Kaoanaeha

Kaʻōanaʻeha Mele, or Mary Kuamoʻo Kaʻōanaʻeha (c. 1780 – January 22, 1850), was a Hawaiian high chiefess during the formation of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

Parentage

She was born circa 1780^[1] as the daughter of High Chiefess Kalikoʻokalani. Genealogists disagree over who was Kaoanaeha's father due to her mother's two marriages. Most say she was the daughter of High Chief Keliʻimaikaʻi (The Good Chief) who was the only full-blood brother of Kamehameha I, being the son of Keōua and Kekuʻiapoiwa II. Some^[who?] say her father was High Chief Kalaipaihala, son of Kalaniʻōpuʻu, King of Hawaii and uncle of Kamehameha. King Kalākaua and Queen Liliʻuokalani support the latter due to their conflict with Kaoanaeha's granddaughter Emma Naʻea, who ran for Queen Regnant in the Royal Election of 1874. Keliʻimaikaʻi accepted her as a daughter and most say he was her true father. She was the only person allowed to see him on his deathbed.

Fifty years after her death, a claim was brought by Robert William Wilcox that she was the daughter of Keaka, a low-ranking Tahitian chief, who came to the islands and married Kalikoʻokalani. This claim was brought up in an editorial to defame one of Kaʻōanaʻeha's descendants.^[2]

Royal status

Because of her royal status, when she was born, pūloʻuloʻu or kapu sticks with tapa-covered balls on the ends were set up before her house, and pahu heiau or kapu drums were beaten, heralding her birth. Also, when her father, Keliimaikai, died in 1810, she was reportedly the only person allowed to enter his premises.

One romanticized version of her meeting with English sailor John Young is similar to the story of Pocahontas and John Smith:

Young and Davis would have been killed had not Kaoanaeha, a high lady, fallen in love with Young and by her intercession with the King saved the lives of both sailors. Kaoanaeha was the most beautiful woman on the island of Owhyhee (Hawaii) and was the admiration of all the sailors who visited Karakakooa Bay. She was the only daughter of Keliimaiki, the favorite brother of the great King, Kamehameha I. John Young and Kaoanaeha were soon married. King Kamehameha appreciated the superior talents of the white men and made them high chiefs.^[3]

Death

In the last days of her life, she wished to stay in Kawaihae. She had been reluctant to go to Honolulu because she probably thought that she would not return, just as fifteen years before, her husband did not return. At sixty-two, she died in Rooke House on January 22, 1850. She was buried the next day on the palace grounds by the Royal Tomb without any high ceremony. The official Polynesian devoted a few lines to her obituary. It was indicated that she was "out of favor in the royal circle of Honolulu", partly because she preferred the traditional Hawaiian values, including the ancient religion, and had resisted Christianity and Westernization.^[4]

Family tree

Keliʻimaikaʻi
(died 1809)

Kalikoʻokalani

Kalaipaihala

Robert Young

Grace

Davis Family

Kaʻōanāʻeha
(died 1850)

John Young
(1742–1835)

Namokuelua
(died 1804)

Robert
(1796–1813?)

Haʻale

James Kānehoa
(1797–1851)

Sarah Kaniaulono
(1797–1867)

Henry C. Lewis

Fanny Kekelaokalani
(1806–1880)

George Naʻea
(1797–1852)

Jane Lahilahi

Nuʻuanu

Mary Paʻaʻāina
(1833–1853)

James Augustus Griswold
(1823–?)

Dr. T. C. B.
Rooke
(1806–1858)

Grace Kamaʻikuʻi
(1808–1866)

Governor Cox Keʻeaumoku
(1784–1824)

Samuel Nuʻuanu

House of Kamehameha

Queen Emma
(1836–1885)

Kamehameha IV
(1836–1885)

Kamehameha III
(1813–1854)

Jane Lahilahi
(1813–1862)

Joshua Kaʻeo
(c. 1808–1858)

Keoni Ana
(1810–1857)

Julia Alapaʻi
(died 1849)

Albert Kamehameha
(1858–1862)

Kiwalaʻo
(died 1851)

Albert Kūnuiākea
(1851–1903)

Mary Lonokahikini
(1851–1904)

Peter Kekuaokalani
(1836–1880)

Keliʻimaikaʻi "Alebada"
(died 1851)

Notes:

Apple, Russel A. (1978). "Appendix A: Young Family Geneology". Pahukanilua: Homestead of John Young: Kawaihae, Kohala, Island of Hawaiʻi : Historical Data Section of the Historic Structure Report. Honolulu: National Park Office, Hawaii State Office. pp. 39–41. OCLC 4962701.
"John Young's Family". The Daily Bulletin. Vol. XV, no. 51. Honolulu. March 2, 1891. p. 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
Kanahele, George S. (1999). Emma: Hawaii's Remarkable Queen. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-8248-2240-8. OCLC 40890919.
McKinzie, Edith Kawelohea (1983). Stagner, Ishmael W. (ed.). Hawaiian Genealogies: Extracted from Hawaiian Language Newspapers. Vol. 1. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 38–39. ISBN 0-939154-28-5. OCLC 12555087.

Notes

^ "Kuamoo Kaoanaeha "Mele"". Our Family History and Ancestry. Families of Old Hawaii. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
^ R. W. Wilcox (May 26, 1894). "Correspondence". Hawaii Holomua Progress. hdl:10524/17855.
^ "Boatswain John Young: his adventures in Hawaii recalled" (PDF). New York Times archive. February 14, 1886.
^ Apple, Russel A. (1978). Pahukanilua: Homestead of John Young : Kawaihae, Kohala, Island of Hawaiʻi : Historical Data Section of the Historic Structure Report. Honolulu: National Park Office, Hawaii State Office. pp. 73–78.

References

Kanahele, George S.. Emma: Hawai'i's Remarkable Queen : a Biography . University of Hawaii Press, 1999.
Hawaiian Kingdom 1854–1874, Twenty Critical Years By Ralph S. Kuykendall

[1] "Kuamoo Kaoanaeha "Mele"". Our Family History and Ancestry. Families of Old Hawaii. Retrieved 2010-02-16.

[Wilcox-2] R. W. Wilcox (May 26, 1894). "Correspondence". Hawaii Holomua Progress. hdl:10524/17855.

[nyt-3] "Boatswain John Young: his adventures in Hawaii recalled" (PDF). New York Times archive. February 14, 1886.

[Apple1978-4] Apple, Russel A. (1978). Pahukanilua: Homestead of John Young : Kawaihae, Kohala, Island of Hawaiʻi : Historical Data Section of the Historic Structure Report. Honolulu: National Park Office, Hawaii State Office. pp. 73–78.

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