List of United States Senate elections (1788–1913)

Key:	AJ# Anti-Jacksonian A# Anti–Administration C# Conservative D# Democratic DR# Democratic–Republican F# Federalist FL# Farmer–Labor FS# Free Soil I# Independent ID# Independent Democratic J# Jacksonian KN# Know Nothing N# Nullifier P# Pro-Administration Pg# Progressive RA# Readjuster R# Republican U# Union UU# Unconditional Union V# Vacant

These were the first Senate elections, which coincided with the election of President George Washington. As of this election, formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of senators who supported George Washington's administration were known as "Pro-Administration," and the senators against him as "Anti-Administration." Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.^[1]

V1
A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6	A7	P13	P12	P11
Majority →
P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7	P8	P9	P10
V2

These were the second series of elections. In these elections, terms were up for the nine Senators in Class 1. As of these elections, formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of Senators who supported President George Washington's administration were known as the Pro-Administration Party, and the Senators against him as the Anti-Administration Party.

Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.^[1]

A3	A2	A1
A4	A5	A6 Re-elected	A7 Gain	V1 A Loss	P18 Hold	P17 Hold	P16 Re-elected	P15 Re-elected	P14 Re-elected
Majority →
P4	P5	P6	P7	P8	P9	P10	P11	P12	P13 Re-elected
P3	P2	P1

These elections coincided with President George Washington's unanimous re-election. In these elections, terms were up for the ten senators in class 2.

Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.^[1]

A5	A4	A3	A2	A1
A6	A7 Re-elected	A8 Re-elected	A9 Re-elected	A10 Hold	A11 Gain	V1	P18 Gain	P17 Gain	P16 Hold
Majority →
P6	P7	P8	P9	P10	P11	P12	P13	P14 Re-elected	P15 Hold
P5	P4	P3	P2	P1

These elections had the formation of organized political parties in the United States, with the Federalist Party emerging from the Pro Administration coalition, and the Democratic-Republican Party emerging from the Anti-Administration coalition.

A5	A4	A3	A2	A1
A6	A7	A8	DR1 Gain	DR2 Gain	V1	F8 Gain	F7 Gain	F6 Gain	F5 Gain
									F4 Gain
P6	P7	P8	P9	P10	P11	F1 Gain	F2 Gain	F3 Gain
P5	P4	P3	P2	P1

These elections coincided with John Adams's election as President. His ruling Federalist Party gained one seat.

DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR7 Re-elected	DR8 Hold	DR9 Hold	DR10 Gain	V1 Gain	F21 Gain	F20 Hold	F19 Hold	F18 Hold	F17 Hold
Majority →
F7 Re-elected	F8 Re-elected	F9 Re-elected	F10 Re-elected	F11 Re-elected	F12 Hold	F13 Hold	F14 Hold	F15 Hold	F16 Hold
F6	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

These elections were held at the middle of President John Adams's administration and had no net change in political control of the Senate.

DR6 Re-elected	DR5 Re-elected	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR7 Hold	DR8 Hold	DR9 Hold	V1 DR loss	F22 Hold	F21 Hold	F20 Re-elected	F19 Re-elected	F18 Re-elected	F17
Majority →
F7	F8	F9	F10	F11	F12	F13	F14	F15	F16
F6	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

Coinciding with their takeover of the White House, the Democratic-Republicans took control of the Senate. Although the Federalists began the next (7th) Congress with a slim majority, they lost their majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections.

DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR7	DR8	DR9 Re-elected	DR10 Hold	DR11 Gain	DR12 Gain	DR13 Gain	DR14 Gain	V1 F loss	F17 Gain
Majority →
									F16 Re-elected
F7	F8	F9	F10	F11	F12	F13	F14	F15 Re-elected
F6	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

These elections had the Democratic-Republicans assume an overwhelming control of the Senate.

DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR7	DR8	DR9	DR10	DR11	DR12	DR13	DR14	DR15	DR16 Re-elected
Majority →									DR17 Re-elected
F7 Re-elected	F8 Re-elected	F9 Hold	V1 Fed loss	DR22 Gain	DR21 Gain	DR20 Gain	DR19 Gain	DR18 Gain
F6	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

These elections expanded the Democratic-Republicans' overwhelming control of the Senate. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of seats (9 out of 34, or 26%) that even had they won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus.

