List of George Cross recipients

The George Cross and ribbon (plain silver cross with circular medallion in the centre depicting the effigy of St. George and the Dragon, surrounded by the words "FOR GALLANTRY")
The George Cross and ribbon

The George Cross (GC) is the second highest award of the United Kingdom honours system. It is awarded for gallantry not "in the presence of the enemy" to both members of the British armed forces and to British civilians. Posthumous awards have always been available. It was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries, most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours. It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians including police, emergency services and merchant seamen. Many of the awards have been personally presented by the British monarch to recipients and in the case of posthumous awards to next of kin. These investitures are usually held at Buckingham Palace.[1]

Initially, the Empire Gallantry Medal recognised acts of the highest bravery but was never considered equal in status to the Victoria Cross. The George Cross succeeded the Empire Gallantry Medal and all those living who had been awarded the medal, and all posthumous awards from the outbreak of World War II, were obliged to exchange their medal for the George Cross. In 1971, the living recipients of either the Albert Medal for Lifesaving or Edward Medal, that respectively recognised the saving of life and acts of bravery following industrial accidents, were invited to exchange their medals for the George Cross; 24 recipients elected not to exchange their medals.

Since the Second World War most Commonwealth realms have instituted their own honours systems with the second highest award being for gallantry not in the face of the enemy. In 1972, Canada created the Cross of Valour for Canadian citizens;[2] in 1975 Australia, inspired by Canada, created a similar award with the same name in the Australian Honours System, the Cross of Valour. Recipients of the Canadian and Australian awards both use the postnominal CV.[2][3] Unlike the GC within British honours, the majority of Canadian CV awards and all Australian CV awards have been to civilians. The Australian Government ceased recommendations for British awards in 1983 and the last two Australian state governments ceased recommendations in 1989. During the period when Australian states made recommendations for British awards, the Governor of Victoria recommended a GC which was granted. The award gazetted in 1978 was for 39 years the most recent award to a living civilian, until the award in 2017 to Dominic Troulan.[3] On 5 October 1992, the Australian Prime Minister announced that Australian governments would make no further recommendations for British honours with British awards to Australians after that date being treated as foreign awards. The Queen on the recommendation of the Governor-General of New Zealand awarded the New Zealand Cross, instituted in 1999 to four individuals. There were two awards in 1999 and another two awards in 2021.[4] The postnominal is NZC.[5]

There have been 407 George Cross awards, including two special awards, but no honorary awards. Some recipients serving in British forces were foreign born, including Albert Guérisse (Belgium), Violette Szabo (France), and Noor Inayat Khan (Russia). All three served within the Special Operations Executive during World War II. As of November 2023 there are 12 living recipients.[6]

Individual awards

[edit]

This list contains all George Cross recipients including former recipients of the Empire Gallantry Medal, the Albert Medal or the Edward Medal who exchanged their earlier award for the George Cross.

The table defaults to sorting alphabetically by name. When sorting by the heading "Rank (or Role)", military ranks take precedence, followed by police ranks and then all civilian roles. Military ranks are sorted by the comparative rank of the recipient within the British Armed Forces, where the Royal Navy takes precedence, followed by the British Army and then Royal Air Force.

It is customary for Indian and Nepalese names to be written with the family name first, which is followed below unless their citation dictates otherwise.[7]

  This along with an * (asterisk) indicates that the gazetted award was posthumous.
  This along with ** indicates the individual is alive as of 22 November 2024 [6]

