Overview map of the world at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, color-coded by cultural stage: Palaeolithic or Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
nomadic pastoralists
simple farming societies
The Bronze Age (c. 3300–1200 BC) marks the emergence of the first complex state societies , and by the Middle Bronze Age (mid-3rd millennium BC) the first empires. This is a list of Bronze Age polities.
By the end of the Bronze Age, complex state societies were mostly limited to the Fertile Crescent and to China , while Bronze Age tribal chiefdoms with less complex forms of administration were found throughout Bronze Age Europe and Central Asia, in the northern Indian subcontinent , and in parts of Mesoamerica and the Andes (although these latter societies were not in the Bronze Age cultural stage).
The Hittite Empire shown in blue, late Bronze Age, 1400 BC Name Capital State type Existed Akkadian Empire Akkad Empire 2334–2154 BC Alashiya Enkomi, Kalavasos Kingdom 1450–1050 BC Amurru Sumer Kingdom 2000–1200 BC Arme-Shupria Van Kingdom 1290–1190 BC Armi Armi Kingdom city state/client 2290–40 BC Arzawa Apasa Confederation of principalities 1700–1300 BC Assyria Assur Kingdom 2025–934 BC Assuwa league Various Confederation of city states 1400–1250 BC Babylonia Babylon Kingdom 1894–1595 BCf Byblos Byblos City state 1800–970 BC Canaan Various Confederation of city states 2000–1194 BC Dilmun Qal'at Kingdom 2600–675 BC Ebla Ebla Kingdom 3500–1600 BC Elam Susa Kingdom 2700–1210 BC Eshnuna Eshnunna Kingdom city state 2000 BC – 8th century BC Gutium Arrapkha Kingdom 2141–2050 BC Hatti Hattusa Principality city states 2700–1900 BC Hayasa-Azzi Samuha 2 Kingdom confederation 1500–1190 BC Hitti Hattussa Kingdom 1900–1600 BC Hittite Empire Hattusa Empire 1600–1178 BC Hyksos Itjtawy, Thebes Confederacy 1800–1178 BC Isuwa not specified Kingdom 2800 – 12th c BC Kassite Babylon Kingdom 1750–1135 BC Kaskia Zalpa, Nerik Tribal confederation/kingdom 1430–1200 BC Kizzuwatna Kummanni Kingdom 1600–1220 BC Kussara Kussara Kingdom city states 1900–1650 BC Lukka Not specified Tribal kingdom 2000–1183 BC Lullubi Lulubuna Tribal kingdom 2400–650 BC Luvia Tribal kingdom 2000–1400 BC Magan Not specified Kingdom 2200–550 BC Marhasi Marhaši Kingdom city state 2900–1900 BC Mari Mari Kingdom city state 2900–1759 BC Mittani Washukanni Kingdom 1600–1300 BC Moab Dibon Kingdom 1300–400 BC Namar Namar Kingdom 2350–750 BC Nagar Nagar Kingdom 2600–2300 BC Pala ? Kingdom ???–1178 BC Phoenicia Various Kingdom city states 1800–539 BC Purushanda Purušhanda Kingdom city state 2000–1650 BC Qatna Qatna City-State 2000–1340 BC Sea Peoples Not specified Tribal confederacy 2000–1175 BC Sumer Various Kingdom city states 4500–1900 BC Troas Troy Kingdom 2000–700 BC Ugarit Ugarit Kingdom city state 2500–1090 BC Upper Mesopotamia Assur Kingdom 1809–1776 BC Urkesh Urkesh Kingdom city state/client 2250–1350 BC Wilusa Wilusa Kingdom city state 2000–1180 BC Yamhad Halab Kingdom 1810–1525 BC Zalpa Zalpa Kingdom city state/client 1830–1670 BC
Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia [ edit ] Name Capital Type Existed Bactria–Margiana Gonur Tribal kingdoms 2300–1700 BC Colchis Phasis Kingdom 1300 BC – 2nd century AD
Approximate location of the territory of the Shang Kingdom within China name capital state type existed Qi Qi Dukedom 1600–445 BC Shang Anyang Kingdom 1600–1046 BC Xia Yangcheng Kingdom 2070–1600 BC
Ruins of houses at Mehrgarh , Balochistan . Extent of various city states of the Harrapa Civilization by researcher Rajesh Rao .