J. Calvin Giddings

J. Calvin Giddings
Born(1930-09-26)September 26, 1930
American Fork, Utah
DiedOctober 24, 1996(1996-10-24) (aged 66)
Salt Lake City, Utah
EducationBrigham Young University
University of Utah
Known forField flow fractionation
AwardsWilliam H. Nichols Medal (1991)
Scientific career
FieldsAnalytical separation
InstitutionsUniversity of Utah

John Calvin Giddings (September 26, 1930 – October 24, 1996) was a Distinguished Professor of chemistry at the University of Utah.[1][2][3] Giddings received a B.S. degree from Brigham Young University in 1952 and a PhD from the University of Utah in 1954. Following postdoctoral work at the University of Utah and the University of Wisconsin, he joined the faculty of the University of Utah as assistant professor of chemistry in 1957. He became associate professor in 1959, research professor in 1962, and professor in 1966. Giddings authored or co-authored more than 400 publications and edited 32 books in the field of chemistry. He was executive editor of the journal Separation Science and Technology, and the editor of the series Advances in chromatography.[4]

Gidding's work in separation sciences shed light on the chromatographic processes, as well as other separation techniques, including non-equilibrium,[5] diffusion & eddy diffusion,[6] pressure changes,[7] flow in paper and thin-layer chromatography,[8] preparative-scale, and programmed-temperature gas chromatography (GC),[9] exclusion chromatography,[10] electrophoresis,[11] and the generation of non-gaussian zones.[12] He developed understanding of the optimization of multicomponent chromatography[13] especially in 2D separations.[11]

His vision of the capabilities of high-pressure chromatographic systems evolved into High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), by suggesting to reduce particle size of the columns' packing in liquid chromatography.[14] Giddings also envisioned the capabilities of Supercritical fluid chromatography,[15] by developing the theory and ground work of dense gas chromatographic system.[16]

Eventually Prof Giddings invented the one-phase separation technique called "field-flow fractionation" (FFF).[17][18][19] He developed the concept of a chromatographic-like system in which retention is established and controlled by an external field rather than by the stationary phase. The FFF system extends the range of chromatography upward to include macromolecules and particles of almost every type and size, from 0.001 to 10 μm and beyond.

He was nominated for a Nobel Prize in 1984 and 1994.[2]

Giddings received numerous honors for his work[2] including American Chemical Society Awards in Chromatography and Electrophoresis, in Analytical Chemistry, and in Separation Science and Technology. He also received the Tswett Medal in Chromatography, and the Nichols Medical from the New York Section of the ACS. On May 27, 1987, Giddings received an honorary doctorate from the faculty of pharmacy at Uppsala University, Sweden[20]

Besides being an exceptional scientist, he was also a passionate outdoor sportive practicing climbing and kayaking[21][2] in Utah and a fervent defender of the environment.[2]

He died of cancer in 1996.[2]

Selected works

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  • J. Calvin Giddings (1965). Dynamics of Chromatography. Marcel Decker, NY.
  • J. Calvin Giddings (1991). Unified Separation Science. John Wiley & Sons, NY.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Myers, Marcus (1996). "J. Calvin Giddings 1930-1996". Chromatographia. 43 (11–12): 583. doi:10.1007/BF02292971. S2CID 94891956. Obituary by Marcus Myers, Chromatographia 43, (11-12), 583, 1996
  2. ^ a b c d e "Death: Dr. J. Calvin Giddings". Deseret News. 1996-10-27. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  3. ^ Henry, C. M. (1996). "People: J. Calvin Giddings dies at 66". Analytical Chemistry. 68 (23): 718A–719A. doi:10.1021/ac962152b. ISSN 0003-2700. PMID 8946788.
  4. ^ "J. Calvin Giddings papers". archiveswest.orbiscascade.org. Archives West. Retrieved 13 October 2023.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ Giddings, J. Calvin (1959-12-01). "Nonequilibrium Kinetics and Chromatography". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 31 (6): 1462–1467. doi:10.1063/1.1730636. ISSN 0021-9606.
  6. ^ Giddings, J. Calvin. "'Eddy' Diffusion in Chromatography". Nature. 184 (4683): 357–358. doi:10.1038/184357a0. ISSN 1476-4687.
  7. ^ Giddings, J. Calvin. "Some Aspects of Pressure-Induced Equilibrium Shifts in Chromatography". Separation Science. 1 (1): 73–80. doi:10.1080/01496396608049435. ISSN 0037-2366.
  8. ^ Calvin Giddings, J.; A. Keller, Roy (1959-01-01). "Spot Distribution and size in paper chromatography*". Journal of Chromatography A. 2: 626–633. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)86356-1. ISSN 0021-9673.
  9. ^ Giddings, J. Calvin. "Elementary theory of programed temperature gas chromatography". Journal of Chemical Education. 39 (11): 569. doi:10.1021/ed039p569. ISSN 0021-9584.
  10. ^ Giddings, J. Calvin; Kucera, Eugene; Russell, Christopher Penn; Myers, Marcus N. "Statistical theory for the equilibrium distribution of rigid molecules in inert porous networks. Exclusion chromatography". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 72 (13): 4397–4408. doi:10.1021/j100859a008. ISSN 0022-3654.
  11. ^ a b Giddings, J. Calvin (1984-10-01). "Two-dimensional separations: concept and promise". Analytical Chemistry. 56 (12): 1258A–1270A. doi:10.1021/ac00276a003. ISSN 0003-2700.
  12. ^ Grushka, Elimelech.; Myers, Marcus N.; Giddings, J. Calvin. (1970-01-01). "Moments analysis for the discernment of overlapping chromatographic peaks". Analytical Chemistry. 42 (1): 21–26. doi:10.1021/ac60283a015. ISSN 0003-2700.
  13. ^ Giddings, J. Calvin (1995-06-26). "Sample dimensionality: A predictor of order-disorder in component peak distribution in multidimensional separation". Journal of Chromatography A. 703 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)00249-M. ISSN 0021-9673.
  14. ^ Giddings, J. C. (1963-12-01). "Liquid Chromatography with Operating Conditions Analogous to Those of Gas Chromatography". Analytical Chemistry. 35 (13): 2215–2216. doi:10.1021/ac60206a063. ISSN 0003-2700.
  15. ^ [1]
  16. ^ McLaren, Lilian; Myers, Marcus N.; Giddings, J. Calvin (1968-01-12). "Dense-Gas Chromatography of Nonvolatile Substances of High Molecular Weight". Science. 159 (3811): 197–199. doi:10.1126/science.159.3811.197. ISSN 0036-8075.
  17. ^ Giddings, J. Calvin. "Field-Flow Fractionation". Separation Science and Technology. 19 (11–12): 831–847. doi:10.1080/01496398408068596. ISSN 0149-6395.
  18. ^ Giddings, J.C., Yang F.J., and Myers M.N. (1976). "Flow Field-Flow Fractionation: a versatile new separation method." Science 193.4259: 1244–1245.
  19. ^ "J. Calvin Giddings". 75 years of Chromatography a Historical Dialogue. Journal of Chromatography Library. Vol. 17. 1979. pp. 87–98. doi:10.1016/S0301-4770(08)60638-7. ISBN 9780444417541. ISSN 0301-4770.
  20. ^ "Honorary doctorates – Uppsala University, Sweden". www.uu.se.
  21. ^ Giddings, John Calvin (1972). "South Fork of the Salmon River". American Whitewater. 17 (1): 28.
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