452 Fifth Avenue

For other uses, see HSBC Building.

452 Fifth Avenue
452 Fifth Avenue as seen from the corner of Fifth Avenue and 40th Street. In the front is the 10-story beige stone facade of the Knox Building, with a green mansard roof. Behind it is the glass facade of the 30-story HSBC Tower, which is colored blue and green on 40th Street to the right and dark-colored on Fifth Avenue to the left.
Map
Former namesRepublic National Bank of New York Building, Knox Building
Alternative namesHSBC Tower
General information
StatusCompleted
Architectural styleModernism
Location452 Fifth Avenue
(1 West 39th Street)
Manhattan, New York
Coordinates40°45′08″N 73°58′57″W / 40.75222°N 73.98250°W / 40.75222; -73.98250
Construction started1980
Completed1985
OwnerProperty & Building Corporation
Height
Roof400 feet (121.9 m)
Technical details
Floor count30
Floor area863,000 sq ft (80,200 m2)
Design and construction
Architect(s)Eli Attia Architects
Knox Building
NYC Landmark No. 1091
Location452 5th Ave., New York, New York
Coordinates40°45′08″N 73°58′57″W / 40.75222°N 73.98250°W / 40.75222; -73.98250 (Knox Building)
Arealess than one acre
Built1901 (1901)
ArchitectDuncan, John H.
Architectural styleBeaux Arts
NRHP reference No.82003381[3]
NYSRHP No.06101.001707
NYCL No.1091
Significant dates
Added to NRHPJune 3, 1982
Designated NYSRHPApril 9, 1982
Designated NYCLSeptember 23, 1980
References
[1][2]

452 Fifth Avenue (also the HSBC Tower and formerly the Republic National Bank Building) is an office building at the southwest corner of Fifth Avenue and 40th Street in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. The building primarily consists of the 30-story, 400-foot (120 m) HSBC Tower, completed in late 1985 and designed by Attia & Perkins. The 10-story Knox Building, a Beaux-Arts office building designed in 1902 by John H. Duncan, is preserved at the base of the skyscraper. 452 Fifth Avenue faces Bryant Park immediately to the north.

The HSBC Tower is designed with a glass facade, which curves around the Knox Building to the north; a similar curved tower across Fifth Avenue was never built. The Knox Building's facade remains largely as it was originally designed, with decorated limestone cladding, a cornice above the sixth floor, and a mansard roof. The Knox Building is a New York City designated landmark and is on the National Register of Historic Places. Internally, the tower is tied into the stories of the Knox Building.

The Knox Building was erected between 1901 and 1902 for Edward M. Knox, who operated the Knox Hat Company and leased out several stories to office tenants. In 1964, the Knox heirs sold the building to a group that founded the Republic National Bank of New York and used the building as the bank's headquarters. The bank acquired the neighboring lots in the 1970s and hired Attia & Perkins to design a tower to house its new world headquarters, which would wrap around the Knox Building. The tower was expanded in the 1990s and sold to the investment bank HSBC. In October 2009, HSBC Holdings sold the building to Midtown Equities and Israeli holding company IDB Group, the latter of which passed the building to a subsidiary, Property & Building Corporation (PBC). HSBC continued to lease back its space in the building until 2022, when the bank announced it would relocate.

Site

[edit]

The building at 452 Fifth Avenue is on the western sidewalk between 39th and 40th Streets, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City.[4][5] The building occupies an L-shaped land lot with a frontage of 197 feet (60 m) along Fifth Avenue to the east, a depth of 185 feet (56 m), and an area of 32,834 square feet (3,050.4 m2).[4] 452 Fifth Avenue is the eastern end of a row of masonry structures on 40th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, which forms the southern border of Bryant Park.[6] On the same block to the west are the Engineering Societies' Building, Engineers' Club Building, The Bryant, the American Radiator Building, and Bryant Park Studios.[4][5] Other nearby places include the New York Public Library Main Branch across 40th Street to the north, 461 Fifth Avenue to the northeast, the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Library and 10 East 40th Street to the east, and the Lord & Taylor Building to the south.[4][5]

The northeastern corner of the base contains the Knox Building at Fifth Avenue and 40th Street, which has been incorporated into 452 Fifth Avenue.[5][6] The original Knox Building covers a lot of 83 by 110 feet (25 by 34 m).[7][8] The Knox Building directly replaced the Lawrence Kip residence, which had been on that corner since the mid-19th century.[9] At the beginning of the 20th century, development was centered on Fifth Avenue north of 34th Street, where new store buildings were quickly replacing the street's brownstone residences.[10][11][12] These included the B. Altman and Company Building, the Tiffany and Company Building, the Gorham Building, and the Lord & Taylor Building.[13]

The modern skyscraper includes the former Kress Building at the corner of Fifth Avenue and 39th Street, which was originally designed in the Art Deco style and built in the mid-1930s.[14][15][a] An annex on 20 West 40th Street replaced the Willkie Memorial Building, designed by Henry Janeway Hardenbergh and built in 1905.[6]

Architecture

[edit]

The modern skyscraper at 452 Fifth Avenue, formerly known as the Republic National Bank Building,[5] is composed of four distinct sections.[14] The ten-story Knox Building,[16][b] at the southwest corner of 40th Street and Fifth Avenue, was designed by John H. Duncan in the Beaux-Arts style.[5][16][18] The newer HSBC Tower (originally the Republic National Bank Tower), occupying much of the rest of the site, was designed by Attia & Perkins.[5][19][c] The Kress Building and another structure on 39th Street are also incorporated into the skyscraper.[6][14] The building is 400 feet (120 m) tall, with 30 stories.[1][2]

The Knox Building is on the National Register of Historic Places[3] and is protected by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) as a city landmark.[20] However, the Kress Building was not similarly designated because the LPC did not find it to be architecturally significant.[14]

Facade

[edit]

Knox Building

[edit]

