List of wars involving Spain

This list details Spain's involvement in wars and armed conflicts, including those fought by its predecessor states or within its territory.

Ancient


Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Barcid conquest of Hispania (237–218 BC) Battle of Helike Battle of the Tajo [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Iberians Celtiberians	Carthaginian Empire Carthaginian Iberia	Carthaginian Victory Expansion of Carthaginian Iberia
Roman conquest of Hispania (220–17 BC) Second Punic War Celtiberian Wars Lusitanian War Numantine War Sertorian War Cantabrian Wars Location: Iberian Peninsula, Western Europe, Italian Peninsula, North Africa and Mediterranean Sea	Pre-Roman Iberia Astures Cantabri Gallaec Iberians Celts Aquitanians Arevaci Lusones Lusitanians Vaccaei Vettones Belli Titii Roman popularis exiles	Roman Republic Celtic tribes vassal to Rome Cynetes Turdetani	Roman Victory Annexation of Iberian Peninsula to the Roman Empire
Siege of Saguntum (219 BC) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Saguntines	Carthaginian Empire Carthaginian Iberia	Carthaginian Victory Prelude to the Second Punic War
Second Punic War (218–201 BC) Battle of Cissa Battle of Ebro River Battle of Ibera Battle of the Upper Baetis Battle of New Carthage Battle of Baecula Battle of Ilipa Battle of Carteia Battle of Carteia (naval) Part of Punic Wars and Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula, North Africa and Mediterranean Sea	Carthaginian Empire Carthaginian Iberia Allies: Syracuse (214–212 BC) Western Numidia Others	Roman Republic Hispania Allies: Eastern Numidia Syracuse (218–215 BC) Others	Roman Victory Roman conquest of Carthaginian Iberia Carthaginian African territories reduced
Indibilis and Mandonius Revolt [es] (206–205 BC) Mutiny at Sucro Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Ilergetes Ausetani Sedetani Celtiberians Roman mutineers	Roman Republic Hispania	Roman Victory
Iberian revolt (197–195 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Iberian rebels: -Celtiberians -Indigetes -Bergistani -Lacetani -Suessetani -Ausetani	Roman Republic Hispania Ilergetes	Roman victory and re-establishment of control over Hispania
First Celtiberian War (181–179 BC) Part of Celtiberian Wars and Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Celtiberian tribes Vaccaei Vettones	Roman Republic Hispania	Roman Victory Rome conquers certain tribes but allows them to keep their autonomy.
Second Celtiberian War (154–151 BC) Part of Celtiberian Wars and Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Celtiberian tribes Belli Titii Arevaci Vaccaei	Roman Republic Hispania	Roman Victory Roman influence increases over Celtiberians
Lusitanian War (155–139 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Roman Republic Hispania Celtic tribes become vassals of Rome Cynetes Turdetani	Lusitanian tribes Celtic tribes Vettones Gallaeci Others	Roman Victory Pacification of Lusitania (modern Portugal between the rivers Tagus and Douro and Extremadura, Spain)
Numantine War (143–133 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Roman Republic Hispania	Arevaci Lusones Vaccaei Vettones	Roman Victory Expansion of Roman territory through Celtiberia
Roman conquest of Gallaecia [es] (132–19 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Gallaeci Celts	Roman Republic Hispania	Roman Victory
Roman conquest of Majorca [es] (123–121 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Balearic slinger	Roman Republic Hispania	Roman Victory
Sertorian War (80–72 BC) Part of Crisis of the Roman Republic and Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Roman popularis exiles Native Iberians Native Celts Native Aquitanians	Roman Senate	Roman Senate Victory
Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) Battle of Ilerda Siege of Corduba Part of Crisis of the Roman Republic Location: Hispania, Italia, Graecia, Illyria, Aegyptus, Africa	Pompeians Optimates Numidia Ptolemaic kingdom Pontus	Caesarians Populares Mauretania	Caesarian victory.
Cantabrian Wars (29–19 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Astures Cantabri Gallaeci^[1]	Roman Empire Hispania	Roman Victory
Crisis of the Third Century (235–285 AD) Location: Western Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, North Africa, Middle East	Roman Empire Roman Italy Hispania Roman Illyria Roman Greece Roman Mauretania Roman Libya Roman Anatolia	Roman usurpers Gallic Empire Palmyrene Empire Sasanian Persia Germanic tribes Goths Alemanni Vandals Carpians	Roman Victory Gallic Empire fails in its attempt to control Hispania (conquered from 261 to 269). Emperor Aurelian re-conquers both the Palmyrene and Gallic Empires, and emperor Diocletian puts an end to the civil war.
Invasions in the West of the Empire (258–260) part of Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire of the 3rd century Location: Western Europe and Southern Europe	Roman Empire Hispania Roman Gaul Roman Italy	Franks Alemanni Marcomanni Quadi Iazyges Roxolani	Roman Victory and invasion repelled
Roman Civil War (406–411) [es] and Gothic War (408–416) [es] Location: Western Europe	Western Roman Empire Hispania Roman Britain Roman Gaul Roman Italy	Constantine III's Britain Usurpation Gerontius' Hispanic Usurpation Priscus Attalus' Italian Usurpation Barbarians Franks Visigoths Vandals Alans Suebi	Roman Pirric Victory Honorius reunifies the Western Empire but loses territory to the Germanic peoples. Maximus of Hispania is deposed.
Crossing of the Rhine (406–411) part of Germanic invasions Location: Western Europe and Southern Europe	Western Roman Empire Hispania Roman Gaul Roman Italy Foederati Franks	Sarmatian and Germanic Barbarians Alans Asding Silingi Suebi Roman usurpers	Defeat Start of Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire
Invasion of Roman Gallaecia by the Germanic Suebi (409) Part of Fall of the Western Roman Empire Location: Iberian Peninsula	Hispania Lusitania	Germanics Suebi Quadi Marcomanni Buri	Defeat Kingdom of the Suebi settled in Hispania (Galicia) by Hermeric.
Invasion of Hispania by the Germanic Vandals (409) Part of Fall of the Western Roman Empire and Germanic Invasions of Hispania [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Hispania Lusitania	Germanics Vandals Silingi Hasdingi Sarmatian Alans	Defeat Vandals Kingdoms settled in Baetica and Gallaecia, near Vandals. Alans settled in Lusitania.
Invasion of Hispania by the Germanic Visigoths (410) Part of Fall of the Western Roman Empire and Germanic Invasions of Hispania [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Hispania Lusitania	Germanics Visigoths	Defeat Visigothics settles on Hispania.
