graph (Unix)

In Unix, graph is a command-line utility used to draw plots from tabular data.

The graph utility, written by Douglas McIlroy, was present in the first version of Unix, and every later version, for instance:

• Unix Version 7, released in 1979 ^[1]
• SunOS 5.10, the Solaris version released in 2005 ^[2]

Its output is a sequence of commands for the plot utility, which creates plots using ASCII graphics.

This design demonstrates the Unix philosophy: defining the plot (graph) and drawing it (plot) are separate tools, so they can be recombined with other tools. For instance, plot can be substituted with a different utility, that accepts the same plot commands, but creates the plot in a graphics file format, or sends it to a plotter.

Unix v7 also provided device drivers for plotting the results to various graphics devices; ^[3] this was announced as now standard.^[4]

The GNU plotutils package provides a free non-exact reimplementation, available for Linux and many other systems. It can create plots in various graphics formats.

In its simplest use, the graph utility takes a textfile containing pairs of numbers, indicating the points of a line plot.

It outputs the line plot. Several options can be supplied to modify its behavior.

• 
  Preparing example input and running graph with plot
• 
  The results

These screenshots demonstrate basic operation on SunOS 5.10, on which graph and plot come preinstalled. The example input is from the first example in the GNU plotutils manual.

• 
  Preparing example input and running graph in Tektronix mode
• 
  The results

These screenshots demonstrate the GNU plotutils version of graph when run in an xterm, exploiting xterm's ability to emulate a Tektronix 4010 plotter.

This demo was run on Ubuntu, which makes GNU plotutils available as an optional package; many other Linux distributions and other Unix-like systems do the same.

The Wikibook Guide to Unix has a page on the topic of: Commands