The Knox Building's facade remains largely as it was originally designed. The first six floors are clad with rusticated blocks of limestone along Fifth Avenue; a similar motif is used on 40th Street, but the third through sixth floors use buff brick instead of genuine rusticated limestone.[21] The first floor has show windows, and the entrance is shielded by an iron-and-glass canopy on Fifth Avenue.[22] A mezzanine level was originally placed in the upper section of the first floor, and a sparsely decorated cornice runs above the first floor. On the second floor, the arched windows on 40th Street have keyed blocks above them, while the rectangular window on Fifth Avenue has a palm branch and female head above the center.[21]

Detail of the fifth and sixth stories of the Knox Building, as seen on Fifth Avenue. The cornice above the sixth floor is carried by brackets
The fifth and sixth stories of the Knox Building on Fifth Avenue; the cornice above the sixth floor is carried by brackets

The third through eighth floors have elaborately decorated window screens. The third through sixth floors use a similar window arrangement, with three windows per story on Fifth Avenue and eight per story on 40th Street. The extreme ends of either facade contain quoins. Above the sixth floor, there is a cornice with dentils and large console brackets; the metal railing above the cornice has since been removed. The seventh and eighth stories contain windows between vertical brick piers and horizontal ornamental spandrels. The spandrels on the Fifth Avenue facade and in the end bays on 40th Street are decorated with lions' heads and elaborate cartouches. A bracketed cornice runs above the eighth floor.[21]

The top of the Knox Building is a double-height mansard roof that contains dormer windows. On Fifth Avenue, the central dormer is a large two-story opening topped by a gable with a female head. There are single-height dormers on each side of the large opening, at the ninth story. On 40th Street, the outermost bays have two-story dormer windows and the inner bays are designed as single-height dormers at the ninth story. The inner bays on 40th Street contain three wide openings on the tenth floor, each designed with nine narrow vertical glass panes.[21] The top of the mansard has a cresting containing torches and anthemia with eagles. When built, the southern and western facades were brick party walls.[21]

HSBC Tower

[edit]

The HSBC Tower is designed with a glass facade. On the northern side, the facade appears to curve around the Knox Building in a series of steps.[23] This, in turn, gave the HSBC Tower the impression that it had an irregularly shaped roof.[24] The eastern facade along Fifth Avenue is tinted in bronze to blend in with the facades of other structures on the avenue.[23][25] By contrast, the northern facade along 40th Street contains full-height silicone-stiffened glass panels,[26] with glazing that gives the facade a green tint.[23][25] The green facade was intended to complement the Knox Building.[27] The tower's facade was built without exterior vertical mullions but is instead stiffened by internal glass mullions, with structural silicone linking the facade and the floor plates. A two-story mockup was created in Florida before the HSBC Tower's facade was installed.[28]

The HSBC Tower is recessed 10 feet (3.0 m) from the original building's street-facing facades. According to Attia & Perkins, this allowed the HSBC Tower to rise as a distinct entity from the mansard roof of the Knox Building.[24][25] The HSBC Tower was originally planned with a mirror-image tower across Fifth Avenue, which was never built.[2][25]

Detail of the rebuilt facade of the Kress Building as seen on Fifth Avenue. The lower wall of marble ascends like a staircase in front of the upper wall, which is made of glass.
Rebuilt facade of the Kress Building, which ascends from north (right) to south (left) like a staircase

The tower is cantilevered over the Kress Building at the southeastern corner of the site.[25][29] Several 25-foot-long (7.6 m) beams are cantilevered from strips that rise from the 11th story to the roof.[28] The Kress Building's original facade had included six each of black marble panels and carved limestone crests, as well as four sets of brass doors, including two revolving doors.[30] Unlike the Knox Building, the facade of the Kress Building was completely redesigned when the Republic National Bank Tower was built. The facade of the former Kress Building was replaced with a granite cladding containing rose, beige, and gray hues.[25] The Kress Building's rebuilt facade ascends from north to south like a staircase.[26] At ground level, the Kress Building received a glass facade as well.[29] The Kress Building's original decorations were placed into storage when the HSBC Tower was built.[30]

Interior

[edit]

The floor areas of 452 Fifth Avenue's constituent structures range from 42,000 to 50,000 square feet (3,900 to 4,600 m2), which allowed the tower's original tenant, Republic National Bank, to consolidate many of its departments on their own floors.[14] The building as a whole occupied 804,000 square feet (74,700 m2) when completed, of which the tower comprised 371,000 square feet (34,500 m2).[27]

The building has bank vaults 50 feet (15 m) below ground, spanning 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2).[24] The lobby, which faces 40th Street, contains a double-height glazed facade as well as an entrance canopy.[31] The space covers 3,700 square feet (340 m2) and is clad with stone and glass.[32] The lobby has a banking space on Fifth Avenue, used for quick deposits and transactions. It was designed with several chandeliers, including a globe-shaped fixture designed by Attia Architects.[28] The banking space covers 17,000 square feet (1,600 m2).[33]

Eight of the lowest floors in the HSBC Tower's base span 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) each and are tied into floors in the old Knox Building.[23] At each of these floors, glass corridors connect the HSBC Tower and the old Knox Building, giving the impression of bridges.[33] The Kress Building, also eight stories tall,[25] was expanded by two floors, with a terrace installed on the Kress-Building's roof.[29] This required the removal of a bulkhead on the top of the Kress Building.[27] The two additional floors originally served as a trading floor that could fit 260 people.[23][27] The trading desk was designed to be flexible and had no fixed-position furniture.[28] According to Nancy J. Ruddy of Eli Attia Architects, the trading floor was "one of the largest single trading floors" in the city when completed.[27]

The first full story in the HSBC Tower is the 11th floor, which was designed as an executive dining room story. Originally, the corridors of that story were decorated with pieces of artwork from Republic National Bank's collection. The main dining room was clad with original wall paneling taken from the Knox Building's banking hall, as well as some replica panels, which were created because there were not enough original panels for the whole room. The serving counters of the dining room were adapted from the green marble countertops of the Knox Building's original banking hall.[28] Above the 12th floor, each story has 13,200 square feet (1,230 m2).[34] The 27th through 29th floors were designed as executive suites but, because of Republic National Bank's rapid expansion in the late 1980s, some of the suites were converted to operations offices.[28]