George Cross recipients
Name Rank (or Role) Organisation Award Date gazetted Image
Edmund Geoffrey Abbott Lieutenant Royal Navy AM 12 March 1920[8]
George Fawcett Pitts Abbott Deck Hand Royal Naval Reserve AM 12 December 1917[9]
George John Adamson Inspector River Traffic Police, Calcutta, Bengal EGM 1 February 1937[10][11]
Thomas Edward Alder Lance Sergeant British Army EGM 4 August 1931[12]
Thomas Hopper Alderson Detachment Leader Air Raid Precautions GC 30 September 1940[13]
Yousef Hussein Ali Bey Kaid Transjordan Frontier Force EGM 3 January 1939[14]
Florence Alice Allen Nurse
AM 19 November 1935[15]
Ernest Allport Miner Bentley Colliery Mine Rescue Team EM 30 September 1932[16]
Frederick Christie Anderson Chief Engine Room Artificer First Class Royal Navy EGM 8 June 1939[17]
Walter Anderson Flying Officer Royal Air Force EGM 12 April 1929[18]
Wallace Launcelot Andrews Second Lieutenant British Army EGM 17 September 1940
Mateen Ahmed Ansari Captain (acting) 7th Rajput Regiment GC 18 April 1946*[19]
Bertram Stuart Trevelyan Archer Lieutenant (acting) Royal Engineers GC 30 September 1941[20]
Robert Selby Armitage Temporary Sub-Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 27 December 1940[21]
Reginald William Armytage Lieutenant Royal Navy AM 2 August 1928
Walter Arnold Leading Aircraftman Royal Air Force EGM 9 November 1928
Doreen Ashburnham-Ruffner
AM 21 December 1917 Devid C. Western (youngest recipient of Albert Medal) and Doreen Ashburnham (youngest recipient woman of Albert Medal and George Cross)
Ashraf-un-Nisa Begum
EGM 1 February 1937[10][11]
Thomas Atkinson Corporal British Army EGM 25 July 1939
Awang anak Raweng Iban Tracker Federation of Malaya GC 20 November 1951[22]
John Axon Driver British Railways GC 7 May 1957*[23]
John Herbert Babington Temporary Sub-Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 27 December 1940[21]
Eric George Bailey Sergeant 3rd Class New South Wales Police Force GC 29 October 1946*[24]
George Stewart Bain-Smith Lieutenant British Army AM 30 September 1927
John Thomas Baker Trainee Coalminer
EM 22 November 1929
Arthur Gerald Bagot Sub-Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve AM 20 August 1918
Singh Baldev Sub-Inspector Punjab Police EGM 1 January 1932
Wilson Charles Geoffrey Baldwin Doctor
EM 16 April 1943
John (Jack) Bamford Colliery worker
GC 16 December 1952[25]
Arthur Banks Sergeant Desert Air Force GC 5 November 1946*[26]
Herbert John Leslie Barefoot Major (acting) Royal Engineers GC 22 January 1941[27]
Barkat Singh Naik Indian Army EGM 1 January 1938
William Barnett Lance Corporal British Army EGM 27 November 1936
Arnold Barraclough Sergeant Indian Army EGM 25 November 1930
Norman Baster Colliery Agent
EM 17 April 1936
Gordon Love Bastian Senior Engineering Officer merchant seaman AM 17 August 1943
William Frederick Baxter
EM 1 May 1942
Clive Cyril Anthony Bayley Trooper Indian Army EGM 24 July 1931
George William Beaman
EM 17 April 1936
John Beattie
EGM 3 May 1927
James Wallace Beaton** Inspector Metropolitan Police Force GC 27 September 1974[28]
John Archibald Beckett Sergeant Royal Air Force GC 16 December 1947*[29]
John Frederick Bell
EGM 20 December 1930
Michael Paul Benner Second Lieutenant Royal Engineers GC 17 June 1958*[30]
Bhim Singh Yadava Sub-Inspector Punjab Police EGM 1 January 1932
Bhupendra Narayan Singh Shri
EGM 19 June 1934
Kenneth Alfred Biggs Major (temporary) Royal Army Ordnance Corps GC 11 October 1946[31]
Richard Blackburn Private British Army EGM 23 June 1936
Sydney Blackburn
EM 21 November 1947
Michael Floud Blaney Captain (acting) Royal Engineers GC 15 April 1941*[32]
Henry George Blogg Coxswain Cromer Lifeboat EGM 30 June 1924 Henry Blogg
Theodore Bogdanovitch Mulazim Trans-Jordan Frontier Force EGM 30 June 1939
David Noel Booker
EM 4 February 1938
Samuel Booker
EM 4 February 1938
Douglas Alexander Brett Major Indian Army EGM 8 May 1934
John Bridge Lieutenant (temporary) Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 20 June 1944[33] John Banks
David Broadfoot Radio Officer Merchant NavyMV Princess Victoria GC 6 October 1953*[34]
Francis Haffey Brooke-Smith Sub-Lieutenant Royal Naval Reserve GC 27 June 1941[35]
Arthur Brooks Private British Army EGM 19 November 1935
David Brown
EM 13 January 1948
Richard Leslie Brown 2nd Lieutenant British Army AM 4 January 1918
Oliver Campbell Bryson Lieutenant Royal Flying Corps AM 11 January 1918
Henry Buckle Mate Royal Navy AM 27 April 1920
John Burke
EGM 3 June 1925
Herbert Edgar Burton Major
EGM 30 June 1924
Arthur Richard Cecil Butson Doctor
AM 28 September 1948
William John Button Lance Sergeant British Army EGM 17 September 1940
Richard Arthur Samuel Bywater Factory Development Officer Ministry of Supply GC 26 September 1944[36]
Alexander Fraser Campbell Second Lieutenant Royal Engineers GC 22 January 1941*[27]
