LMS Jubilee Class

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LMS Jubilee Class
45578 United Provinces at Stockport in 1957.
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer William Stanier Builder LMS Crewe Works - (131) LMS Derby Works - (10) North British Loco - (50) Order number LMS Lot nos. 97, 112, 113, 118, 121, 129 Build date 1934–1936 Total produced 191
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-6-0  • UIC 2′C h3 Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) Leading dia. 3 ft 3+1⁄2 in (1.003 m) Driver dia. 6 ft 9 in (2.057 m) Length 64 ft 8+3⁄4 in (19.73 m) Loco weight 79.55 long tons (89.10 short tons; 80.83 t) Tender weight 54.65 long tons (61.21 short tons; 55.53 t) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 9 long tons (10 short tons; 9.1 t) Water cap. 3,500 imp gal (16,000 L; 4,200 US gal) Fowler tender - 4,000 imp gal (18,000 L; 4,800 US gal) Stanier tender Firebox: ​  • Grate area 29+1⁄2 or 31 sq ft (2.74 or 2.88 m2) Boiler LMS type 3A Boiler pressure 225 psi (1.55 MPa) Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 162 or 181 sq ft (15.1 or 16.8 m2)  • Tubes and flues 1,372 to 1,470 sq ft (127.5 to 136.6 m2) Superheater: ​  • Heating area 228 to 331 sq ft (21.2 to 30.8 m2) Cylinders Three Cylinder size 17 in × 26 in (432 mm × 660 mm) Valve gear Walschaerts Valve type Piston valves
Performance figures Tractive effort 26,610 lbf (118.4 kN)
Career Operators London, Midland and Scottish Railway, British Railways Power class LMS: 5XP BR (pre-1955): 6P BR (post-1955) 6P5F (never displayed on cabsides) Numbers LMS: 5552–5742 BR: 45552–45742 Nicknames Red Staniers, Jubes Axle load class BR: Route Availability 8 Withdrawn 1952 (1), 1960–1967 Disposition Four preserved, remainder scrapped
For the details of the two rebuilt locomotives, see LMS Rebuilt Jubilee Class

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Jubilee Class is a class of steam locomotive designed for main line passenger work. 191 locomotives were built between 1934 and 1936. They were built concurrently with the similar looking LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0. They were nicknamed Red Staniers (due to their crimson liveries) and Jubs.^[1][2]

The last five locomotives of Henry Fowler's Patriot class on order, 5552 to 5556, were built with William Stanier's taper boiler and so became the first of the Jubilee class. 113 locomotives were ordered straight from the drawing board. They were initially a disappointment; their moderate degree of superheating often left them short of steam. Changes to the blastpipe and chimney dimensions helped to transform them.

On 29 April 1935 no. 5552, the first of the class, permanently swapped identities with no. 5642 which had been named Silver Jubilee on 19 April 1935 in recognition of the Silver Jubilee of King George V on 6 May of that year. This change gave the name to the rest of the class, see LMS Jubilee Class 5552 Silver Jubilee. Earlier on (from summer 1934), they had been known as the "Red Staniers" (because of the crimson livery), to distinguish them from the "Black Staniers" (the LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0 class).^[3] These engines were named after former Commonwealth states and countries of the British Empire, British admirals, British naval commanders, and finally, ships in the British Navy named after characters from Greek Mythology.

Until the late 1950s, Jubilees were the largest express engine normally found on the lines running out of St Pancras. They practically monopolized the role of the main express engine, with the occasional Royal Scot popping up, or radiating from Derby. They could nevertheless be found on main lines throughout the former LMS system. They were also regarded as a powerful upgrade from both of the older Compound 4-4-0 locomotives, both the MR 1000 Class and the LMS Compound 4-4-0 as well. The Jubilees were a rather common sight on the Midland Main Line, the West Coast Main Line, and the Settle-Carlisle line, but were eventually displaced by the much more powerful Royal Scots during the 1940s.^[4]

The power classification was 5XP, in common with the earlier Patriot class.^[5] In January 1951 the classification was revised to 6P and in November 1955 to 6P5F but this change was not applied to the locomotives' cabsides, which continued to show 6P.^[6]

Five members of the class were fitted with a double chimney at different times. 5684 Jutland was the first, fitted with a double Kylchap in 1937.^[7] The double chimney did improve the power of the locos and also improved the coal consumption. It only carried this fitment for one year. 5742 Connaught was the next, being fitted with a plain double exhaust in 1940 which it carried until 1955.^[7] 5553 Canada was also fitted in 1940 but carried the double chimney for a short time.^[7] 5735 Comet and 5736 Phoenix were rebuilt with a 2A taper boiler and double chimney in 1942 to become the Rebuilt Jubilee Class.^[8] These two one-offs were have said to be a direct upgrade in performance in both power and steaming abilities from the non-rebuilt Jubilees, and similar in performance to the Rebuilt Patriot Class, however they were 3 tons heavier than the non-rebuilds, thus limiting their route availability. They were to have been the prototypes for the rebuilding of the entire class but were, in the end, the only Jubilees so to be treated. (They were reclassified 6P in July 1943,^[9] and 7P in 1951).^[10] As part of experiments at the Rugby Locomotive Testing Station, no. 45722 Defence was fitted with a double chimney from 1956 to 1957.^[11] In 1961 a double exhaust was fitted to no. 45596 Bahamas which carried it through withdrawal and into preservation.^[12]