History

[edit]

Original structure

[edit]

Charles Knox founded the Knox Hat Company on Fulton Street, in what is now Lower Manhattan, in 1838.[35][36] The company had many customers until the American Civil War,[20] and it became known for selling high-quality hats.[37] At some point after the Civil War, Charles Knox's son Edward M. Knox took over the family business.[36] Through the latter half of the 19th century, Knox opened stores in the fashionable shopping districts of Manhattan;[10] by 1900, the Knox hat was known worldwide.[38]

Construction and early years

[edit]
View of the Knox Building from 40th Street, with the glass HSBC Tower behind it
The Knox Building as seen from 40th Street

In 1901, Edward Knox acquired the Kip mansion at the southwest corner of Fifth Avenue and 40th Street,[39] across from the vacant site of the Croton Reservoir, later the New York Public Library Main Branch.[10][40] The Central Realty, Bond and Trust Company was reported in the media as the buyer,[41] but it was acting on behalf of Knox.[39][42] The Real Estate Record and Guide reported that the Knox purchase, along with that of the Gorham Manufacturing Company at Fifth Avenue and 36th Street, "are interesting indications of the way the tide is setting up 5th avenue".[39] Knox received title to the site that April for $450,000,[43][44] and he hired John Duncan to extend and remodel the old Kip mansion for commercial use.[45] At the end of the following month, Duncan filed plans for a new 10-story building on the Kip site.[46][47]

The Knox Building was completed in October 1902 and originally contained a Knox hat store at its base.[37] The store was described as having carved and paneled walnut decoration, plate-glass mirrors with brought-iron frames, bronze-and-marble counter tops, large chandeliers, and gold-plated cabinets. A mezzanine gallery, with an ornamental railing, hung above three sides of the store.[40] In March 1903, six months after the store opened, the New-York Tribune reported that the store "has already become one of the chief features of the avenue".[48] The same year, Knox split his business into manufacturing and retail companies. The Knox Hat Manufacturing Company's offices and the main store of the E.M. Knox Hat Retail Company were placed within the building, and some of the office space was rented to other tenants.[49] By 1914, the building was valued at $860,000.[50] Among the Knox Building's tenants during the 1900s and 1910s were a photography studio operated by Percy D. Brewster,[51] a store operated by Louise Lewis,[52] the Town Topics Publishing Company,[53] and the offices of architect George K. Thompson.[54] The Republican National Committee also leased space in 1918,[55][56] though it moved out after eighteen months.[57]

Mid-20th century

[edit]

By early 1920, negotiations were underway to lease the Knox Building to a construction syndicate. At the time, the Farmers' Loan and Trust Company owned the building.[7][8] Coincidentally, around that time, Benjamin Mordecai and E. Clifford Potter incorporated the Fortieth Street and Fifth Avenue Corporation.[8] After acquiring the leasehold, Mordecai and Potter renovated the building extensively.[58] In January 1922, August Heckscher acquired the leasehold for $2 million.[58][59] The Knox Building was one of eleven large Midtown office buildings that Heckscher owned, which collectively were valued at $30 million by 1923.[60][61]

Tenants in the Knox Building during the 1920s included the Gates-Browne Corporation,[62] the Arthur S. Kane Picture Corporation,[63] and perfumers Yardley & Co.[64] The Knox Hat Company also renewed its lease in 1928 for the ground-floor storefront, basement, and mezzanine for $3,500 per foot ($11,000/m) of storefront length; at the time, it was a record amount for a lease of a corner storefront on Fifth Avenue.[65] Albert B. Ashforth was appointed as the Knox Building's leasing agent in 1935,[66] and the Knox Hat Company signed a lease for space on the second floor the same year.[67] Other lessees in the 1930s also included Brown & Wells Inc.,[68][69] hairdressers Julian Inc.,[70] and publishers Parfumerie St. Denis Inc. and House of Peters Inc.[71]

In 1964, the Knox heirs sold the building to a group headed by Martin Ackerman. With that acquisition, the Ackerman group filed to incorporate the Republic National Bank of New York within the Knox Building.[72] The firm of Kahn & Jacobs designed a renovation for the building.[25][73] The Joseph P. Blitz Company was the contractor for the interior renovation, which was completed by 1965. The exterior was largely kept intact "to preserve its architectural beauty", according to The New York Times.[74] The exterior renovation consisted of minor window replacements, as well as the installation of three rusticated piers on 40th Street to replace ornamental piers.[73] The bank's space at the Knox Building formally opened in January 1966 at a ceremony attended by U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy.[75]

Tower development

[edit]

Over eleven years starting around 1970, Republic Bank assembled a 51,000-square-foot (4,700 m2) site on the west side of Fifth Avenue between 39th and 40th Streets.[23] This included the Kress Building on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 39th Street, as well as two structures between the Kress and Knox buildings.[76] The S. H. Kress store in the eponymous building had closed in 1977 after operating for 42 years.[77]

Construction

[edit]
Northern facade of HSBC Tower as seen from Bryant Park at dusk, with trees in the foreground
HSBC Tower as seen from Bryant Park

The New York City Planning Commission approved an eleven-story annex of the Republic National Bank Building on Fifth Avenue, south of the original structure, in 1974. Republic was obligated to design the annex to "harmonize" with that of the New York Public Library Main Branch, an official city landmark.[78] By the late 1970s, the bank planned to erect a world headquarters tower on the site to consolidate operations at 15 buildings across New York City. Republic specified that six of its Fifth Avenue structures, including the Knox Building, had to remain on the site because some of the bank's operations in these buildings could not be halted.[23] Furthermore, the bank did not want the tower to overshadow the design of the Knox Building.[79] Republic hired several firms, including Kohn Pedersen Fox, in 1978 to create designs for a new tower on the site.[80]

