Hisar (missile family)

The Hisar (English: “Fortress”) is a family of short, medium and long-range surface-to-air missile systems being developed by Roketsan and Aselsan since 2007.^[10] The missiles are developed by Roketsan, while most sensors and electronics are developed by Aselsan. The missile family consists of the short range Hisar-A^[4][5] and medium range Hisar-O air defence system.^[4][5][6][7] Missile seeker of Hisar-A and Hisar-O is infrared homing.^[11][12] The long range version “Hisar-U” evolved into the Siper long range air defence system project.

On 18 April 2007, the Turkish Presidency of Defense Industries issued a request for information to international and domestic defence companies to meet a low to medium altitude air defense requirements under Turkey's Low Altitude Air Defence Missile System (T-LALADMIS) programme (Alçak İrtifa Hava Savunma Füze Sistemi in Turkish).^[13] A total of 18 companies responded to the RFI.^[14]

A subsequent request for proposal was issued on 28 September 2008, for the direct acquisition of 18 systems and options for up to 27 additional systems.^[14] Following the initial missile tests of which was held for Hisar-A in 2013 and Hisar-O in 2014 the system got into production phase.^[15] The final contract was eventually awarded to Aselsan as the prime contractor on 20 June 2015.^[14] Other sub-contractors include Tübitak Sage for warhead and battery and Meteksan Savunma for data link. The award consist of a low-altitude system for 314,9 million euros and a medium-altitude system (T-MALADMIS) for 241.4 million euros.^[16]

In a test on 7 December 2017, a steep-trajectory firing was carried out for the first time from the HİSAR systems, while their 360-degrees protection was also tested successfully. Flight and ballistic tests were also carried out. For the first time in the campaign, within which control and guidance capabilities of the HİSAR missiles met expectations, radar, command-control and fire control, electro-optic and communications elements of the HİSAR systems were also included for the first time. Target aircraft, target detection and follow-up, command and fire control and mid-range bombsight tests were successfully performed.^[17]

In September 2020, Ismail Demir also revealed that Hisar-A will enter the inventory in 2020, in a press conference in Ankara.^[18]

• On 20 June 2015, Aselsan was awarded with a contract to produce Hisar surface to-air missile.^[19]
• On 8 December 2016, Hisar-O conducted its first missile test successfully.^[20][21]
• On 7 December 2017, a steep-trajectory firing test conducted.
• On 1 February 2018, Hisar-A conducted a successful missile test in Aksaray province of Turkey.^[22]
• On 12 October 2019, Hisar-A finish its final development tests and approved by the defence ministry for mass production.^[23][24]
• On 16 December 2020, the Hisar-A+ made its final test in order to be in the inventory.^[25]
• On 6 January 2020, the Hisar-A+ started mass production.^[26]
• On 9 March 2021, the Hisar-O medium-range air defense systems passes high altitude tests.^{[citation needed]}
• On 26 March 2021, the Hisar-A+ hits a target drone in a test-firing of the air defense systems.^{[citation needed]}
• On 3 May 2021, the Hisar-A+ air defense missile system successfully conducted its acceptance tests in Aksaray Shooting Range and got into the inventory of the Turkish Armed Forces.^[27][28]
• On 12 July 2021, the President of Defense Industries Dr. Ismail Demir announced that dozens of Hisar-A+ joined in the army^[29] and Hisar-O+ are in mass production by Roketsan and Aselsan.^[30]
• On 19 February 2022 the Hisar-O+ begins delivery to Turkish Army.^[31]
• On 4 April 2022 Ukraine interested in the Hisar-O+.^[32]
• On 15 August 2024 was completed a test fire of Hisar O+ missile and the missile reached 40+ range.^[33]

On 3 March 2020, Turkey said the system would be deployed in Syria's Idlib province as part of Operation Spring Shield.^[34][35] Turkey has deployed a battery of HISAR-A+ to protect its troop stationed in Libya.^{[citation needed]}

