Hetepheres II

For other women with this name, see Hetepheres.
Hetepheres II
Queen consort of Egypt
Bornc. 2600 BC
Burial
Mastaba G 7350, Giza East Field (?) Mastaba G 7110-7120, Giza East Field (?)
SpousePrince Kawab
Pharaoh Djedefre
IssueDuaenhor
Kaemsekhem
Mindjedef
Meresankh III
Neferhetepes
FatherKhufu
MotherMeritites I
ReligionAncient Egyptian religion

Hetepheres II (born c. 2600 BC[1]) was a queen of ancient Egypt during the 4th Dynasty.

Biography

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Htp
t p		 Hr
r		 s
Hetepheres
in hieroglyphs
Era: Old Kingdom
(2686–2181 BC)

Birth and family

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Queen Hetepheres II may have been one of the longest-lived members of the royal family of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, which lasted from ca. 2723 to 2563 BC. She was a daughter of Khufu[1] and was either born during the reign of her grandfather Sneferu or during the early years of her father's reign. She was named after her grandmother, Hetepheres I and she had an aunt named Hetepheres A. A fragmentary titulature found in the tomb of Meritites I may indicate that she was the mother of Hetepheres II.

Titles of Hetepheres II

Marriages

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During the reign of Khufu, Hetepheres II married her brother, the Crown Prince Kawab,[2] with whom she had at least one child, a daughter named Meresankh III. After the death of her first husband, she married another of her brothers, Djedefre who later succeeded Khufu as king of Egypt.

She was widowed a second time when Djedefre died. The marriage of her daughter, Meresankh III, to her late second husband's successor Khafre made Hetepheres II the mother-in-law of the new king. She would later out-live Meresankh III. A mark of her affection for Meresankh III may be seen in the fact that Hetepheres II had her own mastaba in the eastern cemetery of Giza converted into a tomb for her daughter's use. Hetepheres II herself was probably buried in tomb G7350 even though she possessed a joint tomb with her first husband, Kawab (G7110 and 7120 respectively).[3]

While marriage within the royal family was common, multiple marriages to this extent was not. It has been suggested her subsequent marriage to Djedefre was honorary in nature and done in order to maintain her position at court.[4] She never produced an heir to the throne in her second marriage and was never given the title of King's Mother.[5]

Hetepheres finally died early in the reign of Shepseskaf, the son and successor of Menkaura, and had thus witnessed the reigns of at least five and perhaps six (if she was born during the reign of Sneferu) pharaohs of the fourth Dynasty.

Children

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Children of Hetepheres II and Kawab

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Hetepheres II depicted as a sphinx, possibly the first, from Abu Rawash pyramid of Djedefre – Cairo Museum
  • Duaenhor
    dwAnHr
    (Manuel de Codage: dwAnHr) – "King’s son of his body", "Companion of his father". Buried in G 7550.[6]
  • Kaemsekhem
    kAmsxm
    (Manuel de Codage: kAmsxm) – "King’s son", "Director of the Palace". The wife of Kaemsekhem is named Ka'aper
    kAa
    p r
    (Manuel de Codage: kAapr). He may be the father of Rawer and Minkhaf. His tomb was located in Giza: G 7660.[6]
  • Mindjedef – "King’s son of his body", "Hereditary prince", "Treasurer of the King of Lower Egypt", etc. His wife was named Khufu-ankh. His tomb is located in Giza: G 7760.
  • Meresankh III – Wife of Khafre.[6]

Children of Hetepheres II and Djedefre

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  • Neferhetepes
    nfrHtps
    (Manuel de Codage: nfrHtps) – It has been suggested that this daughter named Neferhetepes was the mother of King Userkaf.[7]

References

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  1. ^ a b Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2004), p.57
  2. ^ Michael Rice, Who's Who in Ancient Egypt, Routledge London & New York, 1999. p.67
  3. ^ Dodson, p.57
  4. ^ Tyldesley, Joyce. Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. p.46. Thames & Hudson. 2006. ISBN 0-500-05145-3
  5. ^ Tyldesley, p.46.
  6. ^ a b c Porter and Moss, Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings; Part III
  7. ^ Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, pg 72
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Media related to Hetepheres II at Wikimedia Commons

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