Visigothic Campaign on Hispania (416–418) Battle of the Nervasos Mountains Part of Germanic Invasions of Hispania [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula and Southern France	Western Roman Empire Kingdom of the Suebi Visigoths	Vandals Silingi Alans	Roman-Visigothic Victory Wallia got a Visigothic settlement in Aquitania by the Romans, leaving Hispania.
Suevi-Vandal War (419-420) [es] (419) Part of Germanic Invasions of Hispania [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Suebi Hispania	Hasdingi Vandals	Roman-Suevi Victory
Vandal War (422) [es] (422) Battle of Tarraco Part of Germanic Invasions of Hispania [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Hispania	Hasdingi Vandals Sarmatian Alans	Roman defeat Vandals get control of Baetica
Vandal pirate incursions on the Mediterranean^[2] (424–429) Location: Iberian Peninsula, North Africa and Balearic Islands	Hispania Hispania Balearica Mauretania Tingitana	Hasdingi Vandals	Vandal success in their piracy activities.
War between the Alans and the Suevi (428) Battle of Mérida (428) Part of Germanic Invasions of Hispania [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Suebi Hispania	Sarmatian Alans	Defeat at the Battle of Mérida.
War between the Visigoths and the Vandal–Alanic alliance (429) Part of Germanic Invasions of Hispania [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Visigothic Kingdom	Vandals Sarmatian Alans	Visigoth victory Vandals and Alans move to North Africa, then establish Vandal Kingdom.
Bagaudae Revolts (284–456)	Western Roman Empire Roman Gaul Hispania (since 441)	Bagaudae Peasant rebels Germanic tribes Suebi	Roman victory
Gothic War in Spain (456) Battle of Órbigo (456) Part of Germanic Wars and Germanic Invasions of Hispania [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Western Roman Empire Visigothic Kingdom Burgundians Franks	Suebi	Visigothic victory Sack of Braga
Gothic War (457–458) Battle of Arelate Part of Gothic Wars and Germanic Invasions of Hispania [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula and Gallia	Western Roman Empire	Visigothic Kingdom	Roman Victory Visigoths had to relinquish their recent conquests in Hispania and return to federal status
Roman reconquest of Hispania (459–461) Battle of Cartagena (461) part of Vandalic Wars Location: Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean Sea	Western Roman Empire Huns	Suebi Vandal Kingdom	Inconclusive Victory against Suebi. Majorian reconquers Hispania for Romans for the last time, but his final campaign against the Vandals is canceled. Vandals conquer Balearic Islands.
Visigoth invasion of Hispania (461) Paer of Germanic Invasions of Hispania [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Hispania	Visigothic Kingdom	Indecisive
Visigoth conquest of Hispania (469–474) Part of Germanic Invasions of Hispania [es] and Fall of the Western Roman Empire Location: Iberian Peninsula	Hispania Suebi	Visigothic Kingdom	Visigoth victory Roman empire, Julius Nepos recognise the conquests of Euric, Visigoth Lord of Hispania.

Medieval

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
First Franco-Visigothic war (496–498) and Franco–Gothic War (507–511) Location: Southern France	Visigothic Kingdom Supported by: Kingdom of the Ostrogoths Kingdom of the Burgundians (pre-507) Alemanni	Frankish kingdom Supported by: Armorica Kingdom of the Burgundians (post-507) Eastern Roman Empire	Frankish victory Gallia Aquitania is annexed by the Franks under Clovis I.
Burdunellus Revolt (496–497) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Visigothic Kingdom	Hispano-Romans	Visigothic victory Burdunellus is killed by Brazen bull.
Tarraconense Revolt (507) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Visigothic Kingdom	Hispano-Romans	Visigothic victory Petrus is ejecuted in Tortosa
Conflict over the succession of Alaric II (507–514) Battle of Barcelona (512) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Visigothic rebels Frankish kingdom	Ostrogothic Kingdom Ostrogothic Spain [es]	Ostrogothic victory Theodoric the Great got the regency over Hispania during the reign of Amalaric.
Vandalic War (533–534) part of Vandalic Wars Location: North Africa, Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Corsica and Mediterranean Sea	Vandal Kingdom Balearic domains	Byzantine Empire	Byzantine victory Byzantine dominion over Balearic Islands [es] under Byzantine North Africa.
Gothic War (535–554) Part of Justinian's campaign for Renovatio Imperii Location: Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Dalmatia	Ostrogothic Kingdom Franks Alamanni Burgundians Visigothic Kingdom	Byzantine Empire Huns Heruli Sclaveni Lombards	Byzantine victory against Ostrogoths, then plans for revenge against Visigoths due to its support to Ildibad and Totila.
Visigothic revolts against Agila I (550–554) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Visigothic Kingdom loyal to Agila I Arianists	Visigoths loyals to Athanagild Hispano-Romans from Córdoba Nicene Christians Byzantine Empire	Rebels victory and legitimation for a Byzantine intervention on Spain.
Byzantine conquest of Visigothic Baetica (551–555) Part of Justinian's campaign for Renovatio Imperii Location: Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands	Visigothic Kingdom	Byzantine Empire	Byzantine victory
Visigothic conquest of Spania (570–624) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Visigothic Kingdom	Byzantine Empire	Visigothic victory
Visigothic conquest of Córdoba (572) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Visigothic Kingdom	Byzantine Empire	Visigothic victory
Visigothic conquest of Sabaria (573) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Visigothic Kingdom	Sappi	Visigothic victory
Visigothic conquest of Cantabria (574) Location: Southern France	Visigothic Kingdom	Cantabri	Visigothic victory
Second Visigothic–Suevic War (575–577) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Visigothic Kingdom	Kingdom of the Suebi	Visigothic victory
Visigothic–Vasconic War (581) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Pyrenees	Visigothic Kingdom	Vascones	Visigothic victory
Third Visigothic–Suevic War (585–586) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Visigothic Kingdom	Kingdom of the Suebi	Visigothic victory
First Muslim invasion of Iberian Peninsula (650s) Military campaigns under Caliph Uthman and Arab–Byzantine wars Location: Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea	Visigothic Kingdom co-beligerant: Byzantine Empire	Rashidun Caliphate Arab and Berber forces	Stalemate Initial Muslim victory, conquering the coastal areas of Iberian Peninsula and establishing some colonies on the coast of Spain to help the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. Areas lost soon after due to the general disorder in the Muslim empire, re-occupied by Visigoths.