Michael Patrick Campion Leading Aircraftman Royal Air Force EGM 5 July 1940
Horace James Cannon Flight Sergeant Royal Flying Corps AM 26 April 1918
Jack Chalmers
AM 7 July 1922
Robert Mills Chalmers Petty Officer Royal Navy EGM 18 June 1926
Frederick Chant Private British Army EGM 2 June 1923
John Daniel Charlton
EM 10 February 1948
Wilson Hodgson Charlton Flight Lieutenant (acting) Royal Air Force GC 21 January 1944[37]
Harold Francis Charrington Assistant Civil Engineer Air Ministry Works Department, Middle East Command EGM 8 March 1940[38]
Frederick William Child
EGM 5 May 1939
Joseph Clark
EGM 3 May 1927
Azariah Clarke
EM 5 August 1938
Donald Owen Clarke Apprentice Merchant Navy GC 20 July 1943*[39]
Walter Charles Cleall
AM 30 December 1919
John Clements Teacher Sherrardswood School GC 7 December 1976*[40]
Gerald Charles Neil Close Pilot Officer Royal Air Force EGM 21 December 1937
Anthony John Cobham Midshipman Royal Navy EGM 1 January 1930
Dennis Arthur Copperwheat Lieutenant Royal Navy, HMS Penelope GC 17 November 1942[41]
John Guise Cowley Lieutenant British Army, Royal Engineers AM 19 November 1935[15]
Frederick John Cradock Boilerman
GC 10 September 1943*[42]
Bert Craig
EM 1 June 1923
Bertram Frederick Crosby
EM 15 May 1928
Edwin Crossley
EGM 25 February 1936
Matthew Croucher** Lance Corporal 40 Commando, Royal Marines Reserve GC 24 July 2008[43]
Peter Victor Danckwerts Sub-Lieutenant Royal Naval Reserve GC 20 December 1940[44]
Richard Edward Darker Miner Bentley Colliery EM 30 September 1932[16]
Frederick Davies Fireman National Fire Service GC 5 February 1946*[45]
Robert Davies Lieutenant (temporary) Royal Engineers GC 30 September 1940[13]
Thomas Neil Davis Leading Seaman Royal Naval Reserve AM 23 March 1918
Harry Melville Arbuthnot Day Lieutenant (acting) Royal Marine Light Infantry AM 7 January 1919
Richard Deedes Captain King's Shropshire Light Infantry EGM 8 May 1934
Hubert Dinwoodie Squadron Leader Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve GC 4 February 1947[46]
Ditto Ram Sowar Central India Horse[47] GC 13 December 1945*[47]
John Dixon
EM 23 February 1940
Albert George Dolphin Porter South Eastern Hospital, London GC 17 January 1941*[48]
Raymond Tasman Donoghue Tram Driver Metropolitan Transport Trust, Hobart, Tasmania GC 11 October 1960*[49] Raymond Donoghue
Robert Ewing Douglas Leading Aircraftman Royal Air Force EGM 27 March 1931
John Noel Dowland Squadron Leader Royal Air Force GC 7 January 1941[50]
Baptista Joseph D'Souza Shri
EGM 3 June 1931
Charles Godfrey Duffin Senior Shipwright Diver HM Dockyard, Portsmouth EGM 1 February 1937[10][51]
Charles Alfred Duncan Private 4th Battalion, Parachute Regiment GC 9 November 1943*[52]
Mahmood Khan Durrani Captain 1st Bahawalpur Infantry, British Indian Army GC 23 May 1946[53]
William Marsden Eastman Lieutenant Royal Army Ordnance Corps GC 24 December 1940[54]
Jack Maynard Cholmondeley Easton Sub-Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 23 January 1941[55]
Arthur Frederick Edwards Acting Bombardier British Army EM 22 January 1918
Reginald Vincent Ellingworth Chief Petty Officer HMS Vernon GC 20 December 1940*[44]
Bernard George Ellis Lieutenant British Army AM 18 July 1919
Ernest Matthew Elston Private British Army EGM 19 November 1935
Errol John Emanuel District Commissioner Territory of Papua New Guinea GC 1 February 1972*[56]
Harry Errington Fireman London Auxiliary Fire Service GC 8 August 1941[57]
David Hywel Evans Sub-Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve AM 31 January 1919
John Fairclough Gunner British Army AM 8 May 1928
Frederick William Fairfax Detective Constable Metropolitan Police Force GC 6 January 1953[58]
John Henry Farr
EGM 26 July 1940
Kenneth Farrow Constable Cardiff City Police Force AM 15 October 1948
Francis Anthony Blair Fasson Lieutenant HMS Petard, Royal Navy GC 14 September 1943*[59]
Rashid Abdul Fattah Rais Trans-Jordan Frontier Force EGM 12 July 1938
Christopher Feetham Fireman merchant seaman AM 18 March 1919
Christopher Finney** Trooper Blues and Royals GC 31 October 2003[60]
Bernard Fisher
EM 15 August 1939
William George Fleming Coxswain Gorleston Lifeboat EGM 30 June 1924
Donald Fletcher
EM 26 January 1926
Henry Harwood Flintoff Farm labourer
EM 8 December 1944
Albert Ford Sergeant British Army AM 21 August 1917
Douglas Ford Captain (acting) Royal Scots GC 18 April 1946*[19]
William George Foster Lieutenant 7th Wiltshire Battalion, Home Guard GC 27 November 1942*[61]
Leslie Owen Fox Deputy Party Leader London County Council Heavy Rescue Service GC 20 February 1945[62]
Harriet Elizabeth Fraser Staff Nurse Territorial Force Nursing Service AM 31 January 1919
John Alexander Fraser Assistant Attorney General Hong Kong Colonial Service GC 29 October 1946*[24] John Fraser
