January 1886 Calgary municipal election

The January 1886 Calgary municipal election was held on January 4, 1886 to elect a Mayor and four Councillors to sit on the second Calgary Town Council from January 18, 1886 (or April 3, 1886) to October 21, 1886.

The second Council was terminated by a special Territorial Ordinance effective October 21, 1886 following an order by local Stipendiary Magistrate Jeremiah Travis. Travis contended George Murdoch had tampered with the voters' list and a new council was appointed which failed to garner public support.^[1]^[2]

Background

Election Procedures

Voting rights were provided to any male British subject over twenty-one years of age who are assessed on the last revised assessment roll with a minimum property value of $300.

Each elector was able to cast a vote for the mayor and up to four votes for the councillors (Plurality block voting).^[3]

Travis Affair

Murdoch along with councillors Issac Sanford Freeze and Dr. Neville James Lindsay were removed from office effective October 21, 1886 by a special Territorial Ordinance issued by stipendiary magistrate Jeremiah Travis.

Travis, a teetotaler and supporter of the temperance movement, was appalled by the open traffic of liquor, gambling and prostitution in Calgary despite legal prohibition in the Northwest Territories. Murdoch and the town solicitor Henry Bleeker were alleged to be members of a whisky ring, and rumors were rampant that both Murdoch and the town's police chief James Ingram was receiving kickbacks from brothels and saloon keepers. Travis' behavior would soon reach Ottawa and Judge Thomas Wardlaw Taylor of Winnipeg was sent by the federal government to investigate the situation. Taylor's report "Precis of the case of Jeremiah Travis (late stipendiary magistrate at Calgary) as presented by the report of Mr. Justice Taylor and the correspondence and evidence" which found Travis had exceeded his authority was released much later in June 1887.

Shortly before the January 1886 election, G. E. Marsh brought a charge of corruption against Murdoch and council over irregularities in the voters' list. Travis found Murdoch and the councillors guilty, disqualifying them from running in the 1886 election, barring them from municipal office for two years, and fining Murdoch $100, and the councillors $20. Taylor notes Council added about 78 names to the voter list without notice of sworn testimony, but the names added appeared to have the qualifications necessary to be entitled to be on the voters list. Taylor found treating the actions of council as a case of personal corruption was erroneous in law and irregular in form. Furthermore, Taylor noted the punishment of removal from office, disqualification from re-election for two years and fines "extreme". Taylor also notes when the voters' list was being revised and the "corrupt practices" were occurring, Murdoch was visiting his former home in Eastern Canada and not in Calgary.^[4]

The election occurred as planned in on January 6, 1886 with Murdoch and the councillors on the ballot and the "irregular voter list" in use. Travis served the Returning Officer with a judicial order forbidding him from receiving any vote for Murdoch which would have the effect of showing Murdoch's opponents having received more votes than Murdoch. The returning officer ignored Travis' order as there was no authority for it to be issued. The final result of the election showed Murdoch with a majority 180 votes and his opponent James Reilly with 18. Of the 78 names irregularly added to the voters' list, only 41 of them voted.

Travis would find Murdoch in contempt of court and disallowed the result of the election, instead installing James Reilly as mayor and other members as the council. The municipal government under Mayor Reilly was ineffective when the town's books and seal disappeared.

The federal government acted, even before officially receiving Taylor's report, by reorganizing the courts of the Northwest Territories. The Territorial Council called for a new municipal election in Calgary on November 3, 1886. George Clift King was elected Mayor of Calgary.^[5]

Calgary Fire of 1886

The January 1886 town election took place 11 months before the Calgary Fire of 1886, which destroyed much of downtown Calgary in November 1886. Part of the extensive damage was caused by the Calgary firemen only slowly responding to the blaze. Part of this slow response can be attributed to the absence of functioning local government during 1886 as neither George Murdoch or James Reilly was capable of effectively governing the town. The newly ordered chemical engine for the recently organized Calgary Fire Department (Calgary Hook, Ladder and Bucket Corps) was held in the Canadian Pacific Railway's storage yard due to lack of payment. Members of the Calgary Hook, Ladder and Bucket Corps broke into the storage yard on the day of the fire to retrieve the engine, but their need to do so slowed the response.^[6]

Void Election

Territorial Ordinance 1-1886 "An Ordinance Respecting Municipal Matters in the Town of Calgary" passed October 21, 1886 voided the results of the January 1886 election and called for Lieutenant-Governor to order a new election to be held before December 31, 1886.