DR7	DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR8	DR9	DR10	DR11	DR12	DR13	DR14	DR15	DR16	DR17
Majority →									DR18
DR27 Gain	DR26 Gain	DR25 Hold	DR24 Hold	DR23 Hold	DR22 Hold	DR21 Re-elected	DR20 Re-elected	DR19 Re-elected
F7 Re-elected	F6 Re-elected	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

DR7	DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR8	DR9	DR10	DR11	DR12	DR13	DR14	DR15	DR16	DR17
Majority →									DR18
DR27 Hold	DR26 Hold	DR25 Hold	DR24 Re-elected	DR23 Re-elected	DR22 Re-elected	DR21 Re-elected	DR20 Re-elected	DR19 Re-elected
DR28 Gain	F6 Re-elected	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

DR7	DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR8	DR9	DR10	DR11	DR12	DR13	DR14	DR15	DR16	DR17
Majority →									DR18
DR27 Hold	DR26 Hold	DR25 Hold	DR24 Re-elected	DR23 Re-elected	DR22 Re-elected	DR21 Re-elected	DR20 Re-elected	DR19
F7 Gain	F6 Hold	F5 Re-elected	F4 Re-elected	F3	F2	F1

The Democratic-Republicans held their majority unchanged. The minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (8 out of 34, or 23.5%) that they had won all of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

DR7	DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR8	DR9	DR10	DR11	DR12	DR13	DR14	DR15	DR16	DR17
Majority →									DR18 Hold
V1 F Loss	DR26 Re-elected	DR25 Re-elected	DR24 Re-elected	DR23 Re-elected	DR22 Re-elected	DR21 Re-elected	DR20 Hold	DR19 Hold
F7 Re-elected	F6	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

Coinciding with President James Madison's re-election, the Democratic-Republican Party lost two seats but still retained an overwhelming majority in the Senate. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats that if they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

DR8	DR7	DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR9	DR10	DR11	DR12	DR13	DR14	DR15	DR16	DR17	DR18
Majority →									DR19
V1 DR Loss	DR27 Hold	DR26 Re-elected	DR25 Re-elected	DR24 Hold	DR23 Hold	DR22 Hold	DR21 Hold	DR20 Hold
V2 F Loss	F6 Gain	F5 Re-elected	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

The Democratic-Republicans lost a seat but still retained an overwhelming majority in the Senate. Unlike in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with a change of regaining their long-lost majority had they swept almost all the seats. However, only one seat switched parties. Two seats held by Democratic-Republicans were left unfilled until long after the next Congress began.

DR8	DR7	DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR9	DR10	DR11	DR12	DR13	DR14	DR15	DR16	DR17	DR18
Majority →									DR19 Re-elected
F9 Re-elected	F10 Re-elected	F11 Gain	V1 DR Loss	V2 DR Loss	DR23 Hold	DR22 Hold	DR21 Hold	DR20 Hold
F8 Re-elected	F7 Re-elected	F6	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

DR9	DR8	DR7	DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR10	DR11	DR12	DR13	DR14	DR15 Gain	DR16 Gain	DR17 Re-elected	DR18 Hold	DR19 Hold
Majority →									DR20 Hold
F10	F11 Hold	F12 Gain	F13 Gain	DR25 Gain	DR24 Gain	DR23 Hold	DR22 Hold	DR21 Hold
F9	F8	F7	F6	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

DR10	DR9	DR8	DR7	DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR11	DR12	DR13	DR14	DR15	DR16	DR17	DR18	DR19 Re-elected	DR20 Re-elected
Majority →									DR21 Re-elected
V1 F Loss	DR30 New seat	DR29 Gain	DR28 Hold	DR27 Hold	DR26 Hold	DR25 Hold	DR24 Hold	DR23 Hold	DR22 Hold
V2 F Loss	F9	F8	F7	F6	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