The LPC designated the Knox Building as a city landmark in 1980. Despite not wanting to destroy the building, Republic originally opposed the designation, which prevented major changes to the design without the LPC's consent.[79] The bank ultimately expressed its support for the landmark designation.[24] By mid-1981, plans for Republic's tower had yet to be finalized. A mirror-image tower on the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and 39th Street, which Republic had proposed on the site of a Woolworth store, had been disapproved the previous March.[76] In September 1981, Attia Architects presented plans for a 27-story tower wrapping around the Knox Building.[79] The tower was to cover 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2).[81] The project was to be the largest development on Fifth Avenue south of 42nd Street since the Empire State Building, which had been completed five decades earlier.[24][79] The Knox Building was added to the NRHP on June 3, 1982.[3] Republic changed its plans in 1983, adding two stories without changing the overall roof height.[34]

Turner Construction was the general contractor in charge of the tower's construction,[19][82] and various other consultants and architects were also hired for the project.[19] The firm of Platt and Byard restored the Knox Building as part of the project. Some of the original design elements that had been removed in the 1960s were restored, including the ground-floor storefront windows; the glass entrance canopy on Fifth Avenue; and upper-story windows, which had been replaced with sliding windows.[22] The Knox Building was completely reconstructed internally,[33] and the Kress Building's facade was replaced as well.[25][29] The Kress Building was renovated in segments[27] because one of its tenants refused to leave until July 1984.[25][33] Just west of the Knox Building, there was controversy over the bank's demolition of the Willkie Memorial Building, the former Freedom House headquarters at 20 West 40th Street.[6] That structure's ornamentation was removed while the LPC was considering it for landmark status,[83][84] and the building was ultimately demolished completely.[85]

Completion and expansion

[edit]

The Republic National Bank Tower was completed by late 1985 at an estimated cost of $100 million.[33] The bank had initially planned to occupy only the 1st through 7th stories, offering the 8th through 11th stories for temporary lease.[34] The bank ultimately ended up also leasing the 8th through 11th stories. The 12th story and higher were leased to tenants such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Aetna, Krungthai Bank, and Hewitt Associates. The 25th through 28th floors had not been rented while the top floor was to be used by Republic as an executive penthouse. In addition, clothing retailer The Limited rented a storefront in part of the ground and mezzanine stories.[33] Republic National Bank had allocated space in its new tower for 1,200 employees, but the bank had 2,000 employees before the end of the decade.[28] By the early 1990s, Republic was leasing space in nearby buildings.[86]

Fox & Fowle proposed a 12-story building at 20 West 40th Street, adjacent to the Republic National Bank Tower, in 1989 or 1990.[22][6] Republic rejected the plan as being too small for its needs.[6] In September 1993, Republic proposed a 16-story structure with a two-story entrance and a limestone facade tapering to a pyramidal roof. In exchange, the bank proposed restoring the Knox Building's Fifth Avenue entrance marquee and seventh-story railing.[22][87] One of Manhattan Community Board 5's committees initially opposed the plan but, after Republic emphasized that the work would create 500 jobs, the community board overruled the committee.[87] The addition was to be contiguous with the existing tower and the Knox Building, so it required LPC approval.[22] After multiple revisions, including a stipulation that the facade's material be changed to brick,[6] the LPC approved the project in November 1993.[88] The City Planning Commission also gave Republic a waiver to permit the construction of four additional stories, covering 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2), in exchange for maintaining the Knox Building.[6]

In May 1994, newly elected mayor Rudy Giuliani offered financial incentives to fund the construction of the annex. This included $6.4 million in waived city and state sales taxes as well as bonds to help fund the $55 million annex and a $23 million renovation of a data center on the 1 West 39th Street side. The bank, which had been planning to move 900 data-center workers to New Jersey, decided to keep the data center in place.[89][90] Giuliani's administration also offered to permit foundation work for the annex to proceed before the requisite Uniform Land Use Review Procedure for the site was completed.[91] Though the process was completed in mid-1994,[6] the site remained undeveloped and was used as a parking lot.[92] The site was ultimately developed as a condominium complex called The Bryant in the late 2010s.[93]

Entrance to the building on 40th Street, with scaffolding and a glass opening framed with a white border
Entrance to the building on 40th Street

The expansion of the data center required the addition of 4,000 amperes of capacity, double what the data center had been able to accommodate previously.[94] The project also included retrofitting an adjacent structure on 39th Street, dating from the 1920s.[95] Four water tanks on that structure's roof had to be removed to make way for a 2,000-kilowatt (2,700 hp) generator and switching machinery.[94] The loading docks were also upgraded and new electrical conduits were excavated under the street. This work had to be done with minimal interruption to electrical service, since the building was occupied for the full duration of the renovation, and all non-emergency street excavations in Midtown were halted each winter. The work was completed in the late 1990s.[96] Tops Appliance City, an electronics store, leased space on the ground and second floors of the National Republic Bank Tower in 1998.[97]

21st century

[edit]

2000s and 2010s

[edit]

HSBC acquired Republic in 1999.[98] HSBC Brokerage expanded its office space at 452 Fifth Avenue in 2002, creating the HSBC Brokerage Center.[99] HSBC contemplated selling 452 Fifth Avenue in September 2008,[100] but the bank reneged on its plans the next month, when it received bids of between $400 and $500 million, well below its target of $600 million.[101] By April 2009, HSBC was again considering selling 452 Fifth Avenue.[102][103] Within two months, the bank had received around 20 bids of between $250 and $300 million, less than the $400 to $500 million the bank had sought,[104] though several developers submitted bids of over $290 million.[105] That October, HSBC Holdings sold the building to Midtown Equities and Israeli holding company IDB Group[106][107] for $352.9 million.[108][d] HSBC planned to lease back the entire building for one year and the first 11 floors for ten years.[106][107] IDB then passed the building to a subsidiary, Property & Building Corporation (PBC).[109][110]