"It is hereby declared that no Council of the Municipality of the Town of Calgary exists, and that any and every alleged election of Mayor and Councillors of the said Municipality, for the year 1886, is void."^[7]

Results

Mayor

January 1886 Calgary municipal election: Mayor
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	Elected
	-	George Murdoch	180	86.54%	Y
	-	James Reilly	18	8.65%
	-	Dick	10	4.81%
Total valid votes			208	-
Source(s) ^[2] Full name of candidate "Dick" is not known.

Councillors

Election conducted using Plurality block voting. Each voter could cast up to four votes. Perhaps 208 cast a ballot in the aldermanic contest. (Percentage indicated is percentage of voters who endorsed the candidate, not percentage of votes.)

January 1886 Calgary municipal election: Councillor
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	Elected
	-	Thomas Washington Soules	151	72.60%	Y
	-	James Bannerman	149	71.63%	Y
	-	Issac Sanford Freeze	136	65.38%	Y
	-	Neville James Lindsay	131	62.98%	Y
	-	A. Grant	28	13.46%
	-	Davidson	27	12.98%
Source(s) ^[2] Election was held under multiple non-transferable vote where each elector was able to cast a ballot for the mayor and up to four ballots for separate councillors. Full name of unsuccessful candidates is not known.

References

^ Foran, Max. "George Murdoch". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Yesterday's Election". The Calgary Herald. No. 18. January 6, 1886. p. 4. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
^ Ordinances of the North-West Territories (1884 ed.). Regina, Canada: Queens Printer. pp. 47–94. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
^ Taylor, Thomas Wardlaw (1886). Precis of the Case of Jeremiah Travis (Late Stipendiary Magistrate at Calgary) As Presented By the Report of Mr. Justice Taylor and the Correspondence and Evidence (PDF). Ottawa, Ontario: Privy Council Office. pp. 5–6.
^ Mittelstadt, David (August 2005). Foundations of Justice: Alberta's Historic Courthouses. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary Press. pp. 17–19. ISBN 978-1-55238-345-2.
^ Ward, Tom (1975). Cowtown : an album of early Calgary. Calgary: City of Calgary Electric System, McClelland and Stewart West. p. 255. ISBN 0-7712-1012-4.
^ Ordinances of the Northwest Territories, Canada (1886 ed.). Regina, NWT: Regina : Government Printer. 1886. Retrieved 9 March 2020.

Sources

Frederick Hunter: THE MAYORS AND COUNCILS OF THE CORPORATION OF CALGARY Archived March 3, 2020

[1] Foran, Max. "George Murdoch". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved 7 March 2020.

[1886CalHerald-2] "Yesterday's Election". The Calgary Herald. No. 18. January 6, 1886. p. 4. Retrieved 8 March 2020.

[OrdMunicipal-3] Ordinances of the North-West Territories (1884 ed.). Regina, Canada: Queens Printer. pp. 47–94. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.

[4] Taylor, Thomas Wardlaw (1886). Precis of the Case of Jeremiah Travis (Late Stipendiary Magistrate at Calgary) As Presented By the Report of Mr. Justice Taylor and the Correspondence and Evidence (PDF). Ottawa, Ontario: Privy Council Office. pp. 5–6.

[5] Mittelstadt, David (August 2005). Foundations of Justice: Alberta's Historic Courthouses. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary Press. pp. 17–19. ISBN 978-1-55238-345-2.

[6] Ward, Tom (1975). Cowtown : an album of early Calgary. Calgary: City of Calgary Electric System, McClelland and Stewart West. p. 255. ISBN 0-7712-1012-4.

[7] Ordinances of the Northwest Territories, Canada (1886 ed.). Regina, NWT: Regina : Government Printer. 1886. Retrieved 9 March 2020.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]