							DR1	DR2	DR3
DR13	DR12	DR11	DR10	DR9	DR8	DR7	DR6	DR5	DR4
DR14	DR15	DR16	DR17	DR18	DR19	DR20	DR21	DR22	DR23
Majority →									DR24
DR33 Hold	DR32 Re-elected	DR31 Re-elected	DR30 Re-elected	DR29 Re-elected	DR28 Re-elected	DR27	DR26	DR25
DR34 Hold	DR35 Hold	DR36 Gain	DR37 Gain	DR38 Gain	DR39 Gain	V1	V2	V3	F4 Re-elected
							F1	F2	F3

						DR1	DR2	DR3	DR4
DR14	DR13	DR12	DR11	DR10	DR9	DR8	DR7	DR6	DR5
DR15	DR16	DR17	DR18	DR119	DR20	DR21	DR22	DR23	DR24
Majority →									DR25
DR34 Hold	DR33 Hold	DR32 Hold	DR31 Hold	DR30	DR29	DR28	DR27	DR26
DR35 Re-elected	DR36 Re-elected	DR37 Re-elected	DR38 Re-elected	DR39 Re-elected	DR40 Re-elected	DR41 Re-elected	DR42 Re-elected	DR43 Re-elected	DR44 Re-elected
						F1	F2	F3 Re-elected	V1

The elections of 1824 and 1825 saw the Jacksonians gain a majority over the Anti-Jacksonians (sometimes called the "National Republican Party").

Factions:	DRa/Fa# = Adams-Clay factions	DRc# = Crawford faction	DRj# = Jackson faction

						AJ1 Gain	AJ2 Gain	AJ3 Gain	AJ4 Gain
DRc3	DRc2	DRc1	DRa11	DRa10	DRa9	V2 Fa Loss	V1 DR Loss	AJ6 Gain	AJ5 Gain
DRc4	DRc5	DRc6	DRc7	DRc8	DRc9	J1 Gain	J2 Gain	J3 Gain	J4 Gain
DRj3	DRj2	DRj1	DRc20	DRc19	DRc18	DRc17	DRc16	J6 Gain	J5 Gain
DRj4	DRj5	DRj6	DRj7	DRj8	DRj9	DRj10	DRj11	J7 Gain	J8 Gain
						Fa1	Fa2	Fa3	Fa4

						AJ1	AJ2	AJ3	AJ4
AJ14	AJ13	AJ12	AJ11	AJ10	AJ9	AJ8	AJ7	AJ6	AJ5
AJ15 Re-elected	AJ16 Re-elected	AJ17 Re-elected	AJ18 Re-elected	AJ19 Hold	AJ20 Gain	V1 Gain	J27 Gain	J26 Gain	J25 Hold
Majority →									J24 Hold
J15	J16	J17	J18	J19 Re-elected	J20 Re-elected	J21 Re-elected	J22 Re-elected	J23 Hold
J14	J13	J12	J11	J10	J9	J8	J7	J6	J5
						J1	J2	J3	J4

						AJ1	AJ2	AJ3	AJ4
AJ14	AJ13	AJ12	AJ11	AJ10	AJ9	AJ8	AJ7	AJ6	AJ5
AJ15	AJ16	AJ17 Re-elected	AJ18 Re-elected	AJ19 Re-elected	AJ20 Gain	AJ21 Gain	AJ22 Gain	J26 Gain	J25 Gain
Majority →									J24 Hold
J15	J16	J17 Re-elected	J18 Re-elected	J19 Re-elected	J20 Re-elected	J21 Re-elected	J22 Hold	J23 Hold
J14	J13	J12	J11	J10	J9	J8	J7	J6	J5
						J1	J2	J3	J4

						AJ1	AJ2	AJ3	AJ4
AJ14	AJ13	AJ12	AJ11	AJ10	AJ9	AJ8	AJ7	AJ6	AJ5
AJ15 Re-elected	AJ16 Re-elected	AJ17 Re-elected	AJ18 Hold	AJ19 Hold	AJ20 Hold	V1	N1 Gain	J26 Gain	J25 Gain
Majority →									J24 Gain
J15	J16	J17	J18	J19 Re-elected	J20 Re-elected	J21 Hold	J22 Hold	J23 Hold
J14	J13	J12	J11	J10	J9	J8	J7	J6	J5
						J1	J2	J3	J4

