List of Apocynaceae of South Africa

Apocynaceae (from Apocynum, Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants in the order Gentianales that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family,[1] because some taxa were used as dog poison.[2] Members of the family are native to the European, Asian, African, Australian, and American tropics or subtropics, with some temperate members.[1] The former family Asclepiadaceae (now known as Asclepiadoideae) is considered a subfamily of Apocynaceae and contains 348 genera. A list of Apocynaceae genera may be found here.

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[3] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[4]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[5]

111 genera are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing.[5] Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Acokanthera

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Genus Acokanthera:[5]

Adenium

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Genus Adenium:[5]

Ancylobothrys

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Genus Ancylobothrys:[5]

Anisotoma

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Genus Anisotoma:[5]

Araujia

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Genus Araujia:[5]

Arduina

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Genus Arduina:[5]

Asclepias

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Genus Asclepias:[5]

Aspidoglossum

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Genus Aspidoglossum:[5]

Aspidonepsis

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Genus Aspidonepsis:[5]

Astephanus

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Genus Astephanus:[5]

Australluma

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Genus Australluma:[5]

Brachystelma

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Genus Brachystelma:[5]

Callichilia

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Genus Callichilia:[5]

Calotropis

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Genus Calotropis:[5]

Caralluma

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Genus Caralluma:[5]

Carandas

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Genus Carandas:[5]

Carissa

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Genus Carissa:[5]

Cascabela

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Genus Cascabela:[5]

Catharanthus

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Genus Catharanthus:[5]

Ceropegia

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Genus Ceropegia:[5]

Chlorocyathus

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Genus Chlorocyathus:[5]

Cordylogyne

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Genus Cordylogyne:[5]

Cryptolepis

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Genus Cryptolepis:[5]

Cryptostegia

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Genus Cryptostegia:[5]

Curroria

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Genus Curroria:[5]

Cynanchum

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Genus Cynanchum:[5]

Daemia

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Genus Daemia:[5]

Dichaelia

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Genus Dichaelia:[5]

Diplorhynchus

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Genus Diplorhynchus:[5]

Dregea

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Genus Dregea:[5]

Duvalia

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Genus Duvalia:[5]

Echites

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Genus Echites:[5]

Ectadiopsis

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Genus Ectadiopsis:[5]

Ectadium

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Genus Ectadium:[5]

Emplectanthus

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Genus Emplectanthus:[5]

Ephippiocarpa

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Genus Ephippiocarpa:[5]

Eustegia

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Genus Eustegia:[5]

Fanninia

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Genus Fanninia:[5]

Fockea

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Genus Fockea:[5]

Gomphocarpus

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Genus Gomphocarpus:[5]

Gonioma

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Genus Gonioma:[5]

Gymnema

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Genus Gymnema:[5]

Holarrhena

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Genus Holarrhena:[5]

Hoodia

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Genus Hoodia:[5]

Huernia

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Genus Huernia:[5]

Huerniopsis

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Genus Huerniopsis:[5]

Ischnolepis

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Genus Ischnolepis:[5]

Jasminonerium

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Genus Jasminonerium:[5]

Kanahia

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Genus Kanahia:[5]

Lagarinthus

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Genus Lagarinthus:[5]

Landolphia

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Genus Landolphia:[5]

Larryleachia

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Genus Larryleachia:[5]

Lavrania

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Genus Lavrania:[5]

Luckhoffia

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Genus Luckhoffia:[5]

Macropetalum

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Genus Macropetalum:[5]

Marsdenia

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Genus Marsdenia:[5]

Microloma

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Genus Microloma:[5]

Miraglossum

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Genus Miraglossum:[5]

Mondia

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Genus Mondia:[5]

Nerium

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Genus Nerium:[5]

Notechidnopsis

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Genus Notechidnopsis:[5]

Oncinema

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Genus Oncinema:[5]

Oncinotis

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Genus Oncinotis:[5]

Ophionella

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Genus Ophionella:[5]

Orbea

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Genus Orbea:[5]

Orbeanthus

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Genus Orbeanthus:[5]

Orbeopsis

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Genus Orbeopsis:[5]

Orthanthera

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Genus Orthanthera:[5]

Pachycarpus

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Genus Pachycarpus:[5]

Pachycymbium

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Genus Pachycymbium:[5]

Pachypodium

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Genus Pachypodium:[5]

Parapodium

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Genus Parapodium:[5]

Pectinaria

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Genus Pectinaria:[5]

Pentarrhinum

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Genus Pentarrhinum:[5]

Pentopetia

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Genus Pentopetia:[5]

Pergularia

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Genus Pergularia:[5]

  • Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. indigenous
    • Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. daemia, indigenous
    • Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. garipensis (E.Mey.) Goyder, indigenous
    • Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. daemia, accepted as Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. daemia
    • Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. leiocarpa (K.Schum.) H.Huber, accepted as Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. garipensis (E.Mey.) Goyder, indigenous

