Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia

Lieutenant governor of British Columbia
Emblem of the lieutenant governor
Flag of the lieutenant governor of British Columbia
Incumbent
Janet Austin OBC
since 24 April 2018
Viceroy
StyleHer Honour the Honourable
ResidenceGovernment House, Victoria
AppointerThe governor general on the advice of the prime minister
Term lengthAt the governor general's pleasure (usually 5 years)
Formation20 July 1871
First holderJoseph Trutch
Salary$126,241/year
Websitewww.ltgov.bc.ca

The lieutenant governor of British Columbia (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/) is the representative of the monarch in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The office of lieutenant governor is an office of the Crown and serves as a representative of the monarchy in the province, rather than the governor general of Canada. The office was created in 1871 when the Colony of British Columbia joined Confederation. Since then the lieutenant governor has been the representative of the monarchy in British Columbia. Previously, between 1858 and 1863 under colonial administration the title of lieutenant governor of British Columbia was given to Richard Clement Moody as commander of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment. This position coexisted with the office of governor of British Columbia served by James Douglas during that time.

The lieutenant governor of British Columbia is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties.[1] The present, and 30th, lieutenant governor of British Columbia is Janet Austin, who has served in the role since 24 April 2018.

Role and presence

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Further information: Lieutenant governor (Canada)

The lieutenant governor of British Columbia is vested with a number of governmental duties.

The viceroy is also expected to undertake various ceremonial roles. The lieutenant governor, him or herself a member and Chancellor of the order,[2] will induct deserving individuals into the Order of British Columbia and, upon installation, automatically becomes a Knight or Dame of Justice and the Vice-Prior in British Columbia of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem.[3] The viceroy further presents other provincial honours and decorations, as well as various awards that are named for and presented by the lieutenant governor; these are generally created in partnership with another government or charitable organization and linked specifically to their cause.[4] These honours are presented at official ceremonies, which count amongst hundreds of other engagements the lieutenant governor partakes in each year, either as host or guest of honour; the lieutenant governor of British Columbia undertook 350 engagements in 2006 and 390 in 2007.[5]

At these events, the lieutenant governor's presence is marked by the lieutenant governor's standard, consisting of a blue field bearing the escutcheon of the Arms of His Majesty in Right of British Columbia, surmounted by a crown and surrounded by ten gold maple leaves, symbolizing the ten provinces of Canada. Within British Columbia, the lieutenant governor also follows only the sovereign in the province's order of precedence, preceding even other members of the Canadian Royal Family and the Canadian monarch's federal representative, the governor general of Canada.

History

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Further information: List of lieutenant governors of British Columbia
First lieutenant governor of the Province of British Columbia, Sir Joseph William Trutch KCMG, 1871–1876

The first British settlement in the area was the Colony of British Columbia, of which the first lieutenant governor was Richard Clement Moody, who had previously served as the first governor of the Falkland Islands. Moody selected the site for and founded New Westminster—the original capital of British Columbia—and established Cariboo Road and Stanley Park. He named Burnaby Lake after his private secretary, Robert Burnaby, and named Port Coquitlam's 400-foot (120 m) Mary Hill after his wife, Mary.[6] Port Moody is named after him.

The original Colony of British Columbia was amalgamated with the Colony of Vancouver Island in 1866. That larger jurisdiction was succeeded by the present-day province of British Columbia, following the territory's entry into Canadian Confederation in 1871, when the present office of the lieutenant governor of British Columbia came into being.[7]

Since 1871, 28 lieutenant governors have served the province, including firsts such as David Lam—the first Asian-Canadian lieutenant governor in Canada—and Iona Campagnolo—the first female lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The shortest mandate by a lieutenant governor of British Columbia was Edward Gawler Prior, from 1919 to his death in 1920, while the longest was George Pearkes, from October 1960 to July 1968.