						AJ1	AJ2	AJ3	AJ4
AJ14	AJ13	AJ12	AJ11	AJ10	AJ9	AJ8	AJ7	AJ6	AJ5
AJ15	AJ16 Re-elected	AJ17 Re-elected	AJ18 Re-elected	AJ19 Hold	AJ20 Hold	AJ21 Gain	AJ22 Gain	AJ23 Gain	N1
Plurality ↑									N2
J15	J16 Re-elected	J17 Re-elected	J18 Re-elected	J19 Hold	J20 Gain	J21 Gain	V1 Loss	V2 Loss
J14	J13	J12	J11	J10	J9	J8	J7	J6	J5
						J1	J2	J3	J4

						AJ1	AJ2	AJ3	AJ4
AJ14	AJ13	AJ12	AJ11	AJ10	AJ9	AJ8	AJ7	AJ6	AJ5
AJ15	AJ16	AJ17	AJ18	AJ19 Re-elected	AJ20 Re-elected	AJ21 Re-elected	AJ22 Hold	AJ23 Gain	AJ24 Gain
Plurality →
J15 Re-elected	J16 Re-elected	J17 Re-elected	J18 Re-elected	J19 Gain	J20 Gain	J21 Gain	N1	N2 Re-elected	V1 Loss
J14 Re-elected	J13	J12	J11	J10	J9	J8	J7	J6	J5
						J1	J2	J3	J4

				AJ1	AJ2	AJ3	AJ4	AJ5	AJ6
W16 Re-elected New party	W15 Re-elected New party	W14 Re-elected New party	W13 Re-elected New party	AJ12	AJ11	AJ10	AJ9	AJ8	AJ7
W17 Hold New party	N1	D34 Gain	D33 Gain	D32 Gain	D31 Hold New party	D30 Hold New party	D29 Re-elected New party	D28 Re-elected New party	D27 Re-elected New party
Majority →
J17	J18	J19	J20	J21	J22	D23 Re-elected New party	D24 Re-elected New party	D25 Re-elected New party	D26 Re-elected New party
J16	J15	J14	J13	J12	J11	J10	J9	J8	J7
				J1	J2	J3	J4	J5	J6

				D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6
D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7
D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26 Re-elected
Majority →									D27 Re-elected
W17 Hold	W18 Gain	W19 Gain	W20 Gain	V4 D Loss	V3 D Loss	V2 D Loss	V1 D Loss	D28 Hold
W16 Hold	W15 Re-elected	W14 Re-elected	W13 Re-elected	W12 Re-elected	W11 Re-elected	W10	W9	W8	W7
				W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6

				D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6
D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7
D17 Re-elected	D18 Re-elected	D19 Re-elected	D20 Hold	D21 Hold	D22 Re-elected	V3 D Loss	V2	V1	W27 Gain
Majority →
W17 Hold	W18 Re-elected	W19 Hold	W20 Hold	W21 Re-elected	W22 Gain	W23 Gain	W24 Gain	W25 Gain	W26 Gain
W16	W15	W14	W13	W12	W11	W10	W9	W8	W7
				W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6

				D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6
D16 Re-elected	D15 Re-elected	D14 Re-elected	D13 Re-elected	D12 Re-elected	D11 Re-elected	D10	D9	D8	D7
D17 Re-elected	D18 Hold	D19 Hold	D20 Hold	D21 Hold	D22 Gain	D23 Gain	V2	V1	W27 Hold
Majority →									W26 Hold
W17	W18	W19	W20	W21	W22	W23	W24 Re-elected	W25 Re-elected
W16	W15	W14	W13	W12	W11	W10	W9	W8	W7
				W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6

			D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7
D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8
D18	D19	D20 Re-elected	D21 Re-elected	D22 Re-elected	D23 Re-elected	D24 Gain	D25 Gain	D26 Gain	D27 Gain
Majority →
W18 Re-elected	W19 Re-elected	W20 Hold	W21 Hold	W22 Hold	W23 Gain	W24 Gain	V1 W Loss	V2 New seat	V3 New seat
W17 Re-elected	W16	W15	W14	W13	W12	W11	W10	W9	W8
			W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6	W7