Ernest Ralph Clyde Frost Aircraftman 1st Class Royal Air Force EGM 5 July 1940
Mohi-ud-Din Ghulam Sub-Inspector Punjab Police EGM 3 June 1931
John Edward Gibbons Temporary Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve AM 11 August 1942
Stanley Frederick Gibbs
AM 8 February 1927 Stanley Frederick Gibbs
Michael Gibson Sergeant Royal Engineers GC 22 January 1941*[27]
Ernest Oliver Gidden Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 9 June 1942[63]
Ivor John Gillett Aircraftman 1st Class Royal Air Force GC 3 October 1950*[64]
Benjamin Gimbert Driver London and North Eastern Railway GC 25 July 1944[65]
Anthony John Gledhill** Police Constable Metropolitan Police Force GC 23 May 1967[66]
Roger Philip Goad Captain (Explosives Officer) Metropolitan Police Force GC 1 October 1976*[67]
William Goad Leading Seaman Royal Navy AM 26 January 1943
Abdus Samad Abdul Wahid Golandaz
EGM 4 June 1934
Leon Verdi Goldsworthy Lieutenant HMS Vernon, Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 19 September 1944[68] Leon Goldsworthy
George Herbert Goodman Lieutenant HMS Vernon, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 15 September 1942[69]
John Ingram Gough
EM 17 June 1930
George Gosse Lieutenant HMS Vernon, Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 30 April 1946[70] George Gosse
Reginald Cubitt Graveley Flg Off. Royal Air Force EGM 11 November 1939
Karl Mander Gravell Leading Aircraftman Royal Canadian Air Force GC 11 June 1942*[71]
Hector Bertram Gray Flight Lieutenant Royal Air Force GC 19 April 1946*[72]
Roderick Borden Gray Flying Officer Royal Canadian Air Force GC 13 March 1945*[73] Cy Gray
Colin Grazier Able Seaman HMS Petard, Royal Navy GC 14 September 1943*[59]
John Sedgwick Gregson Apprentice merchant seaman AM 2 February 1943
Stewart Graeme Guthrie Sergeant New Zealand Police GC 19 December 1991*[74]
Kevin Howard Haberfield** Colour Sergeant Royal Marines GC 31 July 2015[75]
Fred Haller
EM 20 January 1939
William George Hand Sergeant British Army EGM 2 June 1923
Benjamin Gower Hardy Private 22nd Australian Garrison Battalion GC 1 September 1950*[76] Ben Hardy
Charles Thomas Harris Acting Sergeant British Army EM 22 January 1918
Roy Thomas Harris Staff Officer Air Raid Precautions GC 17 December 1940[77]
Barbara Jane Harrison Air Stewardess British Overseas Airways Corporation GC 8 August 1969*[78]
George Willet Harrison Able Seaman Royal Navy EGM 1 January 1931
Leonard Henry Harrison Civilian Armament Instructor Air Ministry GC 3 January 1941[79]
Harrie Stephen Harwood Air Mechanic Ist Class Royal Flying Corps AM 19 May 1916
Percy Roberts Havercroft Colliery Worker
EM 22 June 1917[80]
Eynon Hawkins Able Seaman Royal Navy AM 29 June 1943
David George Montagu Hay Cadet Royal Naval Reserve AM 8 July 1941
El Amin Effendi Hemeida Yuzbashi Sudan Defence Force EGM 23 June 1936[81]
Albert Edward Heming Section Leader Civil Defence Rescue Service GC 17 July 1945[82]
George Campbell Henderson Sub-Officer Gibraltar Dockyard Fire Service GC 20 November 1951*[22]
Herbert Reuben Henderson
EGM 3 May 1927
James Hendry Corporal Royal Canadian Engineers GC 2 April 1943*[83]
George Henshaw Lance Corporal British Army EGM 19 November 1935
George Christopher Heslop Mine Manager Loftus Ironstone Mine EM 26 May 1936[84]
William Ewart Hiscock Lieutenant Commander HMS St Angelo, Royal Navy GC 16 June 1942*[85]
Alexander Mitchell Hodge Sub-Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve EGM 2 August 1940
Vivian Hollowday Aircraftman First Class Royal Air Force GC 21 January 1941[37] Bob Hollowday
Kenneth Horsfield Corporal Manchester Regiment (attached Special Air Service) GC 23 March 1945*[86] Kenneth Horsfield
Albert Howarth Ordinary Seaman Royal Navy AM 2 September 1941
Murray Ken Hudson Sergeant Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment GC 11 October 1974*[87]
Joseph Hughes Driver Royal Army Service Corps GC 26 June 1947*[88]
Kim Spencer Hughes** Staff Sergeant Royal Logistic Corps GC 19 March 2010[89]
Thomas Hulme
EM 16 May 1941
Patrick Noel Humphreys Lieutenant Royal Navy EGM 12 November 1937
John Hutchinson
EM 20 July 1948
Albert James Hutchison Sergeant British Army AM 4 January 1918
Taha Idris Shawish Blue Nile Province Police EGM 2 March 1934
George Walter Inwood Section Commander 30th Warwickshire Battalion, Home Guard GC 27 May 1941*[90]
Islam-ud-Din Lance Naik 9th Jat Regiment, British Indian Army GC 5 October 1945*[91]
Thomas Jameson
EM 8 October 1940
William Jamieson
EGM 23 June 1936
Robert Llewellyn Jephson-Jones Captain Royal Army Ordnance Corps GC 24 December 1940[53]
Barry Johnson** Staff Sergeant Major British ArmyRoyal Army Ordnance Corps GC 6 November 1990[92]
James Johnston Overseer Mohpani Coal Mine, India EM 19 March 1926