When 452 Fifth Avenue was sold, investors were purchasing buildings around Bryant Park as part of a small real estate boom around the park. Rents per square foot in buildings south of 42nd Street, including 452 Fifth Avenue, had historically been lower than rents in buildings north of 42nd Street, but PBC planned to renovate 452 Fifth Avenue in the hope of being able to attract high rents.[110] The HSBC Tower was renovated starting in 2010.[111] As part of the work, PBDW Architects restored some of the Knox Building's original decorative elements.[18][112] The first phase of the renovation, a refurbishment of the lobby, was completed in 2011, while the second phase entailed replacement of upper-story elevators and some mechanical equipment.[111] PBC was able to sign leases for 14 of the 18 available floors during eight months in 2011, mostly to companies in the law and financial sectors. The final renovations were being completed by late 2012.[110]

PBC refinanced the building in mid-2012 with $300 million in commercial mortgage-backed securities issued by JPMorgan Chase. The refinancing valued the building at $670 million.[113][108] By 2013, asking rents at 452 Fifth Avenue were over $100 per square foot ($1,100/m2),[114] which made it among 80 buildings in New York City achieving triple digit rents.[115] 452 Fifth Avenue was fully leased by mid-2015,[116] amid reports PBC would sell the structure.[109] The same year, JLL was hired as 452 Fifth Avenue's leasing agent.[117] HSBC Bank extended its lease by five years in 2017 after searching for space in other buildings.[118][119]

2020s to present

[edit]

In October 2021, PBC announced it would sell 452 Fifth Avenue and use the profits to invest in Israeli properties.[120] That December, Andrew Chung of the Innovo Property Group announced he would acquire the building for $855 million.[121][122][123] The sale was originally supposed to be finalized in May 2022.[124][125] HSBC announced that month that it would relocate to the Spiral in Hudson Yards in January 2024.[126][127] Chung had put down $30 million for the purchase but was not able to raise $200 million before the deadline. The deal fell through shortly after HSBC announced its relocation to Hudson Yards.[128] Instead, PBC kept Chung's down payment and refinanced the building with a $385 million loan from JPMorgan Chase.[129]

PBC unsuccessfully attempted to sell the building again in February 2023,[130][131] shortly after HBK Capital Management and Novartis moved into the building.[132][133] Later that year, JPMorgan Chase sought to sell the loan that it had placed on the building.[134] PBC's parent company Discount Investment Corporation announced in March 2024 that it wanted to pay off $400 million in debt on the tower by selling off bonds.[135] That May, PBC paid off the building's loan with $385 million from the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.[136][137]

Critical reception

[edit]
Detail of the Knox Building's ground-floor storefront at Fifth Avenue and 40th Street, which is surrounded by scaffolding and contains full-height windows
Detail of the Knox Building's ground-floor storefront at Fifth Avenue and 40th Street

Norval White and Elliot Willensky, in the AIA Guide to New York City, said the Knox Building an "exuberant Classical showcase was built for Col. Edward Knox, hatter to Presidents".[76] After the Republic National Bank offices opened in the Knox Building in the 1960s, architectural writer Ada Louise Huxtable praised the building as having been "beautifully restored", with the design complementing the New York Public Library Main Branch. She described the interiors as having "a kind of Beirut Louis XVI atmosphere out of Beirut".[138]