	D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9
D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10
D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D28 Re-elected	D29 Re-elected
Majority →									D30 Hold
V1 W Loss	V2 New state	V3 New state	ID1 Gain	D35 Gain	D34 Gain	D33 Gain	D32 Hold	D31 Hold
W19 Hold	W18 Hold	W17 Hold	W16 Re-elected	W15 Re-elected	W14 Re-elected	W13 Re-elected	W12	W11	W10
	W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6	W7	W8	W9

D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
D21	D22	D23	D24	D25 Re-elected	D26 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D28 Re-elected	D29 Re-elected	D30 Hold
Majority →									D31 Hold
W21 Gain	W22 Gain	W23 Gain	W24 Gain	W25 Gain	ID1	FS1 Gain	D33 Gain	D32 Hold
W20 Hold	W19 Re-elected	W18 Re-elected	W17 Re-elected	W16	W15	W14	W13	W12	W11
W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6	W7	W8	W9	W10

D1
D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10	D11
D21	D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12
D22	D23 Re-elected	D24 Re-elected	D25 Re-elected	D26 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D28 Re-elected	D29 Re-elected	D30 Hold	D31 Hold
Majority →									D32 Gain
V1 W Loss	V2 W Loss	FS1	FS2	V3 D Loss	V4 D Loss	V5 D Loss	D34 Gain	D33 Gain
W21 Gain	W20 Gain	W19 Hold	W18 Re-elected	W17	W16	W15	W14	W13	W12
W2	W3	W4	W5	W6	W7	W8	W9	W10	W11
W1

D1
D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10	D11
D21	D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12
D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27 Re-elected	D28 Re-elected	D29 Re-elected	D30 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected
Majority →									D32 Hold
KN1 Gain	FS1	FS2	V1 D Loss	V2 D Loss	D36 Gain	D35 Gain	D34 Hold	D33 Hold
V3 W Loss	V4 W Loss	V5 W Loss	W18 Gain	W17 Hold	W16 Hold	W15 Re-elected	W14	W13	W12
W2	W3	W4	W5	W6	W7	W8	W9	W10	W11
W1

D1
D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10	D11
D21	D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12
D22	D23	D24	D25	D26 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D28 Re-elected	D29 Hold	D30 Gain	D31 Gain
Majority →									D32 Gain
V2	V3	V4	V5 D Loss	V6 D Loss	V7 D Loss	V8 D Loss	V9 D Loss	D33 Gain
V1 W Loss	KN1	FS2 Gain	FS1	R3 Gain	R2 Gain	R1 Gain	W14 Hold	W13 Re-elected	W12 Re-elected
W2	W3	W4	W5	W6	W7	W8	W9	W10	W11
W1

The young Republican Party assumed its position as one of the United States's two main political parties. The Whigs and Free Soilers were gone by the time the next Congress began.

D1
D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10	D11
D21	D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12
D22	D23	D24	D25	D26 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D28 Re-elected	D29 Re-elected	D30 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected
Majority →									D32 Hold
FS1	KN1	KN2 Gain	V1 W Loss	V2	V3	V4	D34 Gain	D33 Hold
R15 Gain	R14 Re-elected Diff. party	R13 Hold	R12 Re-elected	R11 Re-elected	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
W2	W3	R1 Gain	R2 Gain	R3 Gain	R4 Gain	R5 Gain	R1	R2	R3
W1

D3	D2	D1
D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10	D11	D12	D13
D23	D22	D21	D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14
D24	D25	D26 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D28 Re-elected	D29 Re-elected	D30 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected	D32 Re-elected	D33 Hold
Majority →									D34 Hold
R24 Gain	R25 Gain	KN1	KN2	V1 D Loss	D38 Gain	D37 Gain	D36 Hold	D35 Hold
R23 Gain	R22 Gain	R21 Gain	R20 Re-elected	R19 Re-elected	R18 Re-elected	R17	R16	R15	R14
R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10	R11	R12	R13
R3	R2	R1