Byzantine incursion against Visigoth Spain (694/702/703) Location: Southern Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea	Visigothic Kingdom	Byzantine Empire	Visigothic victory Theodemir success in the defense of the Visighotic Mediterranean coasts.
Muslim incursions on the Balearic Islands (8th century–10th century) part of Arab–Byzantine wars Location: Balearic Islands and Western Mediterranean Sea	Byzantine Empire Byzantine North Africa Byzantine Balearic Islands [es] Carolingian Empire (799-815 [es])	Umayyad Caliphate (until 750) Emirate of Córdoba (since 759)	Arab victory Muslim conquest of Majorca. It becomes the Eastern Islands of Al-Andalus [es]
Visigothic Civil War (710–711) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Achila II forces from northeast Hispania	Roderic forces from southwest Hispania	Inconclusive due to Arab-Berber Invasion.
Umayyad conquest of Hispania (710–780) Part of Early Muslim conquests Location: Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea	Visigothic Kingdom	Umayyad Caliphate	Umayyad victory Start of Spanish Reconquista.
Umayyad invasion of Gaul (719–759) Campaign of Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-Ghafiqi Combat of Llívia Battle of the River Garonne Battle of Poitiers Part of Early Muslim conquests Location: Southern Gaul (now France)	Frankish kingdom Duchy of Aquitaine Lombard Kingdom Duchy of Gascony Vascones	Umayyad Caliphate Wilayah of Al Andalus [es]	Frankish victory Franks conquers Septimania after the fall of Visigoths, expelling Arab-Berber settlers. Umayyad Caliphate retreat permanently to Iberia after Siege of Narbonne (752–759). End of Muslim attempts to conquer Western Europe.
Battle of Covadonga (722) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Umayyad Caliphate Wilayah of Al Andalus [es]	Asturian victory
Berber Revolt (740–743) Part of the Fitnas and Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula and North Africa	Berber insurgents on North Africa and Hispania Kingdom of Asturias	Umayyad Caliphate Al-Andalus (Moors) Ifriqiya (Fihrids) Syrian, Egyptian, Jordanian, Palestine junds of Bilad al-Sham	Arab victory just in al-Andalus and Ifriqiya. Establishment of several berber states on Maghreb (independence of Morocco). Alfonso I of Asturias add the northwestern provinces of Galicia and León to his kingdom and create a buffer zone in the Douro River valley (the "Desert of the Duero") The Arab element on the Iberian Peninsula is increased, to the detriment of Berber, due to Middle Eastern migrants from the junds settlements (but also destabilizing the power of the governor of al-Andalus).
Yemeni Revolt on the Wali of Al-Andalus (745–756) Battle of Guadalete (745) [es] Battle of Secunda (747) Siege of Zaragoza (754) [es] Revolt in Zaragoza (755) Siege of Pamplona (755) Battle of Musarah (756) Battle of Alameda (756) [es] Part of Third Fitna, Qays–Yaman rivalry and Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	1st phase Supports of Abu'l-Khattar al-Husam ibn Darar al-Kalbi Qays units Yaman units Qahtanite units 2nd phase Supports of Abd al-Rahman Umayyad dynasty Yaman units Syrian junds Revolt of Amer bin Amr al-Abdari Abbasid Basques of Pamplona	1st phase Supports of Tuwaba ibn Salama al-Judhami Banu Lakhm units Mudar units Banu Judham units Adnan units 2nd phase Supports of Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri Ma'addites Fihrids Qays Berber	Initial victory of the north Arab faction in the first phase, then of the south Arab faction in the second phase The fugitive Umayyad prince, Abd al-Rahman I, establish an independent Emirate of Córdoba. End of al-Andalus rule by governors sent from Damascus or appointed by the recommendation of the Umayyad regional governors of Ifriqiya. Christian Iberic kingdom conquers territory of the Upper March.
Abbasid attempt to conquer Al Andalus (763)^[3]^[4] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Emirate of Córdoba Umayyad dynasty	Abbasid Caliphate	Umayyad victory Al-Mansur withdrew from Spain and focused on consolidating its authority in Persia. Abd al-Rahman I (grandson of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik) became an independent emir of Córdoba and reached the first unification of Al-Andalus (Toledo, Zaragoza, Pamplona, Barcelona), including parts of western Maghreb. Considering themselves the authentic caliphate against Abbasid's pretension. Total independence of Al Andalus from the Caliphs of Baghdad. Spain never again came under the rule of an eastern caliph who ruled the Muslim world.
Revolts against Emirate of Cordoba (771–774)^[5] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Emirate of Córdoba	Syrians rebels under Abd al-Ghaffar Arab and Berber tribes Abd al-Rahman's enemies	Revolts suppressed
Battle of Montecubeiro (774) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Galician rebels	Asturian victory
Yemeni revolt on the Emirate of Cordoba (777 –781) Siege of Zaragoza (777) Iberian revolt in 778–779 Siege of Zaragoza (778) Zaragoza Muslim revolt in 781–783 Location: Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea	Arab wāli of Barcelona, Zaragoza and Girona Supported by: Abbasid Caliphate Ifriqiya (Fihrids) Frankish kingdom (Carolingian Empire)	Emirate of Córdoba Upper March Umayyad dynasty	Revolt suppressed Sulayman al-Arabi search for an alliance with Charlemagne at the Diet in Paderborn Death of Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib al-Siqlabi, leader of the revolt End of Abbasids' efforts to assert their rule in Al-Andalus and end of Fihrids prominence Husayn of Zaragoza accepts a truce.
Charlemagne's campaign in the Iberian Peninsula (778–816) Battle of Roncevaux Pass (778) Siege of Barcelona (801) Siege of Tortosa (808–809) Battle of Huesca (812) [es] Battle of Majorca (813) [es] Battle of Pancorbo (816) Iberian Naval campaign of Charlemagne [fr] Part of Conquest of the Spanish March [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula, Southern France and Mediterranean Sea	Frankish kingdom (Carolingian Empire) Duchy of Gascony County of Barcelona County of Urgell Papal States supported by: Abbasids^[6] Byzantine Empire	Emirate of Córdoba (Moors) Basques (Pagan) supported by: Banu Qasi	Initial Basque victory on the high Pyrenees. Consolidation of Omeya rule on Al-Andalus against Abbasids, but Saracens fail to conquer more lands on Western Europe for Islam. Carolingian Empire conquers the Balearic Islands [es] and Spanish March for the Franks and the Catholic Church.