When the Republic National Bank Tower was being constructed, Paul Goldberger praised the Knox Building as a "lyrical classical gem". By contrast, he believed that, despite the measures taken to incorporate the Knox Building into the tower's design, "the tower bears down over the old building, turning this strong classical structure into a quaint little toy".[139] When the second annex was built in the 1990s, Peter Slatin wrote for The New York Times that the first tower "exemplifies the now largely discarded approach to designing buildings that clearly denote their separateness from their historic setting".[6] Christopher Gray wrote for The New York Times in 2010 that the Knox Building "makes the sumptuous New York Public Library [main building] look positively demure".[18]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The building is variously cited as having been constructed in 1934[14] or 1935.[15]
  2. ^ The Knox Building has also been cited as having 11 stories.[17]
  3. ^ The tower was designed chiefly by lead partner Eli Attia. Brad Perkins left the firm while the tower was under construction, with the tower being completed under the design supervision of Eli Attia Architects.[5][19]
  4. ^ Media reports initially valued the sale at $330 million.[106][107]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "HSBC Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  2. ^ a b c "HSBC Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. ^ a b c "Federal Register: 48 Fed. Reg. 8425 (Mar. 1, 1983)" (PDF). Library of Congress. March 1, 1983. p. 8653 (PDF p. 237). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d "452 5 Avenue, 10018". New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Slatin, Peter (December 11, 1994). "Back-office structure to rise on West 40th, south of Bryant Park". The New York Times. p. R7. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 109314094.
  7. ^ a b "Reported Deal for Knox Building, on Fifth Avenue". New-York Tribune. January 3, 1920. p. 17. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  8. ^ a b c "Real Estate News". New York Daily Herald. January 3, 1920. p. 6. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "The Burtons Buy Old Kip Residence; Record Price of $700,000 for Fifth Avenue Property, Frontage Being 33 Feet". The New York Times. December 14, 1911. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  10. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1980, p. 2; National Park Service 1982, p. 5.
  11. ^ "Catharine Street as Select Shopping Centre Recalled in Lord & Taylor's Coming Removal; Business Established on Lower East Side in 1826, and Brooks Brothers Had Store on Cherry Street Corner – In 1850 Broadway Above Grand Street Became Popular Retail Section – In Last Ten Years Movement Has Been to Fifth Avenue North of 34th Street". The New York Times. November 3, 1912. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  12. ^ Percival, Marianne (October 30, 2007). "Lord & Taylor Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  13. ^ Williams, Sarah (March 12, 1985). "B. Altman & Company" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 5, 2021. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  14. ^ a b c d e f McMorrow 1988, p. 80.
  15. ^ a b Huxtable, Ada Louise (November 8, 1979). "Remnants of an Era: Two Silent Stores". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  16. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1980, p. 3; National Park Service 1982, p. 5.
  17. ^ "Great Changes Looked for in Block Opposite New Library; Belief that Its Residential Character Cannot Long Be Preserved, in Spite of Restrictions and High Prices – Its Adaptability for Re-improvement – Growth of Surrounding Neighborhood" (PDF). The New York Times. December 18, 1904. p. 17. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  18. ^ a b c Gray, Christopher (April 21, 2011). "A Building Befitting the Hat's Heyday". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  19. ^ a b c d McMorrow 1988, p. 86.
  20. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1980, p. 1.
  21. ^ a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 1980, p. 3; National Park Service 1982, p. 2.
  22. ^ a b c d e "Working in China Might Be Easier" (PDF). Oculus. Vol. 56, no. 3. November 1993. pp. 3–4. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g Greer, William R. (March 7, 1982). "A New Style Making Its Mark". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  24. ^ a b c d e Horsley, Carter B. (August 16, 1981). "New Tower for Republic National Bank". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006). New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium. New York: Monacelli Press. p. 532. ISBN 978-1-58093-177-9. OCLC 70267065. OL 22741487M.
  26. ^ a b McMorrow 1988, p. 83.
  27. ^ a b c d e f McMorrow 1988, p. 82.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g McMorrow 1988, p. 85.
  29. ^ a b c d "New building in New York links three old ones" (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 170. January 1982. p. 39. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  30. ^ a b Johnston, Laurie; Anderson, Susan Heller (April 16, 1983). "New York Day by Day; Storing the Glories Of a 5-and-10". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  31. ^ "452 Fifth Avenue by STUDIOS Architecture". Architizer. October 29, 2011. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  32. ^ "452 Fifth Lobby Renovation". Kajima Building & Design Group Inc. August 7, 2019. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  33. ^ a b c d e f Kennedy, Shawn G. (November 6, 1985). "About Real Estate; Complex Project Ending at Bank's Fifth Ave. Site". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  34. ^ a b c Kennedy, Shawn G. (March 23, 1983). "About Real Estate; Republic National's Expansion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  35. ^ Hundred Year Association of New York; Schuyler, P.N. (1942). The Hundred Year Book: Being the Story of the Members of the Hundred Year Association of New York. A. S. Barnes. p. 177. Archived from the original on September 3, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  36. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1980, p. 1; National Park Service 1982, p. 5.
  37. ^ a b "Where to Find Knox Hats: a New Store at Fifth-ave. And Fortieth-st". New-York Tribune. October 12, 1902. p. A4. ProQuest 571167547.
  38. ^ "His Hats Worn the World Over". New-York Tribune. May 8, 1900. p. 2. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  39. ^ a b c "Review of the Week". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 67, no. 1717. February 9, 1901. p. 234. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 – via columbia.edu.
  40. ^ a b "A New Fifth-ave. Store: It Would Surprise Those Who Frequented Knox's "Hole in the Wall" in Fulton-st". New-York Tribune. October 1, 1902. p. 7. ProQuest 571278072.
  41. ^ "In the Real Estate Field". The New York Times. February 3, 1901. p. 9. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  42. ^ "In the Real Estate Field; Good Volume of Dealing in Small Properties – Several Valuable Parcels Conveyed to New Owners" (PDF). The New York Times. February 8, 1901. p. 14. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  43. ^ "Col. Kip's Old Home Changes Hands". New-York Tribune. April 2, 1901. p. 9. ProQuest 570986854.
  44. ^ "In the Real Estate Field". The New York Times. April 2, 1901. p. 11. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  45. ^ "Review of the Week". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 67, no. 1722. March 16, 1901. p. 455. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 – via columbia.edu.
  46. ^ "Real Estate". New-York Tribune. May 30, 1901. p. 11. ProQuest 570925211.