Richard Frank Jolly Commander Royal Navy EGM 23 December 1939*
Benjamin Littler Jones
EM 9 September 1938
Ralph Jones Private 22nd Australian Garrison Battalion GC 1 September 1950*[76] Ralph Jones
Robert Murray Kavanaugh
AM 16 October 1930
Cecil Francis Kelly Assistant River Surveyor Port Commissioners, Calcutta, Bengal EGM 1 February 1937[10][11]
Thomas Raymond Kelly Able Seaman Merchant Navy GC 10 February 1948*[93]
André Gilbert Kempster Major Royal Armoured Corps GC 9 November 1943*[52]
James Stirratt Topping Kennedy Security Guard British Rail Engineering Limited GC 15 August 1975*[94]
Ernest William Kent
EM 20 December 1938
Michael Sullivan Keogh Chief Petty Officer Royal Naval Air Service AM 14 January 1916
Muhammad Khalifa Acting Shawish Berber Province Police EGM 29 September 1925
Noor Inayat Khan Assistant Section Officer, WAAF; Ensign, FANY Special Operations Executive GC 5 April 1949*[95] Noor Khan
Derek Godfrey Kinne Fusilier Royal Northumberland Fusiliers GC 13 April 1954[96]
Richard Henry King
EM 20 October 1931
Kirpa Ram Naik Frontier Force Regiment, British Indian Army GC 15 March 1946*
Richard John Knowlton Ordinary Seaman Royal Navy AM 12 December 1917[9]
Simmon Latutin Captain Somerset Light Infantry GC 10 September 1946*
Walter Holroyd Lee
EM 10 May 1949
Raymond Mayhew Lewin Sergeant Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve GC 11 March 1941
Robert Stead Little
EM 5 May 1939
William Lloyd
EM 9 December 1927
George Locke
EM 2 March 1926
John Niven Angus Low Lieutenant Royal Navy EGM 16 August 1940*
Alfred Raymond Lowe** Boy 1st Class Royal Navy AM 8 February 1949
Alfred Lungley Lance Sergeant British Army EGM 19 November 1935
Joseph Lynch Chief Petty Officer Royal Navy AM 15 June 1948
Horace William Madden Private Royal Australian Regiment GC 30 December 1955*[97] Bill Madden
Herbert John Mahoney Petty Officer Royal Navy EGM 23 December 1927
Reginald Harry Maltby Staff Sgt Royal Tank Corps EGM 3 July 1926
Thomas George Manwaring
EM 1 November 1949
Frederick Hamilton March
EGM 5 December 1924
Cyril Arthur Joseph Martin Major Royal Engineers GC 11 March 1943
Dudley William Mason Captain Merchant Navy GC 8 September 1942 Dudley Mason
Mata Din Lance-Naik Indian Army EGM 19 November 1935
Lionel Colin Matthews Captain Royal Australian Corps of Signals GC 28 November 1947*[98] Lionel Matthews
Alexander Henry Maxwell-Hyslop Lieutenant Commander Royal Navy AM 11 November 1929
Phillip Robert Stephen May Leading Seaman Royal Navy AM 25 November 1947
William Simpson McAloney Aircraftman Royal Australian Air Force AM 18 February 1938
Thomas McAvoy Private British Army EGM 25 July 1939
John McCabe
EM 13 June 1919
John McCabe
EGM 31 May 1940*
William Henry Debonnaire McCarthy Boatswain Royal Navy AM 27 July 1943
John McIntosh McClymont Corporal Royal Air Force EGM 19 July 1940
Thomas William McCormack
AM 23 July 1909
William Neil McKechnie FltCadet Royal Air Force EGM 18 October 1929
Thomas Patrick McTeague Corporal Royal Air Force EGM 12 April 1929[18]
Albert John Meadows
EM 29 December 1931
Arthur Douglas Merriman Experimental Officer Ministry of Supply GC 3 December 1940[99]
Alfred Miles Able Seaman Royal Navy AM 29 April 1941
Leonard John Miles Air Raid Warden Air Raid Precautions GC 17 January 1941*[48]
Henry James Miller Able Seaman Royal Navy EGM 16 August 1940*
John Bryan Peter Miller Sub-Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 14 January 1941[100]
Thomas Frank Miller Private British Army EGM 2 June 1923
Ahmed Muhammad Mirghany
EGM 2 January 1933
John Henry Mitchell Acting 2nd Hand Royal Naval Reserve AM 29 April 1941
Richard Valentine Moore Sub-Lieutenant (temporary) Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 27 December 1940[21]
Alfred Ernest Morris
EM 4 July 1924
Francis Austin Morteshed Constable Royal Ulster Constabulary EGM 3 June 1924
William Radenhurst Mosedale Fireman City of Birmingham Fire Brigade GC 28 March 1941[101]
Brandon Moss Special Constable Coventry Constabulary GC 13 December 1940
Joseph Edward Mott Private British Army EGM 25 February 1938
John Stuart Mould Lieutenant Royal Australian Naval Reserve attached HMS Vernon GC 3 November 1942 John Mould
Eric Lawrence Moxey Squadron Leader Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve GC 17 December 1940*[102]
Muhammad Abdulla Muhammad Nafar Khartoum Police Force EGM 12 December 1924
Michael Joseph Munnelly Journalist The People GC 29 June 1965*[103]
Robert Laurence Nairac Captain Grenadier Guards GC 13 February 1979*[104]
Nandlal Thapa Naik British Indian Army8th Gurkha Rifles EGM 19 November 1935[15]
Frank Naughton Private British ArmyRoyal Tank Corps EGM 1 February 1937[10][105]
Ibrahim Negib Sol Khartoum Police Force EGM 12 December 1924
Harold Reginald Newgass Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 4 March 1941