Battle of the Burbia River (791) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Defeat
Battle of Lutos (794) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Asturian victory
Battle of Las Babias (795) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Defeat
Sack of Lisbon (798) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Asturian victory
Andalusian raids on Sardinia^[7] (807–822) Part of Saracens incursions on Italy and Arab–Byzantine warsLocation: Mediterranean Sea, Sardinia	Emirate of Córdoba	Byzantine Empire Byzantine Sardinia	Defeat
Louis the Pious' attempt to control the Hispanic March and Vasconia (814–824) Battle of Roncevaux Pass (824) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Southern France	Carolingian Empire Basques (Gascons)	Emirate of Córdoba Basques (Navarrese, Aragonese) Qasawi Muslims (Moors)	Basque and Muslim victory Navarre and Aragon became completely independent from the power of the Frankish rulers
Andalusian occupation of Alexandria (814–828) Part of Fourth Fitna and Sarracens incursion on the Mediterranean Location: Egypt and Mediterranean Sea	Emirate of Alexandria Andalusian corsairs	Abbasid Caliphate Arab Egypt Tahirids	Defeat Muslim Spaniards are expelled by Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani.
Cordoban Razzias against Carolingian Empire (815–856) Razzia of 815 Razzia of 842 Razzia of 845 Razzia of 851 Razzia of 856 Location: Spanish March	Frankish kingdom (Carolingian Empire) Spanish March	Emirate of Córdoba	Mostly Muslim victories and successful sacks.
Revolt of the Arrabal (818) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Emirate of Córdoba	Citizens of the suburb of Saqunda	Emirate victory
Andalusian conquest of Crete (824/827–829) Cretan expedition (828) Battle of Thasos Part of Early Muslim conquests, Sarracens incursion on the Mediterranean and Arab–Byzantine wars Location: Greek islands and Aegean Sea	Emirate of Crete Andalusian corsairs	Byzantine Empire	Andalusian Victory
Aisso Revolt (826–827) Siege of Rueda Ter Siege of Barcelona (827) [es] Siege of Gerona Location: Spanish March	Catalan counties County of Osona County of Razès County of Conflent Emirate of Córdoba	Carolingian Empire	Carolingian Victory Bernard of Septimania gets control over Catalan counties.
Muslim conquest of Sicily (827–902) Part of Early Muslim conquests, Saracens incursions on Italy and Arab–Byzantine wars Location: Mediterranean Sea, Sicily	Abbasid Caliphate Aghlabid emirate of Ifriqiya occasional assistance from: Emirate of Cordoba Duchy of Naples	Byzantine Empire occasional assistance from: Venice	Aghlabid conquest of Sicily with Andalusian support.
Carolingian Succession War (830–842) Frankish Civil War (830) Siege of Toulouse (844) Battle of Angumois (844) Location: Western Europe and Central Europe	Divisionists Forces Charles the Bald Louis the German Supported by: Bernard of Septimania Sunifred, Count of Barcelona	Imperialists Forces Lothair I Pepin II of Aquitaine Supported by: William of Septimania	Divisionist victory The Hispani refugees become vassals of Charles the Bald, and Septimania is annexed to West Francia.
Viking expedition of 844 [es] Viking raid on Seville Viking raid on Galicia Part of Viking raids on Iberian Peninsula Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias Kingdom of Galicia Emirate of Córdoba Banu Qasi	Norwegian Vikings of Noirmoutier Francia	Asturian and Córdoban victory
Battle of Albelda (851) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias Duchy of Gascony West Francia	Emirate of Córdoba Banu Qasi	Defeat
Battle of Guadalacete (852) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias Kingdom of Pamplona Toledo rebels	Emirate of Córdoba	Defeat
¡Swedish raids in the Mediterranean Sea [es] (859) Siege of Algeciras (859) [es] Part of Viking raids on Iberian Peninsula and Viking raids on Balearic Islands Location: Iberian Peninsula, Italian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea	Kingdom of Asturias Emirate of Córdoba Carolingian Empire Kingdom of Italy	Swedes and Danes Vikings	Defeat Vikings, under Björn Ironside, capture and ransom King García Íñiguez of Pamplona.
Battle of the Morcuera (865) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Defeat
Umar ibn Hafsun's Rebellion (878–928) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Lordship of Bobastro Muladí Mozarabs Berbers	Emirate of Córdoba Arabs Maulas [es]	Defeat
Battle of Polvoraria (878) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Asturian victory
First Battle of Cellorigo (882) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Asturian victory
Second Battle of Cellorigo (883) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Asturian victory
Raid of 897 against Barcelona (897) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of West Francia County of Barcelona	Emirate of Córdoba Banu Qasi	Defeat
Day of Zamora (901) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Asturias	Emirate of Córdoba	Asturian victory
Muslim conquest of Majorca (902/903–910/911) Location: Balearic Islands	Byzantine Majorca [es]	Emirate of Córdoba	Defeat Iṣām al-Ḫawlānī [es] conquers the islands
Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz (917) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León	Emirate of Córdoba	Leonese victory
Pamplona Campaign (924) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Pamplona	Emirate of Córdoba	Defeat
Battle of Alhandic (939) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León	Caliphate of Córdoba	Defeat
Battle of Simancas (939) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León County of Castile	Caliphate of Córdoba	Leonese victory
Hungarian raid in Spain (942) Part of the Hungarian invasions of Europe Location: Iberian Peninsula and Southern Europe	Caliphate of Córdoba Upper March of Al-Andalus Catalan Counties	Principality of Hungary Magyar tribes	Initial Hungarian victory. Lacking food stores and finding insufficient forage, the Hungarians retired after a few days.
Battle of Aguioncha (966) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Galicia	County of Portugal	Defeat Culmination of a Galician–Portuguese civil war in the Kingdom of León
Sack of Santiago de Compostela (968) Part of Viking raids on Iberian Peninsula Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Galicia	Norwegian Vikings	Defeat
Battle of Rueda (981) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León County of Castile Kingdom of Pamplona	Caliphate of Córdoba	Defeat
Sack of Barcelona (985) Battle of Rovirans Part of the Reconquista Location: [Iberian Peninsula	County of Barcelona	Caliphate of Córdoba	Defeat
Battle of Cervera (1000) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León County of Castile Kingdom of Pamplona	Caliphate of Córdoba	Defeat
Battle of Calatañazor (1002) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León County of Castile Kingdom of Pamplona	Caliphate of Córdoba	Christian victory
Battle of Albesa (1003) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Catalan Counties	Caliphate of Córdoba	Cordoban victory Death of Berenguer of Elna.
Razzia of 1003 (1003) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Catalan Counties	Caliphate of Córdoba	Cordoban victory Capture of Ermengol I, Count of Urgell.
