles, including the inaugural edition of the quadrennial Ing Cup in 1989. Last won a World title at the age of 49, at 2003 Samsung Fire Cup. Holder of the most titles by a professional player. Also holder of the most consecutive title defense, winning the Paewang title 16 times in-a-row.
was Cho Hunhyun's biggest rival in the '80s. Known for his long list of runner up titles. Won 9 matches in a row in 1997 Jinro Cup to win the title for Korea. Affiliate of the Hanguk Kiwon.
First woman to attain rank of 9-dan and widely considered to be the strongest female player of all time, also won the open Guksu title in 1999. Affiliate of the Hanguk Kiwon.
Considered one of the greatest players of all time, he was the strongest player in the world between 1993 and 2005. The student of Cho Hunhyun, he is also credited with expanding the understanding for the endgame. He won record 21 world championships since 1992, the last world title being the 2007 Zhonghuan Cup. Affiliate of the Hanguk Kiwon.
Considered the strongest player in the world after Lee Chang-ho's reign. He beat Gu Li in a Jubango match in 2014. He obtained 18 world championship titles between 2002 and 2015. Played against Google DeepMind's AlphaGo in AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol match in 2016. Affiliate of the Hanguk Kiwon.
A young and established Korean go professional. He reached 9 dan after 5 years, making him the youngest Korean 9 dan professional ever. 3 time world champion. Affiliate of the Hanguk Kiwon.
Born in Austria, became the first western Go professional in 1978, doing so with the Kansai Ki-in. Reached 2p the same year, and later brought Go to Kenya and Madagascar.
European Go Federation Professional Player, Two times European Go Champion, 2 times Under 12 European Youth Champion, 2 times Under 18 European Youth Champion.
Antti Törmänen is a Finnish 1p with Nihon Kiin. He was an insei at the Nihon Ki-in, Tokyo from October 2011 to May 2012 and again from April 2014. He finished the Winter 2015 pro exam with over 50% win rate, which qualified him for Foreign National Pro slot
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