Hwasong (missile family)

The Hwasong (Korean: 화성; lit. Mars), or recently called Hwasongpho (화성포; lit. Mars Artillery) is a North Korean family of ballistic missile.

Description

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The Hwasong means Mars in Korean. "Hwasong" also means "powerful", "innovative" or "sacrifice".[1] However, North Korea has not clarified why they name their ballistic missiles after the planet Mars.[2]

According to The Hankyoreh, the missiles in Hwasong series tend to be more complicated and increase in range as the designation number grows.[2]

The Hwasong designation number also indicates the North Korea's missile development timelines.[3]

In North Korea, Hwasong is also the name of a concentration camp.[1]

List of missiles

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Official designation Korean name External name(s) Classfication Description
Hwasong-5 《화성-5》형 Scud-B Short-range ballistic missile Hwasong-5 is a liquid-fueled, short-range ballistic missile. North Korea began testing the missile in 1984. Hwasong-5's range is estimated to be 300 km (190 mi). The Hwasong-5 was reported to be exported to other countries.[4]
Hwasong-6 《화성-6》형 Scud-C Short-range ballistic missile Hwasong-6 is a liquid-fueled, short-range ballistic missile. Its estimated range is 500 km (310 mi). The Hwasong-6 was reported to be exported to other countries.[5]
Hwasong-7 《화성-7》형 Rodong
Nodong
Rodong-1
Nodong-1
Scud-D
Scud Mod-D
Nodong-A 		Medium-range ballistic missile Hwasong-7 is a liquid-fueled, medium-range ballistic missile, which was first tested in May 1990. Its estimated range is 500 km (310 mi).[6]
Hwasong-8 《화성-8》형 Unknown Medium-range ballistic missile[7] Hwasong-8 is a liquid-fueled, medium-range ballistic missile ballistic missile, which was first tested in 27 September 2021.[7] Its estimated range is 2,000–4,000 km (1,200–2,500 mi).[8]
Hwasong-9 《화성-9》형 KN-04
Scud-ER 		Medium-range ballistic missile Hwasong-9 is a liquid-fueled, medium-range ballistic missile.[9] It is the enlarged version of Hwasong-6, with extended range, up to 1,000 km (620 mi).[10]
Hwasong-10 《화성-10》형 BM-25
Musudan 		Medium-range or intermediate-range ballistic missile Hwasong-10 is a liquid-fueled, intermediate-range ballistic missile, with an assumed range of 2,500–4,000 km (1,600–2,500 mi).[11]
Hwasong-11 《화성-11》형 KN-02
Toksa 		Short-range ballistic missile Hwasong-11 is a reverse-engineered, locally produced modification of the Soviet's OTR-21 Tochka solid-fueled, short-range ballistic missile. Its maximum range is 120–170 km (75–106 mi). It was first tested in 2006.[12]
Hwasong-11A 《화성-11가》형
《화성포-11가》형 		KN-23 Short-range ballistic missile Hwasong-11A is a single-stage, solid-fueled short-range ballistic missile that has an external resemblance to the Russian Iskander-M and South Korean Hyunmoo-2B short-range ballistic missiles,[13] with a maximum range of 900 km (560 mi).[14] Hwasong-11A made its public debut in 2018 and was first test-fired in May 2019.[15]
Hwasong-11B 《화성포-11나》형 KN-24 Short-range ballistic missile Hwasong-11B is a single-stage, solid-fueled short-range ballistic missile that has an external resemblance to the United States's ATACMS. Hwasong-11B has a maximum range of 410 km (250 mi). It was first test-fired in August 2019.[16]
Hwasong-11C 《화성포-11다》형 KN-23B (unofficial external designation)[17] Short-range ballistic missile Hwasong-11C is a single-stage, solid-fueled short-range ballistic missile that is the larger variant of Hwasong-11A with a closely similar design.[18][19] First tested in March 2021, the missile's range is assumed to be about 600 km (370 mi).[20] A larger version, called Hwasong-11C-4.5, was first test-fired in July 2024.[21]