V3 D Loss	V2 D Loss	V1 D Loss
D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
D21	D23	D22	D24	D25 Re-elected	D26 Re-elected	D27 Hold	D28 Hold	D29 Hold	D30 Gain
Plurality ↑									KN1
R21 Re-elected	R22 Re-elected	R23 Re-elected	R24 Re-elected	R25 Hold	R26 Hold	R27 Gain	R28 Gain	R29 Gain
R20 Re-elected	R19	R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11
R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10
V4 D Loss	V5 D Loss	V6 D Loss

V4	V3	V2	V1
V5	V6	V7 No race	V8 No race	V9 No race	V10 No race	D1	D2	D3	D4
U4 Hold	U3	U2	U1	D10 Gain	D9 Hold	D8 Hold	D7 Re-elected	D6	D5
U5 Hold	UU1 Gain	R32 Gain	R31 Gain	R30 Re-elected	R29 Re-elected	R28 Hold	R27 Hold	R26 Re-elected	R25 Re-elected
Majority →
R15	R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22 Re-elected	R23 Re-elected	R24 Re-elected
R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6	R5
V16	V15	V14	V13	V12	V11	R1	R2	R3	R4
V17	V18	V19	V20

These elections, corresponding with Abraham Lincoln's re-election as president, saw the Republicans gain two seats. As these elections occurred during the Civil War, most of the Southern states were absent.

V5 Seceded	V4 Seceded	V3 Seceded	V2	V1
V6 Seceded	V7 Seceded	V8 Seceded	V9 Seceded	V10 Seceded	V11 Seceded	D1	D2	D3	D4
UU2	UU3	UU4	U1	U2	D9 Gain	D8 Hold	D7 Re-elected	D6	D5
UU1	R33 Gain	R32 Gain	R31 Re-elected new party	R30 Hold	R29 Hold	R28 Hold	R27 Re-elected	R26 Re-elected	R25 Re-elected
Majority →
R15	R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23 Re-elected	R24 Re-elected
R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6	R5
V17	V16	V15	V14	V13	V12 U Loss	R1	R2	R3	R4
V18	V19	V20	V21	V22

V6 Seceded	V5 Seceded	V4 Seceded	V3 Seceded	V2	V1
V7 Seceded	V8 Seceded	V9 Seceded	V10 Seceded	D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6
R37 Hold	R38 Gain	R39 Gain	UU1	U1	U2	D10 Gain	D9 Gain	D8	D7
R36 Hold	R35 Hold	R34 Hold	R33 Hold	R32 Hold	R31 Hold	R30 Hold	R29 Re-elected	R28 Re-elected	R17 Re-elected
Majority →
R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25 Re-elected	R26 Re-elected
R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7
V14	V13	V12	V11	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6
V15	V16	V17	V18	V19	V20

D3	D2	D1	V4 Seceded	V3 Seceded	V2 Seceded	V1
D4	D5 Hold	D6 Hold	D7 Gain	D8 Gain	D9 Gain	R57 Gain	R56 Gain	R55 Gain	R54 Hold
R44 Re-elected	R45 Re-elected	R46 Re-elected	R47 Re-elected	R48 Hold	R49 Hold	R50 Hold	R51 Hold	R52 Hold	R53 Hold
R43 Re-elected	R42 Re-elected	R41 Re-elected	R40	R39	R38	R37	R36	R35	R34
Majority →
R24	R25	R26	R27	R28	R29	R30	R31	R32	R33
R23	R22	R21	R20	R19	R18	R17	R16	R15	R14
R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10	R11	R12	R13
R3	R2	R1	V5	V6	V7	V8

D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1
D8 Hold	D9 Hold	D10 Hold	D11 Gain	D12 Gain	D13 Gain	D14 Gain	V1 D Loss	V2 R Loss	R58 Hold
R48 Re-elected	R49 Hold	R50 Hold	R51 Hold	R52 Hold	R53 Hold	R54 Hold	R55 Hold	R56 Hold	R57 Hold
R47 Re-elected	R46 Re-elected	R45 Re-elected	R44 Re-elected	R43 Re-elected	R42	R41	R40	R39	R38
Majority →									R37
R28	R29	R30	R31	R32	R33	R34	R35	R36
R27	R26	R25	R24	R23	R22	R21	R20	R19	R18
R8	R9	R10	R11	R12	R13	R14	R15	R16	R17
R7	R6	R5	R4	R3	R2	R1