Mujahid's invasion of Sardinia (1005–1015) Part of Saracens incursions on Italy Location: Sardinia	Taifa of Dénia	Republic of Pisa Republic of Genoa Sardinian medieval kingdoms Judicate of Logudoro Judicate of Cagliari	Defeat
Fitna of al-Andalus (1009–1031) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Muslim rebels	Caliphate of Córdoba	The caliphate crumbled in 1031 into a number of independent taifas, including the Taifa of Córdoba, Taifa of Seville and Taifa of Zaragoza.
Normand expedition of 1014 Part of Viking raids on Iberian Peninsula Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León Kingdom of Galicia County of Portugal	Norwegian Vikings	Defeat
Castilian-Leonese War (1034–1037) Battle of Tamarón Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Castile Kingdom of Pamplona	Kingdom of León	Castillian victory Death of Bermudo III of León. Then Ferdinand I of León is crowned as King of Leon, dominating all the Iberian Peninsula and considering himself as Imperator totius Hispaniae. Afterward, his Curia regis elevates Castille from County to Kingdom in 1065.
Battle of Tafalla (1035/1043)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Pamplona	County of Aragon Taifa of Zaragoza	Pamplonese victory
Battle of Atapuerca (1054)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León County of Castile	Kingdom of Pamplona	Leonese-Castillian victory
Battle of Graus (1063) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Castile Taifa of Zaragoza	Kingdom of Aragon	Castilian–Zaragozan victory
Crusade of Barbastro (1064) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Aragon County of Urgell Duchy of Aquitaine Papal States	Emirate of Lārida	Christian victory
Battle of Paterna (1065) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León	Taifa of Valencia	Leonese victory
War of the Three Sanchos (1065–67) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Aragon	Castilian victory Castile annexes La Bureba, Montes de Oca and Pancorbo
Castilian-Leonese War of 1068 Battle of Llantada (1068) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of León	Castilian victory
Battle of Pedroso (1071) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Galicia	County of Portugal	Victory García II of Galicia declaring himself King of Portugal.
Castilian-Leonese War of 1072 Battle of Golpejera (1072) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of León	Castilian victory
Battle of Almenar (1082) Part of the Reconquista and Lérida-Zaragoza conflictLocation: Iberian Peninsula	Catalan counties Muslim Taifa of Lérida	Muslim Zaragoza	Defeat
Battle of Piedra Pisada (1084) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Christian Aragon	Muslim Zaragoza	Defeat
Battle of Morella (1084) Part of the Reconquista and Lérida-Zaragoza conflictLocation: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Aragon Muslim Taifa of Lérida	Muslim Zaragoza	Victory
Siege of Toledo^[8] (1084–85) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Taifa of Toledo	Castilian victory
Battle of Sagrajas (1086) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León Kingdom of Aragon	Almoravids Taifa of Seville Taifa of Badajoz Taifa of Granada Taifa of Almería Taifa of Málaga	Defeat Start of Almoravid conquest of Al-Andalus
Siege of Toledo (1090) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Almoravids	Castilian victory
Siege of Valencia^[8] (1092–1094) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Taifa of Valencia Almoravids	Castilian victory. El Cid gets the Lordship of Valencia
Battle of Cuarte (1094) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Valencia under Cid's rule	Almoravids	Castilian victory.
Siege of Huesca (1094–1096) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Aragon	Taifa of Zaragoza Kingdom of Castile	Aragonese victory. Start of Aragonese expansion to the south of the Pyrenees.
First Crusade (1095–1099) Part of Crusades Location: Middle East (Levant and Anatolia)	Crusaders Kingdom of France Byzantine Empire Armenian Cilicia County of Flanders Papal States Republic of Genoa Holy Roman Empire County of Sicily Duchy of Apulia and Calabria County of Barcelona County of Roussillon Maronites	Muslims: Seljuk Empire Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate	Victory: The Crusade assists in capturing Nicaea, restoring much of western Anatolia to the Byzantine Empire The Crusaders successfully capture Jerusalem and establish the Crusader states
Battle of Alcoraz (1096) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Aragon	Taifa of Zaragoza Kingdom of Castile	Aragonese victory
Battle of Bairén (1097) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Aragon Valencia under Cid's rule Kingdom of Castile	Almoravid dynasty	Aragonese/Castilian/Valencian victory
Battle of Consuegra (1097) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León	Almoravid dynasty	Defeat
Battle of Mollerussa (1102) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Urgell	Almoravid dynasty	Stalemate Death of Ermengol V, Count of Urgell and end of Moroccan expansion
Conquest of Balaguer (1105) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Barcelona County of Urgell	Almoravid dynasty	Christian victory
Norwegian Crusade (1107–1110) Part of the Crusades (aftermath of First Crusade) and the Reconquista Location: Iberia, Balearic Islands, Palestine	Kingdom of Jerusalem Norwegian Realm Republic of Venice	Fatimid Caliphate Almoravid Empire Taifa of Badajoz Taifa of Majorca Barbary pirates of Majorca	Crusader victory.
Battle of Uclés (1108) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León	Almoravid dynasty	Defeat
Galician Revolt (1110–1112)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile and León Kingdom of Galicia Kingdom of Aragon and Navarre	Galician Rebels County of Portugal Duchy of Burgundy	Inconclusive Galician rebels and Castilian loyals ally against Aragonese influence.
Leonese Civil War (1110–1111) Battle of Candespina Battle of Viadangos Location: Iberian Peninsula	Supporters of Urraca of León and Castile: Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León Kingdom of Galicia	Supporters of Alfonso the Battler Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Aragon Galician Rebels County of Portugal Duchy of Burgundy	Truce Militar Victory of Alfonso Political Victory of Urraca
1113–1115 Balearic Islands expedition Part of the Crusades Location: Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Islands)	Republic of Pisa Catalan counties County of Provence Giudicato of Torres Papal States	Taifa of Majorca Almoravids	Christian victory
Battle of Martorell (1114) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Catalan counties	Almoravid dynasty	Catalan victory
Conquest of Zaragoza (1118) Part of the Reconquista Location: Zaragoza	Kingdom of Aragon Kingdom of Navarre Viscounty of Béarn	Almoravid dynasty	Christian victory
Battle of Cutanda (1120) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Aragon Duchy of Aquitaine	Almoravid dynasty	Christian victory
Battle of Lerida (1122) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Aragon	Almoravid dynasty County of Barcelona Duchy of Aquitaine	Almoravid victory
Crusade of Alfonso I of Aragon in Andalusia Part of the Reconquista (1125–1126) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Aragon	Almoravid dynasty	Christian Tactic Victory
Battle of Corbins (1126) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	County of Barcelona County of Pallars Jussà	Almoravid dynasty	Almoravid victory
Battle of São Mamede (1128) Part of Kingdom of León Civil War and War of Portuguese Independence Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León Kingdom of Galicia	County of Portugal	Defeat Secession of the County of Portugal which becomes a kingdom with Afonso Henriques.