Hwasong-11D 《화성포-11라》형 Unknown Tactical ballistic missile
Short-range ballistic missile 		Hwasong-11D is a single-stage, solid-fueled, short-range ballistic missile that is the smaller variant of Hwasong-11A.[22] Made its public debut in April 2022,[20] the missile's assumed range is similar to original Hwasong-11.[23]
Hwasong-11S 《화성포-11ㅅ》형 Unknown Submarine-launched ballistic missile Hwasong-11S is a solid-fueled submarine-launched ballistic missile that is the underwater-launched variant of Hwasong-11A.[22] First displayed and first tested both in October 2021,[24][25] the missile's reported range is about 600 km (370 mi).[26]
Hwasong-12 《화성-12》형
《화성포-12》형 		KN-17 Intermediate-range ballistic missile Hwasong-12 is a liquid-fueled, intermediate-range balistic missile that have the first successful test in May 2017, with estimated range of 4,500 km (2,800 mi).[27]
Hwasong-12A[a] 《화성-12가》형[a] Hypersonic Missile Type 2[28] Medium-range or intermediate-range ballistic missile[7] Hwasong-12A is presumed to be the official designation for a North Korean single-stage, liquid-fueled, hypersonic ballistic missile.[29][30] Tested twice in January 2022,[7] the estimated range of Hwasong-12A is over 2,000 km (1,200 mi).[8]
Hwasong-12B 《화성-12나》형 Unknown Intermediate-range ballistic missile Hwasong-12B is a North Korean single-stage, liquid-fueled hypersonic, intermediate-range ballistic missile that was first displayed in July 2023.[19] Its range is estimated to be over 6,000 km (3,700 mi).[31]
Hwasong-13 《화성-13》형 KN-08 (2012 version)
KN-14 (2015 version) 		Intermediate-range or intercontinental ballistic missile Hwasong-13 is the officially-called generic name to describe two liquid-fueled, road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missiles, called KN-08 and KN-14 by the United States. The two never-deployed missile variants have an estimated range of 8,000–10,000 km (5,000–6,200 mi).[32]
Hwasong-14 《화성-14》형 KN-20 Intercontinental ballistic missile Hwasong-14 is a liquid-fueled intercontinental ballistic missile that was tested twice in July 2017. The missile's estimated maximum range is more than 10,400 km (6,500 mi).[33]
Hwasong-15 《화성-15》형
《화성포-15》형 		KN-22 Intercontinental ballistic missile Hwasong-15 is a liquid-fueled intercontinental ballistic missile that was first tested in November 2017. Its estimated maximum range is more than 13,000 km (8,100 mi).[34] Hwasong-15 also has a modified version, which was tested in November 2022.[35]
Hwasong-16A[a] 《화성-16가》형[a] Unknown Intermediate-range ballistic missile Hwasong-16A is presumed to be the official designation for a solid-fueled hypersonic, intermediate-range ballistic missile, first tested in January 2024.[29][36][37]
Hwasong-16B 《화성포-16나》형 Unknown Intermediate-range ballistic missile Hwasong-16B is a two-stage, solid-fueled, intermediate-range ballistic missile capable of carrying hypersonic glide vehicle, first tested in April 2024.[38]
Hwasong-17 《화성포-17》형 KN-27 Intercontinental ballistic missile Hwasong-17 is a two-stage, liquid-fueled intercontinental ballistic missile that was first displayed in October 2020 and first tested in March 2022.[39] Its estimated range is 15,000 km (9,300 mi).[40]
Hwasong-18 《화성포-18》형 Unknown Intercontinental ballistic missile Hwasong-18 is a three-stage, solid-fueled intercontinental ballistic missile that was first tested in April 2023, with an assumed range of 15,000 km (9,300 mi).[41]
Hwasong-19 《화성포-19》형 Unknown Intercontinental ballistic missile Hwasong-19 is a three-stage, solid-fueled intercontinental ballistic missile that was first tested in October 2024. Its assumed range is at least 15,000 km (9,300 mi).[42][43]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d Presumed official designation.