  47. ^ "In the Real Estate Field; C.t. Barney Buys 101 Lots Near Broadway and 134th Street" (PDF). The New York Times. May 30, 1901. p. 5. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  48. ^ "Women's and Men's Hats: a New Departure Which Meets With Favor". New-York Tribune. March 29, 1903. p. 33. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  49. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1980, p. 4; National Park Service 1982, p. 3.
  50. ^ "Tax Value of City Buildings: Big Shops in Fifth Avenue Shopping Centre Show Increased Values" (PDF). The New York Times. October 4, 1914. p. C5. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  51. ^ "New Color Photography Process Perfected; Two Young Inventors Make Pictures in Natural Hues and Take as Many Prints as They Desire from One Exposure" (PDF). The New York Times. March 26, 1916. p. SM12. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  52. ^ "In the Real Estate Field; Another Purchase by John D. Crimmins in the "Watt Block" – Model Tenement for Eleventh Avenue Corner – Other Dealings" (PDF). The New York Times. April 16, 1909. p. 14. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  53. ^ "The Real Estate Field; Metropolitan Club Buys Adjoining Property on East Sixtieth Street – the Roxborough Apartment in a $1,100,000 Deal – Investor Buys Upper Broadway Comer – Big Throg's Neck Sale" (PDF). The New York Times. November 29, 1911. p. 17. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 29, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  54. ^ "Loft Space in Demand". New-York Tribune. April 14, 1909. p. 10. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  55. ^ "Republicans Make Ready; National Committee Leases Floor for Sub-Headquarters Here" (PDF). The New York Times. April 13, 1918. p. 13. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  56. ^ "Mary Pickford's Pay Is $1,037,500 a Year". New-York Tribune. April 12, 1918. p. 16. ProQuest 575854494.
  57. ^ "Republicans Seek More Commodious Quarters". New-York Tribune. December 27, 1919. p. 2. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  58. ^ a b "Fifth Avenue Lease Sold; August Heckscher Buys $2,000,000 Knox Building Leasehold" (PDF). The New York Times. January 8, 1922. p. 126. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  59. ^ "Heckscher Buys 5th Av. Leasehold". New York Herald. January 8, 1922. p. 64. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  60. ^ "Heckscher's Big Realty Holdings: Holds Title to Eleven Big Office Buildings, Exceeding $30,- 000,000 in Value". The New York Times. August 5, 1923. p. RE1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 103194447.
  61. ^ "Industrialist Is Putting His Millions Into Gilt-Edge Real Estate; Holds Eleven Big Structures Valued at From $30,000,000 to $35,000,000". New-York Tribune. August 5, 1923. p. C1. ProQuest 1237337842.
  62. ^ "Architect Leases Quarters On Madison Avenue: Electus D. Litchfield Rents Offices in Building at 57th Street; Other Leases". The New York Herald, New York Tribune. May 26, 1926. p. 36. ProQuest 1113070099.
  63. ^ "New Picture Corporation Formed". The Sun. Baltimore. February 22, 1920. p. MS7. ProQuest 534554844.
  64. ^ "Business Leases.; London Perfumers Take Fifth Av. Floor—other Rentals" (PDF). The New York Times. November 22, 1928. p. 56. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  65. ^ "Knox Hat Company Renews Lease" (PDF). The New York Times. March 9, 1928. p. 20. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  66. ^ "Heckscher Realty Under New Agency; Buildings Valued at $5,600,000 Will Be Managed by the Ashforth Company" (PDF). The New York Times. February 5, 1935. p. 38. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  67. ^ "Knox Hat Corp. Expands Store On 5th Avenue: Firm Adds 3,600 Sq Ft. to 40th St. Corner Branch; Other Midtown Rentals". New York Herald Tribune. December 24, 1935. p. 29. ProQuest 1260666892.
  68. ^ "Many Stores Leased in Midtown Section; Large Space at Fifth Av. And 37th St. Will Be Altered for Apparel Shop" (PDF). The New York Times. August 5, 1936. p. 38. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  69. ^ "Radio Coneern Rents Quarters On 5th Avenue: Interstate Broadcasting Co. Takes Plaza Zone Space; Other Business Leases". New York Herald Tribune. August 5, 1936. p. 34. ProQuest 1222112344.
  70. ^ "Real Estate News in City and Country Reviewed: Hair Dressers Lease Floor in Knox Building Julian, Inc., Takes Quarters at 5th Avenue, 40th St.; Garment Makers Rent". New York Herald Tribune. February 21, 1934. p. 34. ProQuest 1240124667.
  71. ^ "Business Space Market Active In Many Zones: Doughty Advertising Firm Takes Lexington Avenue Floor; Restaurant Leases". New York Herald Tribune. October 31, 1934. p. 32. ProQuest 1243787145.
  72. ^ "Knox Building on 5th Ave. Sold To Group Planning a New Bank". The New York Times. September 4, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  73. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1980, p. 4; National Park Service 1982, p. 2.
  74. ^ "Many of City's 'New' Buildings Are Just Old Ones Redressed: Old Steel-Framed Buildings Are Stripped and Clad Anew". The New York Times. November 21, 1965. p. R1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 117021095.
  75. ^ "Kennedy Cuts Ribbon at a New Bank on Fifth Ave". The New York Times. January 25, 1966. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  76. ^ a b c Blair, William G. (June 27, 1981). "Plans That Could Change Fifth Avenue...while Renewal Proceeds". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  77. ^ Barmash, Isadore (September 16, 1977). "S. H. Kress Store on Fifth Ave. Will Be Closed in 4 to 6 Weeks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  78. ^ Fowler, Glenn (June 13, 1974). "Protection Voted for City Greenery". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  79. ^ a b c d Chadwick, Bruce (September 22, 1981). "Bank headquarters slated for Fifth Ave". New York Daily News. p. 98. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  80. ^ Goldberger, Paul (December 11, 1978). "New Buildings Squeezing Into a Crowded Midtown". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  81. ^ Oser, Alan S. (February 25, 1981). "About Real Estate; Office Market Improves in the Grand Central South Area". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  82. ^ Stanley, W. E. (December 1981). "Special Report: Bank Buildings-Creating the New Without Disturbing the Old". ABA Banking Journal. Vol. 73, no. 12. p. 81.
  83. ^ Shepard, Joan (February 15, 1985). "Landmark-eligible facade lost". New York Daily News. p. 160. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  84. ^ "The City; Work on Facade Allowed to Go On". The New York Times. February 23, 1985. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  85. ^ Gray, Christopher (April 10, 2014). "Demolished Club Casts a Long Shadow". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  86. ^ Scherreik, Susan (March 23, 1994). "Real Estate; Republic National Bank Is Leasing More Office Space Near Its Midtown Headquarters Tower". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  87. ^ a b Howe, Marvine (September 26, 1993). "Neighborhood Report: Midtown; Esthetics vs. 500 Jobs". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  88. ^ Howe, Marvine (November 7, 1993). "Neighborhood Report: Midtown Update; Bank Agrees to Remodel in Basic Brick". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  89. ^ Hicks, Jonathan P. (May 20, 1994). "Bank Takes Giuliani Incentives To Keep Workers in New York". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  90. ^ Henry, David (May 20, 1994). "Republic Bank Won't Take Jobs to Jersey Bank gets $6.4 million break on city, state taxes". Newsday. p. 49. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  91. ^ Grant, Peter (May 2, 1994). "City set to fast-track Republic Bank addition". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 10, no. 18. p. 14. ProQuest 219127264.