D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1
D8	D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15 Hold	D16 Hold	D17 Hold
R48 Hold	R49 Hold	R50 Hold	R51 Hold	R52 Hold	R53 Hold	R54 Gain	V1 R Loss	D19 Gain	D18 Gain
R47 Hold	R46 Hold	R45 Hold	R44 Re-elected	R43 Re-elected	R42 Re-elected	R41 Re-elected	R40 Re-elected	R39 Re-elected	R38 Re-elected
Majority →									R37 Re-elected
R28	R29	R30	R31	R32	R33	R34	R35	R36
R27	R26	R25	R24	R23	R22	R21	R20	R19	R18
R8	R9	R10	R11	R12	R13	R14	R15	R16	R17
R7	R6	R5	R4	R3	R2	R1

D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1
D8	D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15 Re-elected	D16 Re-elected	D17 Hold
D27 Gain	D26 Gain	D25 Gain	D24 Gain	D23 Gain	D22 Gain	D21 Gain	D20 Gain	D19 Gain	D18 Hold
D28 Gain	AM1 Gain	V1	LR2	LR1	R42 Hold	R41 Hold	R40 Hold	R39 Hold	R38 Hold
Majority →									R37 Hold
R28	R29	R30	R31	R32	R33 Re-elected	R34 Re-elected	R35 Hold	R36 Hold
R27	R26	R25	R24	R23	R22	R21	R20	R19	R18
R8	R9	R10	R11	R12	R13	R14	R15	R16	R17
R7	R6	R5	R4	R3	R2	R1

D8	D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1
D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15	D16	D17	D18
D28 Hold	D27 Hold	D26 Hold	D25 Re-elected	D24 Re-elected	D23 Re-elected	D22 Re-elected	D21	D20	D19
D29 Hold	D30 Hold	D31 Gain	D32 Gain	D33 Gain	D34 Gain	D35 Gain	I1 Gain	AM1	R39 Hold
Majority →
R29 Re-elected	R30 Re-elected	R31 Re-elected	R32 Re-elected	R33 Re-elected	R34 Hold	R35 Hold	R36 Hold	R37 Hold	R38 Hold
R28	R27	R26	R25	R24	R23	R22	R21	R20	R19
R9	R10	R11	R12	R13	R14	R15	R16	R17	R18
R8	R7	R6	R5	R4	R3	R2	R1

D8	D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1
D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15	D16	D17	D18
D28	D27	D26	D25	D24	D23	D22	D21	D20	D19
D29 Re-elected	D30 Re-elected	D31 Hold	D32 Hold	D33 Hold	D34 Hold	D35 Hold	D36 Gain	D37 Gain	D38 Gain
Majority →									D39 Gain
R29 Hold	R30 Hold	R31 Gain	V1 R loss	AM1	I1	D42 Gain	D41 Gain	D40 Gain
R28 Hold	R27 Re-elected	R26 Re-elected	R25 Re-elected	R24 Re-elected	R23 Re-elected	R22 Re-elected	R21	R20	R19
R9	R10	R11	R12	R13	R14	R15	R16	R17	R18
R8	R7	R6	R5	R4	R3	R2	R1

D8	D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1
D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15	D16	D17	D18
D28	D27	D26	D25	D24	D23	D22	D21	D20	D19
D29 Re-elected	D30 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected	D33 Re-elected	D33 Hold	D34 Hold	D35 Hold	D36 Gain	D37 Gain	I1
Plurality ↓									RA1 Gain
R29 Hold	R30 Hold	R31 Gain	R32 Gain	R33 Gain	R34 Gain	R35 Gain	R36 Gain	R37 Gain
R28 Hold	R27 Hold	R26 Re-elected	R25 Re-elected	R24 Re-elected	R23 Re-elected	R22	R21	R20	R19
R9	R10	R11	R12	R13	R14	R15	R16	R17	R18
R8	R7	R6	R5	R4	R3	R2	R1