Standard of the lieutenant governor of British Columbia from 1906 to 1982
Standard of the lieutenant governor of British Columbia from 1871 to 1906

In 1903, before political parties were a part of British Columbia politics, Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière was the last lieutenant governor in Canada to dismiss an incumbent premier, Edward Gawler Prior, from office. Prior had been found to have given an important construction contract to his own hardware business;[8] though, he was later appointed as lieutenant governor himself. In 1952, without a clear majority in the legislative assembly following the general election, Lieutenant Governor Clarence Wallace was required to exercise his personal judgement in selecting the province's premier. Though the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF; now the New Democratic Party) held one fewer seat than the Social Credit Party (Socred), Wallace was under pressure to call on the CCF leader to form a government.[9] Wallace, however, went with Socred leader W.A.C. Bennett, which resulted in the start of a 20-year dynasty for the latter.

The provincial election in 2017 resulted in neither the incumbent Liberals, nor the opposition New Democrats (NDP), winning a majority. The balance rested with the Green Party, which eventually agreed to support an NDP minority government with NDP leader John Horgan as premier.[10] Still, Premier Christy Clark refused to resign until she could test the legislative assembly's confidence in her.[11] As the vote on the Speech from the Throne is automatically a confidence vote and the speech was voted down, Clark's government fell.[12] She advised Lieutenant Governor Judith Guichon to call a new elections, contending that the NDP would be unable to provide a stable government due to the need for one of its members to act as speaker, likely resulting in frequent tied votes that could be broken only by the speaker. Guichon disagreed and refused to dissolve the legislature. Clark then resigned and Guichon invited Horgan to form a government,[13] which was sworn in by Guichon on 18 July.[14]

During Guichon's time serving as lieutenant governor, she put a strong focus on the interaction of the Crown in British Columbia with the Indigenous peoples in the province, which she said needed to be defined by "respect, relationships, and responsibility", stating that the Canadian monarchy was central to the treaty relationship.[15]

See also

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Bibliography

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  • McGregor, D.A. (1967). They Gave Royal Assent - The Lieutenant-Governors of British Columbia. Burnaby: Mitchell Press Limited.

References

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  1. ^ Constitution Act, 1867, Part V. Provincial Constitutions — Executive Power.
  2. ^ Provincial Symbols and Honours Act, RSBC 1996, c. 380, s. 13(2.b)
  3. ^ "Canada Wide > About Us > The Order of St. John > The Order of St. John in Canada". St. John Ambulance Canada. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2009.
  4. ^ Office of the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia. "Lieutenant Governor > Awards > Lieutenant Governor and Government House Foundation Awards". Queen's Printer for British Columbia. Archived from the original on 20 May 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
  5. ^ Berezovsky, Eugene (2009). Staff of Canadian Monarchist News (ed.). $1.52 per Canadian: The Cost of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy (PDF) (4 ed.). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
  6. ^ "Col. Richard Clement Moody -- Postscript". Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  7. ^ British Columbia Terms of Union, RSC 1985, App II, No. 10.
  8. ^ Francis, Daniel (ed.). "Edward Gawler Prior". The Encyclopedia of British Columbia. Vancouver: Harbour Publishing.
  9. ^ Mitchell, David J. (1983). W.A.C.: Bennett and the rise of British Columbia. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 978-0-88894-395-8.
  10. ^ Zussman, Richard (30 May 2017). "NDP-Green alliance to focus on electoral reform, stopping Kinder Morgan and banning big money". CBC News. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  11. ^ McElroy, Justin (30 May 2017). "Christy Clark to stay on as B.C. premier — for now". CBC News. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  12. ^ McElroy, Justin (29 June 2017). "B.C. Liberal government loses confidence vote 44–42, sparking either NDP government or election". CBC News. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  13. ^ Keller, James; Hunter, Justine; Hager, Mike. "B.C. NDP to take power following confidence vote, ending 16 years of Liberal rule". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  14. ^ McElroy, Justin (29 June 2017). "B.C.'s new NDP government sworn into office". CBC News. Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  15. ^ Jakson, D. Michael (8 February 2020), "Introduction: The Crown in a Time of Transition", in Jackson, D. Michael (ed.), Royal Progress: Canada's Monarchy in the Age of Disruption, Toronto: Dundurn, ISBN 9781459745759, retrieved 1 May 2023
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