Alfred William Newman Acting Mate Royal Navy AM 1 March 1918
Lanceray Arthur Newnham Colonel (temporary) The Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) GC 18 April 1946*[19]
Arthur Frederick Crane Nicholls Brigadier Special Operations Executive GC 1 March 1946*
James William Nightall Fireman London and North Eastern Railway GC 25 July 1944*[65]
George Paterson Niven Able Seaman Royal Navy EGM 1 January 1930
Frank Emery Nix
EM 21 November 1944
Peter Allen Norton** Captain British ArmyRoyal Logistic Corps GC 23 March 2006[106] Peter Norton, 2013
Patrick Albert O'Leary (Albert-Marie Edmond Guérrise) Lieutenant-Commander Special Operations Executive GC 5 November 1946 Pat O'Leary (Albert-Marie Guérrise)
Wallace Arnold Oakes Driver British Rail GC 19 October 1965*[107]
Leo Francis O'Hagen Explosive Worker Royal Gunpowder Factory EGM 6 February 1940[108]
Dick Oliver Leading Seaman Royal Navy AM 2 August 1928
Edward Omara
EGM 9 October 1934[109]
Samuel Orr SpHd.Cons Ulster Special Constabulary EGM 3 June 1924
Albert Matthew Osborne Leading Aircraftman Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve GC 10 July 1942*
John Michael O'Shea Reverend
EGM 30 June 1924
Edward Donald J. Parker Pilot Officer Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve EGM 6 August 1940
Graham Leslie Parish Sergeant Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve GC 2 April 1943*
John MacMillan Stevenson Patton Lieutenant Royal Canadian Engineers GC 17 December 1940[102]
Joan Daphne Mary Pearson Corporal Women's Auxiliary Air Force EGM 19 July 1940
Robert Pearson
EM 20 October 1925
Pir Khan Subedar-Major Indian Army EGM 28 June 1940
James Pollitt
EM 17 April 1936
Michael Kenneth Pratt** Constable Victoria Police GC 4 July 1978[110]
Rev. Herbert Cecil Pugh Squadron Leader Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve GC 1 April 1947*
James Sidney Purvis
EM 22 November 1929
John Alan Quinton Flight Lieutenant Royal Air Force GC 23 October 1951*[111] John Quinton
Geoffrey Rackham 2nd Lieutenant British Army AM 3 January 1919
Abdul Rahman Havildar 9th Jat Regiment, British Indian Army GC 10 September 1946*
Rangit Singh Babu
EGM 1 January 1935
Henry Herbert Reed Bombardier Royal Artillery GC 23 September 1941*
James Arthur Reeves Chief Officer merchant seaman AM 25 May 1943
John Rennie Sergeant The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's) GC 26 May 1944* John Rennie
Edward Womersley Reynolds Lieutenant British Army EGM 17 September 1940
William Ernest Rhoades Sergeant Royal Flying Corps AM 1 January 1918
Richard Walter Richards
AM 6 July 1923
Gerald Irving Richardson Superintendent Lancashire Constabulary GC 14 November 1972*[112]
Randolph Gordon Ridling Lieutenant New Zealand Army AM 9 December 1919
Geoffrey Riley
AM 3 October 1944
Reginald Rimmer Sergeant Bombay Police Force EGM 3 June 1931
Paul Douglas Robertson Acting Flight Commander Royal Naval Air Service AM 18 June 1918
Harry Robinson
EM 20 July 1948
George David Rodriques AsstSurgeon Indian Army EGM 2 June 1923
Jonathan Rogers Chief Petty Officer Royal Australian Navy GC 19 March 1965*[113] Jonathan Rogers
Sydney George Rogerson Staff Sergeant (acting) Royal Army Ordnance Corps GC 11 October 1946[31]
Arthur Dwight Ross Air Commodore Royal Canadian Air Force GC 27 October 1944 Dwight Ross
John Samuel Rowlands Wing Commander Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve GC 10 August 1943
David Russell Lance-Corporal 22nd Battalion (New Zealand) GC 24 December 1948*
Richard John Hammersley Ryan Lieutenant-Commander HMS President GC 20 December 1940*[44]
Odette Sansom
Special Operations Executive GC 20 August 1946 Odette Hallowes (prev. Sansom)
Robert Benjamin Saunders Doctor
EM 19 August 1937
Carl Mallinson Schofield
EM 8 October 1940
Olaf Sean George Schmid Staff Sergeant Royal Logistic Corps GC 19 March 2010*[89]
James Patrick Scully Corporal (acting) Pioneer Corps GC 8 July 1941 James Scully
Hugh Paul Seagrim Major Special Operations Executive GC 12 September 1946*
Stanley William Sewell Explosive Worker Royal Gunpowder Factory EGM 6 February 1940[108]
Joseph Shanley
EM 20 July 1948
Samuel Shephard** Lieutenant Royal Marines GC 3 October 2014[114]
John William Hersey Shepherd
EM 14 February 1930
Joseph Henry Silk Private Somerset Light Infantry GC 13 June 1944*
Laurence Frank Sinclair Wing Commander Royal Air Force GC 21 January 1941[37]
Charles Smith
EM 28 June 1940
Anthony Smith Member Civil Defence Rescue Service GC 30 May 1944
Kenneth Smith Signalman Royal Corps of Signals GC 19 October 1945*
Oliver Soulsby Miner Bentley Colliery EM 30 September 1932[16]
Bennett Southwell[55] Ordinary Seaman HMS Vernon GC 23 January 1941*[55]
Brian Spillett Detail fitter
GC 29 June 1965*[103]