Luso–Leonese War (1130–37) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León	County of Portugal	Leonese victory Treaty of Tuy
Aragonese intervention in Aquitaine [fr] (1130–1133) Siege of Bayonne (1130–1131) Location: Southern France	Union of Aragon-Navarre Viscounty of Béarn County of Bigorre County of Foix County of Comminges	Duchy of Aquitaine County of Toulouse County of Labourd	Defeat
War of Navarrese-Aragonese succession (1134–46) Invasion of Alfonso VII of Castile (1134) Invasion of García Ramírez of Navarre (1141) Location: Iberian Peninsula	1° phase (1134–1135) Loyals to García Ramírez of Navarre Kingdom of Navarre Union of Castile-León 2° phase (1135) Union of Castile-León 3° phase (1135–1136) Union of Castile-León Kingdom of Navarre 4° phase (1136–1140) Union of Castile-León-Aragon 5° phase (1139–1149) Union of Castile-León Union of Aragon-Barcelona 6° phase (1139–1146) Union of Castile-León Kingdom of Navarre	1° phase (1134–1135) Loyals to Ramiro II of Aragon Kingdom of Aragon 2° phase (1135) Union of Aragon-Navarre 3° phase (1135–1136) Kingdom of Aragon 4° phase (1136–1140) Kingdom of Aragon County of Barcelona Kingdom of Navarre County of Portugal (since 1137) 5° phase (1139–40) Kingdom of Navarre 6° phase (1139–1146) Union of Aragon-Barcelona	1° Phase: Pact of Vadoluengo: Navarre-Aragon union is maintained, with Navarre loyal to García Ramirez as vassals to Aragon loyal to Ramiro II, joining forces against Castilan invasion (which conquered Kingdom of Zaragoza). 2° Phase: García of Navarre declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII of Castile and León, so supporting Alfonso's claims to Aragon crown. 3° Phase: Alfonso VII and Ramiro II consolidates an alliance in the Treaty of Alagon (during the short time that all iberian kingdoms were vassals of Castile, Alfonso VII declared himself Imperator totius Hispaniae). However, Garcia of Navarre rebels against Castile, while also in war with Aragon. 4° phase: Aragonese nobility rejects alliance with Castille, so pacts an alliance with Catalan County of Barcelona on the Capitulations of Barbastre, donating Ramiro II his realm to Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona. Aragonese-Castilian conflict ends with the Treaty of Carrion (ending the conflict of succession in Aragon). 5° phase: After a failed attempt of partitioning Navarre between Castile and Aragon, Castilian-Navarrese conflict ends with the Peace of Calahorra (ending Conflict of succession in Navarra). 6° phase: The Aragonese–Navarrese conflicts continues until 1146 with the Truce of San Esteban de Gormaz, in which Castile quits of the war.
Siege of Oreja (1139) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Galicia Kingdom of León Kingdom of Toledo (Christians)	Almoravids (Muslims)	Christian victory
Battle of Cerneja (1139) Part of War of Portuguese independence Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León	County of Portugal	Defeat
Battle of Valdevez (1140) Part of War of Portuguese independence Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León	County of Portugal	Defeat The Treaty of Zamora (1143) recognized Portuguese independence from the Kingdom of León.
Baussenque Wars (1144–62) Location: Burgundy, Kingdom of Arles (Modern France)	County of Barcelona County of Provence, Viscount of Albi [fr] and Carcassonne	County of Toulouse County of Foix Lords of Baux	Victory for Catalan party.
Revolt against Almoravids (1144–47) Location: Iberian Peninsula (Sharq Al-Andalus) Siege of Mértola Siege of Orihuela Battle of Almosala Battle of Albacete	Almoravid dynasty Taifa of Cuenca Kingdom of Castile	Taifa of Valencia Taifa of Murcia Taifa of Rueda de Jalón	Stalemate
Second Crusade (1147–50) Siege of Almería Siege of Lisbon Part of Crusades Location: Middle East and North Africa (Near East, Anatolia, Levant, Egypt) and Iberian Peninsula\| Crusaders Kingdom of Jerusalem Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Castile County of Barcelona Kingdom of León Byzantine Empire Kingdom of England	Seljuk Empire Emirate of Zengids Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Almoravids	Status quo ante bellum Decisive Seljuk Turks victory in Anatolia Decisive Crusader victories in Iberia
Siege of Almería (1147) Part of Crusades and Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Union of Castile-León Union of Aragon-Barcelona Kingdom of Navarre Republic of Genoa	Almoravids (Muslims)	Christian victory
Siege of Lisbon (1147) Part of Crusades and Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Taifa of Badajoz	Kingdom of Portugal Crusaders	Christian victory
Navarrese-Aragonese War (1148–1156) García Ramirez Offensive (1148) Raymond Berenguer Offensive (1151) Sancho Garcia Offensive (1156)	Union of Aragon-Barcelona Union of Castile-León-Galicia (since 1151)	Union of Castile-León-Galicia (until 1150) Kingdom of Navarre	Stalemate Treaty of Tudilén and Treaty of Lleida: Castile and Aragon makes peace and agrees an alliance, while also establishing spheres of influence for a planned partition of Navarre and Al-Andalus Peace of Gallur: Aragon and Navarre agree on a definitive peace between both kingdoms, after being formally at war since 1134.
Conquest of Siurana (1158–1159)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Aragon	Taifa of Siurana	Aragonese victory
Conflict over the regency of Alfonso VIII (1158–1169) Battle of Lobregal Battle of Huete Location: Iberian Peninsula	House of Lara Kingdom of Castile	House of Castro Supported by: Kingdom of León Kingdom of Galicia Kingdom of Aragon (since 1162) Kingdom of Navarre (since 1162)	Victory for House of Castro. Start of Castillian-Leonese War, Castillian-Navarrese War and Castillian-Aragonese war.