References

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  1. ^ a b Julia Grum (1 August 2017). "North Korea's Latest Missile Gets Its Title From Mars, the Planet Named for a War God". Newsweek. Retrieved 7 April 2025.
  2. ^ a b Kwon Hyuk-chul (11 February 2024). "Understanding the menacing names of N. Korean weapons, and what they tell us". The Hankyoreh. Archived from the original on 23 January 2025. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
  3. ^ Scott LaFoy (28 August 2017). "The Hwasong that Never Ends". Arms Control Wonk. Retrieved 7 April 2025.
  4. ^ "Hwasong-5". Missile Threat. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  5. ^ "Hwasong-6". Missile Threat. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  6. ^ "Hwasong-7 (Nodong-1)". Missile Threat. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 9 August 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  7. ^ a b c d "S/2022/668" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. 7 September 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
  8. ^ a b Lee Cheol-jae; Kim Sang-jin (26 April 2022). "북, 극초음속 미사일·신형 ICBM·SLBM…신무기 총동원" [North Korea mobilizes new weapons including hypersonic missiles, new ICBMs, and SLBMs]. JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 27 January 2025.
  9. ^ "Hwasong-9 (Scud-ER/Scud-D Variant)". Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  10. ^ "Hwasong-9 (Scud-ER)". Missile Threat. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  11. ^ "BM-25 Musudan (Hwasong-10)". Missile Threat. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  12. ^ "KN-02 (Toksa)". Missile Threat. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 16 December 2024. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  13. ^ "KN-23". Missile Defense Advocacy. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  14. ^ "お知らせ：北朝鮮のミサイル等関連情報" [North Korean missiles and other related information]. Japanese Ministry of Defence (in Japanese). 5 June 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2025.
  15. ^ "KN-23". Missile Threat. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 1 July 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  16. ^ "KN-24". Missile Threat. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 15 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  17. ^ "Russia Used New North Korean KN-23B Ballistic Missiles For Strikes Across Ukraine: What Makes Them So Dangerous". Military Watch Magazine. 4 January 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  18. ^ "S/2021/211" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. 4 March 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
  19. ^ a b "S/2024/215" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. 7 March 2024. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  20. ^ a b "DPRK Military Parade Viewbook 2022" (PDF). Open Nuclear Network. 21 April 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  21. ^ "DPRK Missile Administration Conducts Test-fire of New-type Tactical Ballistic Missile". Korean Central News Agency. 2 July 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  22. ^ a b Tianran Xu (8 August 2023). "Brief on 27 July 2023 Parade of the DPRK". Open Nuclear Network. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  23. ^ Vann H. Van Diepen (25 April 2022). "North Korea's New Short-Range Ballistic Missile". 38 North. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  24. ^ Tianran Xu (18 October 2021). "Brief on the Defence Development Exhibition of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea" (PDF). Open Nuclear Network. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  25. ^ "The CNS North Korea Missile Test Database". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  26. ^ "S/2022/132" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  27. ^ "Hwasong-12 (KN-17)". Missile Threat. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  28. ^ See the image in following news: Kim, Yong-rae (6 January 2022). "진화하는 北 극초음속미사일…속도 음속 5배이상·사거리도 늘어" [North Korea's evolving hypersonic missiles... Extended range with a maximum speed of Mach 5]. KODEF researcher (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  29. ^ a b "North Korean nuclear weapons, 2024" (PDF). Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
  30. ^ "Hwasong-12A missile". www.b14643.eu. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
  31. ^ Roman Prykhodko (13 November 2024). "Ракетна програма КНДР за підтримки РФ: нова загроза для США та їхніх союзників (Частина 1)" [North Korea's missile program with Russian support: a new threat to the US and its allies (Part 1)]. Militarnyi (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  32. ^ "Hwasong-13 (KN-08, KN-14)". Missile Threat. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  33. ^ "Hwasong-14/KN-20". Missile Defence Advocacy Alliance. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
  34. ^ "Hwasong-15 (KN-22)". Missile Threat. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  35. ^ "S/2023/171" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
  36. ^ "北朝鮮が中距離級の極超音速滑空ミサイル「火星16ナ（火星16B）」の発射試験に成功" [North Korea successfully test-fires medium-range hypersonic glide missile Hwasong-16Na (Hwasong-16B)]. Yahoo News Japan (in Japanese). 3 April 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  37. ^ Kim Tong-Hyung (2 April 2024). "North Korea says it tested a new hypersonic intermediate-range missile that's easier to hide". Associated Press. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  38. ^ Vann H. Van Diepen (5 April 2024). "Second Flight of North Korea's Solid IRBM Also Second Flight of HGV". 38 North. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  39. ^ "Hwasong-17 (KN-27)". Missile Defence Advocacy Alliance. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
  40. ^ Tianran Xu (25 March 2022). "24 March 2022 DPRK ICBM Test". Open Nuclear Network. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  41. ^ Vann H., Van Diepen (18 July 2023). "Second Consecutive Flight Test Success Brings North Korea's Hwasong-18 ICBM Closer to Deployment". 38 North. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  42. ^ Diepen, Vann H. Van (5 November 2024). "North Korea Tests New Solid ICBM Probably Intended for MIRVs". 38 North. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
  43. ^ Thu Thủy (5 November 2024). "Khám phá tên lửa liên lục địa "mạnh nhất thế giới" Hwasong-19 của Triều Tiên" [Discovering North Korea's "world's most powerful" intercontinental ballistic missile Hwasong-19]. VietTimes (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 31 January 2025.
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