Kenneth Gerald Spooner Leading Aircraftman Royal Canadian Air Force GC 7 January 1944* Kenneth Spooner
Robert Spoors Private British ArmyWest Yorkshire Regiment AM 19 November 1935
John George Stanners Deck Hand Royal Naval Reserve AM 16 May 1918
Henry William Stevens Police Constable Metropolitan Police GC 21 October 1958[115]
James Ernest Stewart Lieutenant Colonel British Army EGM 26 June 1928
John Stoves Principal Officer HM Prison Service EGM 23 October 1928
George Preston Stronach Chief Officer Merchant Navy GC 23 November 1943
Stephen George Styles Major British ArmyRoyal Army Ordnance Corps GC 11 January 1972[116]
Subramanian Subedar Queen Victoria's Own Madras Miners & Sappers GC 30 June 1944*
Charles Howard, 20th Earl of Suffolk Chief Field Research and Experimental Officer Ministry of Supply GC 18 July 1941* Charles Howard, 20th Earl of Suffolk
Frank Sykes Miner Bentley Colliery EM 30 September 1932[16]
William George Sylvester Explosive Worker Royal Gunpowder Factory EGM 6 February 1940[108]
Hugh Randall Syme Lieutenant Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 3 August 1943 Hugh Syme
Violette Reine Elizabeth Szabo Lieutenant, FANY Special Operations Executive GC 17 December 1946* Violette Szabo
El Jak Effendi Taha Shawish Khartoum Police Force EGM 12 December 1924
Ellis Edward Arthur Chetwynd Talbot 2nd Lieutenant British Army EGM 17 September 1940
Charles William Tandy-Green
EGM 19 June 1934
George Anthony Morgan Taylor Vulcanologist Commonwealth Bureau of Mineral Resources GC 22 April 1952[117] Tony Taylor
Patrick Gordon Taylor Captain
EGM 9 July 1937 Patrick Taylor
Robert George Taylor Newspaper advertising representative
GC 1 August 1950*[118] Bob Taylor
William Horace Taylor Sub-Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 14 January 1941[100]
Samuel Jarrett Temperley Assistant Surveyor Bentley Colliery EM 30 September 1932[16]
Arthur Devere Thomas
EM 31 March 1931
Dorothy Louise Thomas
EGM 2 March 1934
Thomas Thomas
EM 6 February 1934
Jenkin Robert Oswald Thompson Captain Royal Army Medical Corps GC 2 February 1945*
Matthew Thompson
EM 28 June 1940
Anthony Henry Hamilton Tollemache Flg Off. Royal Air Force EGM 6 August 1940
Emma Jose Townsend
EGM 6 September 1932
Frederick Henry Troake Private British Army EGM 2 June 1923
Dominic Charles Troulan** Security Consultant
GC 16 June 2017[119]
Stephen John Tuckwell Able Seaman Royal Navy GC 14 January 1941[100]
Norman Tunna Shunter Great Western Railway GC 24 January 1941
Geoffrey Gledhill Turner Lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve GC 27 June 1941[35]
James Gordon Melville Turner Radio Officer merchant seaman EGM 13 October 1939
Cyril James Tutton
EGM 18 March 1927
Albert Tyler
EM 14 February 1930
Margaret Vaughan (Purves)
AM 1 November 1949
Carl Walker Constable Lancashire Constabulary GC 14 November 1972[112]
Charles Henry Walker Petty Officer Royal Navy AM 15 December 1942
Eric William Kevin Walton Temporary Lieutenant Royal Navy AM 8 June 1948
Granville Charles Wastie
EM 6 June 1930
Albert Waterfield
EGM 30 December 1922
Terence Edward Waters Lieutenant British ArmyWest Yorkshire Regiment GC 13 April 1954*[96]
William Waterson
EM 2 April 1946
Victor Albert Watson Flight Lieutenant Royal Naval Air Service AM 8 March 1918
Eric Watt-Bonar Flight Sergeant Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve EGM 5 August 1932
John Weller
EM 9 June 1944
Percy Barnard Weller
EM 24 October 1941
David Charles Western
AM 13 August 1948
Thomas Atkinson Whitehead
EM 5 September 1922
Charles Wilcox
EM 30 September 1949
Robert Wild
EGM 22 October 1926
Michael Willetts Sergeant British ArmyParachute Regiment GC 25 May 1971*[120]
Osmond Williams
EM 29 November 1932
Sidney Williams Lance Corporal British Army AM 30 August 1918
Harry Wilson
EM 22 August 1924
Sidney Noel Wiltshire Pilot Officer Royal Air Force EGM 31 January 1930
Gerald Winter
EGM 28 June 1940
Hilda Elizabeth Wolsey
AM 28 March 1911
Stanley James Woodbridge Flight Sergeant Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve GC 28 September 1948*[121]
Ernest Alfred Wooding Warrant Officer Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve AM 13 April 1945
Mark Wright Corporal 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment GC 15 December 2006*[122]
George Cameron Wyllie Sapper Royal Engineers GC 30 September 1940[13]
Ahmed Yar Havildar British Army EGM 19 November 1935
Philip William Yates Miner Bentley Colliery EM 30 September 1932[16]
El Imam Yehia Constable Khartoum Police Force EGM 1 January 1932
Forest Frederick Edward Yeo-Thomas Wing Commander Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve GC 15 February 1946
Archibald Young
EM 1 January 1917
St John Graham Young Lieutenant The Central India Horse (21st King George V's Own Horse) GC 20 July 1945*
William Younger
EM 20 July 1948