Henry II of England campaign on Toulouse^[9] (1159) Part of Capetian–Plantagenet rivalry Location: Southern France	Kingdom of England (Angevin) House of Aragon^[10] County of Barcelona Lordship of Montpellier	Royal Domain of France (Capet) County of Toulouse	Truce Political victory of the Anglo-Normans
Castilian-Leonese War (1162–1166) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Portugal	Kingdom of León Kingdom of Navarre	Castillian Victory Castillians regains Toledo.
Luso–Leonese War (1162–1165) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León	Kingdom of Portugal	Portuguese victory
Luso–Leonese War (1167–1169) Siege of Badajoz (1169) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of León Almohad Caliphate	Kingdom of Portugal	Leonese-Almohad Victory
Aragon-Toulouse War over Provence^[11] (1166–1176) Location: Southern France	Crown of Aragon County of Barcelona County of Provence Lordship of Montpellier Viscounty of Béarn (since 1170) County of Bigorre (since 1175) House of Baux House of Trencavel (until 1171) Kingdom of England (Angevin) (until 1173) Republic of Genoa (until 1167)	County of Toulouse House of Trencavel (since 1771) Republic of Genoa (since 1168)	Aragonese victory Treaty of Amparazan: The Aran Valley, which since the 10th century belonged to the county of Cominges, is subjugated by Aragon. Treaty of Tarascon: Ramon V of Toulouse renounced his claims to Provence, the County of Gévaudan and Carladès, in favour of Alfonso II of Aragon.
Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula Siege of Huete Conquest of Cuenca Raid of Ceuta (1180) Battle of Ceuta (1182) Siege of Moya Siege of Santarém (1184) Battle of Alarcos Siege of Al-Dāmūs Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago Order of Calatrava Crown of Aragon Knights Templar Kingdom of Navarre (until 1195) (1211-1212) Kingdom of León (until 1195) (1211-1212) Kingdom of Portugal Crusaders from Northern Europe	Almohad Caliphate Kingdom of Navarre (1196-1197) Kingdom of León (1196-1197)	Spanish Christian victory Decline of the Almohad Caliphate Castilian conquest of central Spain Third Period of Taifas
Siege of Huete (1172) Part of the Reconquista and Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Almohad Caliphate	Castillian Victory
Conquest of Cuenca (1177) Part of the Reconquista and Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León Kingdom of Aragon Lordship of Albarracín	Almohad Caliphate	Castillian victory
Castilian-Leonese War (1178–1180) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Portugal	Kingdom of León	Inconclusive Conference of Tordesillas
Aragon-Toulouse War of 1179-1185 Location: Southern France	Crown of Aragon County of Barcelona County of Provence Lordship of Montpellier Viscounty of Béarn County of Bigorre Viscounty of Narbonne Republic of Pisa (since 1183) Cathars	County of Toulouse Kingdom of England (Angevin) County of Forcalquier (since 1183) Republic of Genoa (since 1183) County of Provence (1183-1184)	Aragonese victory
Siege of Moya (1183) Part of the Reconquista and Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Almohad Caliphate	Castillian victory
Siege of Santarém (1184) Part of the Reconquista and Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of León	Almohad Caliphate	Victory Pope Alexander III formally recognized Afonso I as rex Portugalensium
Castilian-Leonese War of 1188-1194^[12] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	League of Huesca [es] Kingdom of León Kingdom of Portugal (since 1191) Kingdom of Aragon (1191–1192) Kingdom of Navarre (since 1191)	Inconclusive Castillian military victory until Papal mediation cease the conflict in a mission to unifiy all Iberian Christian Kingdoms against Almohads. Treaty of Tordehumos [es]: Leonese political victory.
Third Crusade (1189–92) Part of Crusades Location: Middle East (Levant and Anatolia), Mediterranean Europe (Sicily, Iberia, Balkans)	Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Hungary Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of León Republic of Pisa Kingdom of Denmark Angevin Empire Kingdom of Jerusalem Armenian Cilicia	Sunni Muslim: Ayyubid Sultanate Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm Almohad Caliphate Shia Muslim: Nizari Ismaili state(the Assassins) Eastern Christian opponents: Byzantine Empire Cyprus	Treaty of Jaffa (1192) Crusader military victory. Recognition of the territorial status quo at the end of active campaigning, including continued Muslim control of Jerusalem and the restoration of the Levantine Crusader States. Crusaders capture Cyprus and the Kingdom of Cyprus is established. Conquest of Alvor and siege of Silves by Portuguese on Iberian Peninsula.
Castilian-Aragonese War of 1190-1191^[12] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Borja Alliance Kingdom of Aragon Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Portugal (since 1191) Kingdom of León (since 1191)	Stalemate
Battle of Alarcos (1195) Part of the Reconquista and Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago Order of Évora	Almohad Caliphate	Defeat
Castilian–Leonese War (1196–1197) - Part of Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Aragon	Kingdom of León Kingdom of Navarre Almohad Caliphate	Ceasefire Castillian military victory until Papal mediation cease the conflict and condemns both parties due to disapprove the marriage between Berengaria of Castile and Alfonso IX of León (which attempted to make a peace on Status quo ante bellum).
Luso-Leonese War (1196–1200) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Castile (until 1197)	Kingdom of León Kingdom of Navarre Almohad Caliphate	Status Quo Ante Bellum
Castillian invasion of Navarre (1199–1200)Location: Pyrenees	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of Navarre	Victory Navarre ends as a Landlocked country, lossing Durangaldea, Álava, Aitzorrotz (Deba valley), Gipuzkoa and Donostia Hernaniko
Almohad conquest of Balearic islands (1203) part of Almohad-almoravid conflicts Location: Balearic Islands and North Africa	Almoravid dynasty Taifa of Majorca	Almohad Caliphate	Almohad victory
Castilian-Leonese War of 1204–1206^[12] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of León	Stalemate Treaty of Cabreros between Alfonso VIII of Castile and Alfonso IX of León. Treaty of Valladolid of 1209 between both kingdoms.
Anglo-Castillian War (1206)^[13] Location: Southern France, Gascony	Kingdom of Castile Viscounty of Béarn County of Armagnac Vizcounty of Tartas Orthez	Kingdom of England (Angevin)	English victory Alfonso VIII of Castile's coalition fails to conquer the Duchy of Aquitaine, loyal to John of England.
Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229) Part of Crusades Location: Southern France (Languedoc and Occitania)	Cathars Churches Faidit County of Toulouse Viscounty of Béziers and Albi County of Valentinois Lordship of Séverac Marquisate of Provence Viscounty of Béarn County of Astarac Crown of Aragon County of Foix County of Comminges Viscounty of Carcassonne Lordship of Menèrba Lordship of Tèrmes Lordship of Cabaret Lordship of Montsegúr Kingdom of England	Crusaders: Catholic Church Crusader volunteers Episcopal Inquisition Dominican Order Militia of the Faith of Jesus Christ Hospitallers of the Holy Spirit Knights of Saint George Papal States Kingdom of France Duchy of Burgundy Duchy of Brittany County of Nevers County of Auxerre County of Saint-Pol Viscounty of Donges Viscounty of Torèna English volunteers County of Aurenja County of Provence-Forcalquier Duchy of Austria Duchy of Berg Electorate of Cologne	Defeat Languedoc, which until then was still under the influence of Catalonia and the Aragonese, definitively entered in French hands and they were incorporated into their sphere of influence as conquered Royal Domains. The crusade leads to the definitive separation between the Occitans, to the north, and the Catalans, to the south. Extinction of Catharism and instauration of Holy Inquisition to France and all Catholic Christendom. House of Barcelona renounced its claims over Occitania and Provence on the Treaty of Corbeil of 1258, and also French royal family renounce claims over the Spanish March.
Siege of Al-Dāmūs (1210) Part of the Reconquista and Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula Location: Iberian Peninsula	Crown of Aragon Knights Hospitaller Knights Templar	Almohad Caliphate	Christian victory
Castilian-Leonese War of 1212^[12] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of León Kingdom of Portugal	Truce of Coimbra
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) Part of the Reconquista and Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Order of Santiago Order of Calatrava Knights Templar French volunteers Leonese volunteers	Almohad Caliphate	Christian victory 100,000 Muslims killed^[14] 25–30 Christians killed^[14]
Battle of Muret (1213) Part of the Albigensian Crusade Location: Muret (Modern France)	Crown of Aragon County of Toulouse County of Comminges County of Foix Viscounty of Carcassonne	Crusaders Kingdom of France	French-Crusader victory
Castilian-Leonese War of 1217-1218^[12] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of León	Unnamed truce between Alfonso IX of León, and Fernando III with Queen Berenguela of Castile.
First Nobiliary Revolt against James I of Aragon (1220) Location:[Iberian Peninsula	Crown of Aragon Royal Council of Aragon [es] James I of Aragon forces	Lordship of Albarracín Rodrigo de Liçana forces Pero Ferrández de Açagra forces	Victory
Second Nobiliary Revolt against James I of Aragon (1223) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Crown of Aragon Royal Council of Aragon [es] James I of Aragon forces	Nobiliary leagues Ferdinand of Aragon forces	Defeat
Conquest of Valencia (1225–1304) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Crown of Aragon Principality of Catalonia Kingdom of Aragon Lordship of Montpellier [fr]	Almohad Caliphate Taifa of Valencia Taifa of Murcia Emirate of Granada Crown of Castile	Victory Foundation of Kingdom of Valencia.
Conquest of Majorca (1228–31) Siege of Artà Part of the Reconquista Location: Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Islands)	Crown of Aragon Marseille Narbonne Republic of Genoa Knights Templar Order of Malta	Almohad Caliphate territory of Majorca	Aragonese victory
Siege of Burriana (1233) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Crown of Aragon Knights Hospitaller Knights Templar Senyoria d'Albarrasí	Taifa of Valencia	Aragonese victory
Conquest of Ibiza (1235) Part of the Reconquista Location: Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Islands)	Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Portugal	Almohad Caliphate	Aragonese victory Territorial division in quartó
Siege of Córdoba (1236) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Moors	Castilian victory
Battle of the Puig (1237) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Crown of Aragon	Taifa of Valencia	Aragonese victory Conquest of Valencia
Castillian conquest of Murcia^[15] (1243–1245) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Crown of Castile Taifa of Murcia	Muslim Murcians Lorca Mula Cartagena	Castillian victory Treaty of Alcaraz (1243) is seizured and Murcia is a protectorate of Ferdinand III of Castile. Treaty of Almizra with Aragon to stablish spheres of influence on Emirate of Granada.
Anglo-Navarrese Conflicts (1237–1266)^[16]^[13] 1st Anglo-Navarrese war (1243–1244) 2nd Anglo-Navarrese war (1266) Part of Capetian–Plantagenet rivalry Location: Southern France, Gascony	Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of France	Kingdom of England (Angevin) Vizcounty of Tartas	English victory [1°] Peace of Ainhoa: Henry III of England seized control of the Duchy of Gascony, and Theobald I of Navarre received compensation for the loss of his Fiefs in the Kingdom of France. [2°]: Theobald II of Navarre renounced its claims over Bigorre. End of Navarrese influence over the French territories south of the Garonne.
Great Interregnum^[17] 1245/50–1273/5 Location: Germany and Italy	Hohenstaufen party Frederick II (1245–50) Conrad IV (1245–54) Alfonso X of Castile (1257–75) Rudolf of Habsburg (1273–5)	Welf party Henry of Thuringia (1246–7) William II of Holland (1247–56) Richard of Cornwall (1257–72) Ottokar II of Bohemia	Compromise Unanimous election of Rudolf of Habsburg in 1273. Alfonso X of Castile renounced its imperial claim in 1275.
Siege of Jaén (1245–1246) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago	Taifa of Jayyān (جيان) Emirate of Granada	Castilian victory
Siege of Seville (1247–48) Part of the Reconquista Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago Knights Templar Knights Hospitaller Order of Calatrava	Almohad Caliphate Taifa of Niebla	Castilian victory
Seventh Crusade (1248–54) Location: North Africa (Egypt)	Kingdom of France Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Jerusalem Knights Templar Knights Hospitaller	Ayyubids Bahris	Defeat Status quo ante bellum
Portuguese–Castillian war of 1250–1253 (1250–1253) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile	Kingdom of Portugal	Defeat Portugal retains the Algarve.
Anglo-Castillian War of 1253–1256^[13] Gaston VIII's Rebellion and Simon de Montfort's Rebellion Location: Southern France, Gascony	Kingdom of Castile Viscounty of Béarn County of Armagnac County of Comminges	Kingdom of England (Angevin)	Status Quo Ante Bellum Alfonso X of Castile and Henry III of England makes an arranged marriage between their sons and make an alliance. Gaston VII of Béarn fails to expand its dominions. End of Castilian influence on Gascony and renouncement of its claims over Eleanor of Castile's inheritance on southern France.
Mudéjar revolt (1264–1266) Conquest of Murcia Part of the Reconquista and Mudejar revolts [es] Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Aragón Kingdom of Valencia Principality of Catalonia 2022 © WikiZero. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy \| Terms of Service

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