  92. ^ Gray, Christopher (August 4, 2002). "Streetscapes/40th Street Between Fifth Avenue and Avenue of the Americas; Across From Bryant Park, a Block With Personality". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  93. ^ "David Chipperfield's New Tower Brings Beauty and Brains to Bryant Park". Metropolis. September 11, 2018. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  94. ^ a b Caretsky & Herskovits 1997, p. 51.
  95. ^ Caretsky & Herskovits 1997, p. 50.
  96. ^ Caretsky & Herskovits 1997, p. 52.
  97. ^ Rothstein, Mervyn (May 6, 1998). "Commercial Real Estate; A Stretch of Fifth Avenue Is Turning Into a Corridor for Computers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  98. ^ "HSBC deal adds a wealth of depositors". Democrat and Chronicle. May 11, 1999. p. 32. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  99. ^ Krebsbach, Karen (June 2002). "HSBC Launches Brokerage Unit Next to Existing Manhattan Office". Bank Investment Marketing. Vol. 10, no. 5. p. 9. ProQuest 209359951.
  100. ^ "HSBC Shops Fifth Avenue Tower". Real Estate Finance and Investment. September 1, 2008. ProQuest 197822332.
  101. ^ "HSBC Opts Not to Sell". Real Estate Finance and Investment. October 6, 2008. ProQuest 197821806.
  102. ^ "HSBC May Put Headquarters and Other Buildings on Block". The New York Times. April 12, 2009. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  103. ^ Cimilluca, Dana (April 14, 2009). "HSBC's Property Sale: Its HQ and 2 Other Sites". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  104. ^ "Bids In On HSBC Building". Real Estate Finance and Investment. June 29, 2009. ProQuest 197831816.
  105. ^ Lewis, Christina S. N.; Sidel, Robin (August 13, 2009). "Feeling Roomy, J.P. Morgan Shops Its Space". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  106. ^ a b c Kowsmann, Patricia (October 6, 2009). "HSBC Office Fetches $330 Million". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  107. ^ a b c Sanders, Sarabeth (October 6, 2009). "Cayre says $300M buy will be first of many". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  108. ^ a b "CMBS Funding Aids Investors' Gain on NYC's HSBC Tower". Dow Jones Institutional News. July 10, 2012. ProQuest 2116096574.
  109. ^ a b Mashayekhi, Rey (May 29, 2015). "PBC has "no intention" of selling HSBC Tower in Bryant Park". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  110. ^ a b c Gregor, Alison (October 2, 2012). "Bryant Park Office Rents Outperform the Rest of Midtown". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  111. ^ a b "IDB Group completes phase 1 of $22 million capital improvement plan and repositioning of tower". New York Real Estate Journal. September 12, 2011. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  112. ^ "Knox Building". PBDW Architects. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  113. ^ "Plots & Ploys / Breaking News From WSJ.com's Developments Blog". Wall Street Journal. July 11, 2012. p. C8. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 1024341732.
  114. ^ Ewing, Michael (December 6, 2013). "Tilden Park Capital Management Inks at 452 Fifth Avenue". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on May 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  115. ^ Christian, Brazil Bautista (August 26, 2015). "452 Fifth dimension has Israeli owners on lookout for other space". Real Estate Weekly. Archived from the original on February 8, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  116. ^ "452 Fifth dimension has Israeli owners on lookout for other space". Real Estate Weekly. August 26, 2015. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  117. ^ "JLL cozies up with PBC". Real Estate Weekly. March 18, 2015. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  118. ^ Clarke, Katherine (April 5, 2017). "HSBC renews 548K sf lease at 452 Fifth". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  119. ^ "Glickman and Riguardi of JLL lead team in 548,000 s/f HSBC lease at 452 Fifth Avenue; Elefant and Popper of PBC represent ownership". NYREJ. May 2, 2017. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  120. ^ Larsen, Keith (October 21, 2021). "PBC to Sell HSBC Building, $2B U.S. Real Estate Portfolio". The Real Deal New York. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  121. ^ "Andrew Chung's Innovo Property grabs HSBC building in Bryant Park". The Real Deal New York. December 5, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  122. ^ Scheer, Steven (December 5, 2021). "Israeli firm to sell HSBC Tower in New York for $855 million". Reuters. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  123. ^ Young, Celia (December 6, 2021). "Innovo Buying HSBC Tower at 452 Fifth Avenue for Roughly $855M". Commercial Observer. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  124. ^ "Innovo Group Bid for HSBC Midtown Tower Could Fall Apart". The Real Deal New York. May 16, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  125. ^ Gourarie, Chava (May 16, 2022). "Innovo's Deal to Purchase HSBC Building for $855M at Risk". Commercial Observer. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  126. ^ Hallum, Mark (May 3, 2022). "HSBC Bank Signs for 265K SF for New HQ at The Spiral in Hudson Yards". Commercial Observer. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  127. ^ "Tishman Speyer's The Spiral Leases 265K Square Feet to HSBC". The Real Deal New York. May 2, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  128. ^ "Behind Andrew Chung's Botched Bid to Acquire the HSBC Building". The Real Deal New York. July 13, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  129. ^ "PBC Nears $385M Loan at HSBC Tower After Sale Collapses". The Real Deal New York. May 26, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  130. ^ Heschmeyer, Mark (February 27, 2023). "Sale of HSBC Tower in New York Falls Through Again". CoStar. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  131. ^ Hall, Miriam (March 1, 2023). "Deal For HSBC Tower Sale Collapses For Second Time". Bisnow. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
  132. ^ "Novartis, HBK grab office space in New York City". New York Business Journal. January 25, 2023. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
  133. ^ Hallum, Mark (January 25, 2023). "Alternate Investment Firm, Pharma Company Ink Deals at 452 Fifth Avenue". Commercial Observer. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
  134. ^ Wong, Natalie (July 14, 2023). "JPMorgan Eyes Sale of $350 Million Loan on Manhattan's HSBC Tower". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
  135. ^ Dilakian, Steven; Larsen, Keith (March 12, 2024). "PBC Wants To Buy Its Debt on HSBC Tower". The Real Deal. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
  136. ^ Dilakian, Steven; Larsen, Keith (May 30, 2024). "PBC Lands $385M From Israeli Bond Market". The Real Deal. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
  137. ^ Small, Eddie (May 31, 2024). "452 Fifth owner pays off JPMorgan loan with Tel Aviv Stock Exchange funding". Crain's New York Business. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
  138. ^ Huxtable, Ada Louise (January 28, 1968). "A Matter Of Urban Delight; Architecture Of Urban Delight" (PDF). The New York Times. p. D31. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  139. ^ Goldberger, Paul (February 19, 1984). "Mediocre Skyscrapers Dominate the Skyline". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 452 Fifth Avenue.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=452_Fifth_Avenue&oldid=1242373630"