List of 407 individual George Cross recipients with note whether original or exchange award. The three collective are not listed.[123]

Group awards

[edit]

By express instruction of King George VI, the Island of Malta has been awarded the George Cross collectively in perpetuity. In a letter to Malta's Governor (Lieutenant-General Sir William Dobbie) dated 15 April 1942, King George VI awarded the George Cross "to the Island Fortress of Malta to bear witness to a heroism and devotion that will long be famous in history". Dobbie replied: "By God's help Malta will not weaken but will endure until victory is won."

In a similar manner, Queen Elizabeth II awarded the Royal Ulster Constabulary the George Cross on 23 November 1999. Buckingham Palace announced that it was awarded "to honour the courage and dedication of the officers of the Royal Ulster Constabulary and their families who have shared their hardship".[124] Queen Elizabeth II presented it in person at Hillsborough Castle, County Down. On 4 November 2001, the Royal Ulster Constabulary was reorganised and renamed as the Police Service of Northern Ireland with most former RUC officers remaining [1] in the new organisation .[125]

On 5 July 2021, on the 73rd anniversary of the NHS, and during the global COVID-19 pandemic, the Queen awarded the George Cross to the National Health Service staff of the United Kingdom. The Queen wrote in a personal message: "It is with great pleasure, on behalf of a grateful nation, that I award the George Cross to the National Health Services of the United Kingdom. This award recognises all NHS staff, past and present, across all disciplines and all four nations. Over more than seven decades, and especially in recent times, you have supported the people of our country with courage, compassion and dedication, demonstrating the highest standards of public service. You have our enduring thanks and heartfelt appreciation. Elizabeth R."[126]

See also

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References

[edit]

Specific

[edit]
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  2. ^ a b "Letters patent repealing the Canadian Bravery Decorations Regulations, 1997 and making the Canadian Bravery Decorations Regulations, 2005". 9 June 2005. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  3. ^ a b "It's an Honour: Cross of Valour". 29 September 2008. Archived from the original on 27 February 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  4. ^ "Special Honours List 16 December 2021 - Citations for New Zealand Bravery Awards".
  5. ^ "New Zealand Gallantry and Bravery Awards - The New Zealand Cross (NZC)". Archived from the original on 6 May 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  6. ^ a b "Our People". Victoria Cross and George Cross Association. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
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  124. ^ Turner, John Frayn (2010). Royal Ulster Constabulary (2 ed.). Pen & Sword Books Ltd. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-84884-200-7. Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2015. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  125. ^ "'New era' as NI police change name". BBC. 4 November 2001. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
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General

[edit]
  • The Register of the George Cross (2nd ed.). Cheltenham: This England Books. 1990. ISBN 978-0-906324-17-2.
  • Ashcroft, Michael (2012). George Cross Heroes. London: Hachette UK. ISBN 978-0-7553-6452-7.
  • Brazier, Kevin (2010). The Complete Victoria Cross. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 978-1-84884-150-5.
  • Hebblethwaite, M (2005). One Step Further: Those Whose Gallantry Was Rewarded with the George Cross. Oxon: Chameleon HH Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9546917-1-4.
  • Mackay, J; Mussell, P; Mussell, J W (2005). The Medal Yearbook 2006. Devon: Token Publishing. ISBN 978-1-870192-70-5.
[edit]