Hisar-A (Turkish: Alçak İrtifa Hava Savunma Füze Sistemi) is based on an FNSS ACV-30 tracked vehicle chassis armed with four vertically launched Hisar-A short-range missiles supplied by Roketsan.^[4][5] The tracked Hisar-A system mounts its own mast-mounted Aselsan MAR radar and an electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) system, allowing it to operate as an independent, standalone system without the need to rely on information from other systems. Hisar-A has dual pulse solid propellant rocket motor, making it effective against highly maneuverable air targets, although the 5 km maximum engagement altitude is a limitation. Recently Roketsan has developed an improved version of the missile, called Hisar A+. Although its range is still limited to the maximum of 15 km, the max engagement altitude was increased from 5 km to 8 km, and laser-based proximity fuse was replaced with an RF-based one from TÜBİTAK SAGE. The IIR-based seeker made by Aselsan has not been changed. The usage of IR imaging technology makes it highly resistant to various countermeasures. Test video has shown the missile hitting a practice target after using the second pulse of the rocket motor which accelerated the missile in terminal stage of the angagement. While the missile did not achieve a direct hit, the warhead was detonated by the proximity fuse, when it was passing the target. For midcourse guidance Hisar-A uses an inertial navigation system (INS) and an RF data link. Terminal guidance is provided by an infrared imaging (IIR) seeker head. Despite the improved variant being available, some platforms will continue using the base Hisar-A model. The rest will be upgraded with Hisar-A+ or will utilise a mix of HISAR-A+ and HISAR-O, which improves the system's versatility and flexibility.

• Minimum range: 2 km
• Maximum range: 15+ km
• Maximum altitude: 5 / 8 km

It was announced in 2020 that some orders on HİSAR-A would be replaced in favour of HİSAR-O which has a slightly longer effective engagement range and higher maximum altitude despite the size staying the same.^{[citation needed]}

Hisar-O (Turkish: Orta İrtifa Hava Savunma Füze Sistemi) is a vertically launched medium-range SAM system mounted on a Mercedes-Benz Zetros chassis.^[7][36]

Hisar-O missile system is very similar to the Hisar-A family, and uses same type of IIR seeker, RF link, proximity fuse and dual-pulse rocket motor. The dimensions of the missile have been increased in length out to around 4.2m. Another improvement is the installation of Aselsan's Kalkan phased array 3D search and track radar on the launcher vehicle. There is a planned future variant of Hisar-O, called Hisar-O+.

The Hisar-O system has the capability to detect, track and identify targets, perform command and control and fire control functions autonomously. The missile system is effective against fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles.^[4][5][6][7]

The system's general features also include management and distribution of command and control information, air defense mission planning at the battery and battalion levels, multiple engagement and successive firing, data links for midcourse guidance, integrated air picture generation, operational capabilities in the day, at night and in adverse weather conditions, a global positioning system (GPS) and navigation, remote control, wired or wireless communication between systems, 360° effective area with the capability of vertical launch, Multi-Target Multi-Radar fusion and embedded simulation, identification friend or foe (IFF), modular structure, hybrid control system.^[4][5][6][7]

• Minimum range of the missile: 3 km
• Maximum range of the missile: 25+ km with IIR and 40+ km with RF ^[7][37]
• Maximum altitude of the missile: 15 km
• Fighter detection & track range : 40–60  km^[7]
• Number of tracks : > 60 targets^[7]
• Ready to fire missiles:^[7]
  • Per vehicle: 6
  • Battery level: ≥ 18 (3 missile launcher vehicles)
  • Battalion level: ≥ 54 (9 missile launcher vehicles)
• Guidance:^[7][36]
  • Midcourse guidance: Inertial navigation through data link from fire-control system
  • Terminal guidance: Infrared homing missile seeker
• Vehicles types used by Hisar-O system:^[7][6]
  • Kalkan phased array 3D radar vehicle
  • Electro-optical suit vehicle
  • Tactical data link connection system vehicle
  • Fire control center vehicle
  • Missile launcher vehicle

A new missile called Hisar-RF is likely to be under development. According to one source, Hisar-RF is the radar seeker variant of Hisar-O which was first tested in August 2020.^[38]

Bangladesh has expressed interest in the Hisar-O air defense system.^[39][40]

Indonesia has signed a contract for the purchase of a variant of the Hisar-O and SİPER surface-to-air missile system from Turkish defense company Roketsan at Indo Defence 2022, the system is known as Trisula-O and Trisula-U, and its made specifically for Indonesia's demands, request, and needs.^[41][42]

• SİPER

• Aster – (France, Italy)
• CAMM – (United Kingdom, Italy)
• NASAMS – (Norway, United States)
• VL MICA – (France)
• SPYDER – (Israel)
• Barak 8 – (India, Israel)
• Multi-Mission Launcher – (United States)
• VL-SRSAM – (India)
• Khordad 15 – (Iran)
• MIM-104 Patriot – (United States)

• HISAR-g MEDIUM RANGE AIR DEFENSE MISSILE SYSTEM
• "Low Altitude Air Defense Missile HİSAR-A". Archived from the original on 5 August 2017.
• HİSAR Air Defence Missiles Archived 2020-02-05 at the Wayback Machine