Although built over only a three-year period the class had many variations due to improvements being made as they were built. The major differences were:

• Boilers – 10 variations, mainly affecting the number of tubes. The earlier boilers were domeless but later boilers were domed. There were two sizes of fire grate area depending on whether the firebox throatplate was straight or sloping.
• Bogies – Approximately 50 of the earlier locomotives were built with ex-Claughton bogies which had a 6 ft 3 in wheelbase compared to the later locomotives built with new bogies that had a wheelbase of 6 ft 6 in.
• Smokebox Saddle – The first 113 locomotives were built with a two piece saddle; the rest had a conventional one piece saddle.
• Tenders – Four basic patterns were fitted; Fowler 3,500 gallon. Fowler high-sided (10 off), Stanier 4,000 gallon and Stanier 3,500 gallon. These last tenders were difficult to identify, combining the high curved sides of the Stanier tender with the chassis from the earlier type Fowler tender. The easiest way to spot them is by the top row of horizontal rivets, slightly lower than on the 4,000 gallon version. However, taking into account rivets, wheelbase, and welds this can be subdivided into a total of eight patterns.

These locomotives had a bit of a mixed reception during their early working days, but while their reputation did improve over time, they didn't reach the same amount of praise as the Black 5 locomotives.^[13] When the first members were built, the original 113 batch of engines to be precise, engine crews said that they were often disappointing. Crews often said that they were poor steamers and that the older locomotives that would be eventually replaced by them often performed better. However, once the problem with these engines was found and fixed after several extensive trials took place (the problem being that the diameter of the blast pipe was too large for the engines to make proper steam), the Jubilees went from being a theoretical success to an actual success thanks to some modifications.^[14][15][16]

No. 45637 Windward Islands was destroyed in a severe accident in 1952, making it the first Jubilee engine to be scrapped. The remaining 188 locomotives were withdrawn between 1960 and 1967. The first of the standard withdrawals being 45609 Gilbert and Ellice Islands in September 1960 and the last engine to be withdrawn was No. 45562 Alberta from Leeds Holbeck shed (20A) on 4 November 1967. They were the last express engines from the Big Four days still in service.^[17]

• On 21 January 1938, locomotive No. 5568 Western Australia was hauling an express passenger train which was in a head-on collision with an empty stock train at Oakley Junction due to a combination of driver and signalman's errors. Three people were killed and 46 were injured.^[18]
• On 11 October 1943, locomotive 5581 Bihar and Orissa hauling the Leeds - Edinburgh express collided with a freight train being shunted into sidings at Steeton, Yorkshire. No one was killed but four people were injured.^[19][20]
• On 18 May 1948, locomotives 5609 Gilbert and Ellice Islands (train loco) and 5605 Cyprus (pilot), hauling the 11:45 am down (St Pancras to Bradford) express were derailed, along with 8 coaches of a 12-coach train on a 30 ft high embankment near Wath Road Junction, Rotherham, Yorkshire. The cause was track distortion in hot weather. Poor track maintenance was a contributing factor. 8 people died and 56 were injured.^[21] Both locos were repaired at Derby Works^[22] and returned to service.
• On 8 October 1952, a three-train collision occurred at Harrow & Wealdstone station, Middlesex. Locomotive No. 45637 Windward Islands was one of two locomotives hauling an express passenger train which crashed into wreckage. A total of 112 people were killed and 340 were injured. This remains the worst peacetime rail crash in the United Kingdom. The locomotive was consequently scrapped due to damage sustained.
• On 16 August 1953, locomotive No. 45699 Galatea was hauling a passenger train which became divided and was derailed at Kingsbury, Warwickshire due to a combination of defects on the locomotive and the condition of the track.^[23]
• On 20 July 1959, locomotive No. 45730 Ocean overran a signal and consequently crashed into Dock Junction Signal Box, London. Trains had to be handsignalled into and out of St Pancras station for several days afterwards.^[24]
• On 17 January 1964, No. 45695 Minotaur was involved in a head-on collision with a mail train and a freight train. The locomotive was deemed to be uneconomical to repair and was withdrawn and scrapped off-site.^[25]

Four Jubilees have been preserved, two each built by Crewe Works and by North British. 45593 and 45596 were purchased directly from BR for preservation. The other two were rescued from Woodham Brothers. All four have operated in preservation and all have run on the main line.

As of 2024^[update] two members of the class are operational and mainline certified: 45596 Bahamas, and 45699 Galatea. In May 2024 David Smith of West Coast Railways confirmed that he had purchased 45593 Kolhapur and that the locomotive was moving to Carnforth for overhaul at a future date, while 45690 Leander was about to undertake an overhaul.^[26]

A large number of parts were taken from sister engine 45562 Alberta, which was the subject matter of a few preservation attempts, one of them even tried to persuade Sir Billy Butlin to buy it, that failed before she was scrapped in 1968 and most parts exist on preserved sister engine Galatea.^[27][28]

Note: Marked names indicate that the loco is not presently wearing them. Loco numbers in bold mean their current number.