Periglossum

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Genus Periglossum:[5]

Petopentia

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Genus Petopentia:[5]

Piaranthus

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Genus Piaranthus:[5]

Quaqua

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Genus Quaqua:[5]

  • Quaqua acutiloba (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
  • Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes, indigenous
    • Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. arenicola, endemic
    • Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. pilifera (Bruyns) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
    • Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. arenicola (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. arenicola, present
    • Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. armata, endemic
    • Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. maritima Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. pilifera Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. pilifera (Bruyns) Bruyns, present
  • Quaqua aurea (C.A.Luckh.) Plowes, endemic
  • Quaqua bayeriana (Bruyns) Plowes, endemic
  • Quaqua cincta (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua framesii (Pillans) Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns, indigenous
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. aurea (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua aurea (C.A.Luckh.) Plowes, present
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. hottentotorum (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. incarnata, endemic
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. incarnata var. tentaculata, accepted as Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. tentaculata (Bruyns) Bruyns, present
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. tentaculata (Bruyns) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua inversa (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua inversa (N.E.Br.) Bruyns var. cincta (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua cincta (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, present
  • Quaqua linearis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua mammillaris (L.) Bruyns, indigenous
  • Quaqua marlothii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua arida (N.E.Br.) Plowes, endemic
  • Quaqua multiflora (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua pallens Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns, indigenous
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. bayeriana Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua bayeriana (Bruyns) Plowes, present
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. confusa (Plowes) Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. dependens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. gracilis (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. parviflora, endemic
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. pulchra Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua pulchra (Bruyns) Plowes, present
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. swanepoelii (Lavranos) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua pillansii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua pruinosa (Masson) Bruyns, indigenous
  • Quaqua pulchra (Bruyns) Plowes, endemic
  • Quaqua ramosa (Masson) Bruyns, endemic

Raphionacme

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Genus Raphionacme:[5]

Rauvolfia

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Genus Rauvolfia:[5]

Rhyssolobium

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Genus Rhyssolobium:[5]

Richtersveldia

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Genus Richtersveldia:[5]

Riocreuxia

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Genus Riocreuxia:[5]

Sarcostemma

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Genus Sarcostemma:[5]

  • Sarcostemma pearsonii N.E.Br. accepted as Cynanchum pearsonianum Liede & Meve, indigenous
  • Sarcostemma tetrapterum Turcz. accepted as Cynanchum tetrapterum (Turcz.) R.A.Dyer ex Bullock, present
  • Sarcostemma thunbergii G.Don, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. thunbergii (G.Don) Liede & Meve, indigenous
  • Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. viminale, indigenous
    • Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. orangeanum Liede & Meve, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. orangeanum (Liede & Meve) Liede & Meve, endemic
    • Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. suberosum Meve & Liede, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. suberosum (Meve & Liede) Goyder, indigenous
    • Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. thunbergii (G.Don) Liede & Meve, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. thunbergii (G.Don) Liede & Meve, indigenous

Schizoglossum

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Genus Schizoglossum:[5]

Schizostephanus

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Genus Schizostephanus:[5]

Secamone

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Genus Secamone:[5]

Sisyranthus

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Genus Sisyranthus:[5]

Sphaerocodon

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Genus Sphaerocodon:[5]

Stapelia

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Genus Stapelia:[5]

Stapeliopsis

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Genus Stapeliopsis:[5]

Stenostelma

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Genus Stenostelma:[5]

Stomatostemma

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Genus Stomatostemma:[5]

Strophanthus

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Genus Strophanthus:[5]

Tabernaemontana

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Genus Tabernaemontana:[5]

Tacazzea

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Genus Tacazzea:[5]

Tavaresia

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Genus Tavaresia:[5]

Telosma

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Genus Telosma:[5]

Tenaris

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Genus Tenaris:[5]

Thevetia

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Genus Thevetia:[5]

Trachycalymma

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Genus Trachycalymma:[5]

Trichocaulon

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Genus Trichocaulon:[5]

Tridentea

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Genus Tridentea:[5]

Tromotriche

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Genus Tromotriche:[5]

Tylophora

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Genus Tylophora, now included in Vincetoxicum:[6]

Vinca

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Genus Vinca:[5]

Voacanga

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Genus Voacanga:[5]

Woodia

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Genus Woodia:[5]

Wrightia

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Genus Wrightia:[5]

Xysmalobium

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Genus Xysmalobium:[5]

Hybrids

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[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b Endress, M.E.; Bruyns, P.V. (2000). "A revised classification of the Apocynaceae s.l." (PDF). The Botanical Review. 66 (1): 1–56. doi:10.1007/BF02857781. S2CID 31739212.
  2. ^ Simpson, Michael George (2010). Plant Systematics. ISBN 9780123743800.
  3. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  4. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  6. ^ "Search for Tylophora R.Br". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 February 2023.