Number		Name	Builder	Built	Withdrawn	Service Life	Location	Owners	Livery	Condition	Mainline Certified	Photograph	Notes
LMS	BR
5593	45593	Kolhapur	North British Locomotive Company	Dec. 1934	Oct. 1967	32 Years, 10 months	Carnforth MPD	David Smith	LMS Crimson Lake	Awaiting Overhaul.	No		Formerly owned by Tyseley. Bought by David Smith in May 2024.[26]
5596	45596	Bahamas	North British Locomotive Company	Jan. 1935	Jul. 1966	31 Years, 6 months	Keighley and Worth Valley Railway	Bahamas Locomotive Society	BR Green, Late Crest	Operational. Boiler ticket expires: 2027.	Yes (2019 – Ongoing)		Only preserved Jubilee fitted with a double chimney.
5690	45690	Leander	Crewe Works	Mar. 1936	Mar. 1964	28 Years	Carnforth MPD	Chris Beet	BR Black, Early Emblem	Awaiting Overhaul. Boiler ticket expired: 12 May 2024.[29]	No (2014 – 2023)		Black nameplate on fireman's side and red nameplate on driver's side.
5699	45699 (45627)	Galatea (Sierra Leone)	Crewe Works	Apr. 1936	Nov. 1964	28 Years, 7 months	Carnforth MPD	David Smith	BR Green, Late Crest	Operational. Boiler ticket expires: Jan 2033.	Yes (2023 - Ongoing)		Presently disguised as scrapped classmate 45627 Sierra Leone. Returned to service in Jan 2023 working first test run in Feb 2023.[30]

• 
  45572 Eire at Water Orton. This locomotive was one of those renamed to reflect changes in the name of the territory after which they were called. Eire was originally Irish Free State.
• 
  45552 Silver Jubilee at Willesden Sheds.
• 
  45599 Bechuanaland traveling south down the WCML at Winwick Junction in March 1955
• 
  LMS Jubilee no. 45637 Windward Islands hauling an express train at Rugby station.
• 
  Jubilee No. 45664 Nelson awaiting duties at Agecroft Motive Power Depot.
• 
  45682 Trafalgar awaiting movement to Bird's Morriston scrapyard in 1964 following withdrawal from traffic
• 
  45690 Leander at Woodham Brothers Scrapyard in July 1968
• 
  45708 Resolution with an express from Liverpool to Birmingham

• 
  5593 Kolhapur on display in the carriage sidings at Cricklewood in 1969.
• 
  45699 Galatea arriving at Ely from Carnforth MPD with the Queen of Scots set of coaches in May 2013.
• 
  45690 Leander working down the Cumbrian Coast Line on Sat 30th Sept 2017.
• 
  45596 Bahamas at Appleby while working "The Bahamas Renaissance II" railtour on Sat 16 Feb 2019.
• 
  45690 Leander parked up alongside the Ffestiniog Railway in Blaenau Ffestiniog on Sat 3 Aug 2019. She and 48151 had worked a re-opening special for the "Conwy Valley Line" following closure for repairs.
• 
  45562 Alberta (45699 Galatea in disguise) taking on water in Sowerby Bridge while working "The Cotton Mill Express" from Lancaster to Blackburn on Sat 29 Feb 2020.
• 
  45562 Alberta stood at Preston's platform 5 waiting for the signal to depart with the last leg of 29 Feb's Cotton Mill Express.

Mainline Railways' catalogue included OO gauge LMS Jubilees with Fowler tenders in 1983; in LMS crimson, BR green and BR lined black liveries. Mainline also had a limited availability of other OO gauge Jubilee 5XPs the same year; an LMS crimson model of Leander and a BR green model of Orion.^[31] In early 2008, Bachmann introduced a OO gauge model of 45611 Hong Kong in BR green livery.^[32] Graham Farish have produced various British N gauge Jubilee models, including (in 2013) 5664 Nelson in LMS crimson and 45572 Eire in British Railways lined green with late crest.

• Clay, John F. (1971). Jubilees of the LMS. Ian Allan.
• Essery, Bob; Toms, George (1994). Historical Locomotive Monographs No 2: LMS Jubilees. Wild Swan Publications. ISBN 978-1-874103-17-2.
• Hawkins, Chris, ed. (November 2002). The Book of the Jubilee 4-6-0s. Irwell Press. ISBN 1-903266-27-0.
• Longworth, Hugh (2005). British Railway Steam Locomotives 1948-1968. ISBN 0-86093-593-0.
• Rowledge, J.W.P.; Reed, Brian (1984) [1977]. The Stanier 4-6-0s of the LMS. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-7385-4.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to LMS Jubilee Class.

• Jubilees
• Class JUBE Details at Rail UK
• Film of overhaul of no. 5605 on YouTube