D8	D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1
D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15	D16	D17	D18
D28 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D26 Re-elected	D25 Re-elected	D24 Re-elected	D23	D22	D21	D20	D19
D29 Re-elected	D30 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected	D32 Re-elected	D33 Re-elected	D34 Hold	D35 Hold	D36 Gain	V1 R Loss	RA2 Gain
Majority, with Readjusters in caucus ↓									RA1
R29 Re-elected	R30 Re-elected	R31 Hold	R32 Hold	R33 Hold	R34 Hold	R35 Hold	R36 Gain	R37 Gain
R28 Re-elected	R27 Re-elected	R26	R25	R24	R23	R22	R21	R20	R19
R9	R10	R11	R12	R13	R14	R15	R16	R17	R18
R8	R7	R6	R5	R4	R3	R2	R1

D8	D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1
D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15	D16	D17	D18
D28 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D26 Re-elected	D25 Re-elected	D24 Re-elected	D23 Re-elected	D22	D21	D20	D19
D29 Re-elected	D30 Hold	D31 Hold	D32 Hold	D33 Hold	D34 Hold	V1 D Loss	V2 R Loss	V3 R Loss	RA1
Majority due to three vacancies ↓									RA2
R29 Re-elected	R30 Re-elected	R31 Re-elected	R32 Re-elected	R33 Re-elected	R34 Hold	R35 Hold	R36 Hold	R37 Gain
R28 Re-elected	R27	R26	R25	R24	R23	R22	R21	R20	R19
R9	R10	R11	R12	R13	R14	R15	R16	R17	R18
R8	R7	R6	R5	R4	R3	R2	R1

D8	D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1
D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15	D16	D17	D18
D28 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D26 Re-elected	D25	D24	D23	D22	D21	D20	D19
D29 Re-elected	D30 Hold	D31 Hold	D32 Hold	D33 Gain	D34 Gain	D35 Gain	D36 Gain	V1 D Loss	RA2
Majority due to vacancy→									R38 Gain
R29 Re-elected	R30 Re-elected	R31 Re-elected	R32 Re-elected	R33 Hold	R34 Hold	R35 Hold	R36 Hold	R37 Hold
R28 Re-elected	R27 Re-elected	R26 Re-elected	R25	R24	R23	R22	R21	R20	R19
R9	R10	R11	R12	R13	R14	R15	R16	R17	R18
R8	R7	R6	R5	R4	R3	R2	R1

These elections coincided with Benjamin Harrison's victory over incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Both parties were unchanged in the general elections, but later special elections would give Republicans an eight-seat majority, mostly from newly admitted states.

D8	D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1
D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15	D16	D17	D18
D28 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D26 Re-elected	D25 Re-elected	D24	D23	D22	D21	D20	D19
D29 Re-elected	D30 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected	D32 Re-elected	D33 Re-elected	D34 Re-elected	D35 Re-elected	D36 Re-elected	D37 Gain	V1 R Loss
Majority due to vacancy →									R38 Gain
R29 Re-elected	R30 Re-elected	R31 Re-elected	R32 Re-elected	R33 Re-elected	R39 Re-elected	R35 Hold	R36 Hold	R37 Hold
R28 Re-elected	R27 Re-elected	R26	R25	R24	R23	R22	R21	R20	R19
R9	R10	R11	R12	R13	R14	R15	R16	R17	R18
R8	R7	R6	R5	R4	R3	R2	R1

								D1	D2
D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6	D5	D4	D3
D13	D14	D15	D16	D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22
D32 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected	D30 Re-elected	D29 Re-elected	D28 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D26 Re-elected	D25	D24	D23
D33 Re-elected	D34 Hold	D35 Hold	D36 Hold	D37 Hold	D38 Gain	D39 Gain	D40 Gain	I1 Gain	P1 Gain
Majority →									R43 New seat
R33 Re-elected	R34 Re-elected	R35 Re-elected	R36 Re-elected	R37 Re-elected	R38 Re-elected	R39 Re-elected	R40 Re-elected	R41 Hold	R42 Hold
R32 Re-elected	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26	R25	R24	R23
R13	R14	R15	R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22
R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6	R5	R4	R3
								R1	R2

						D1	D2	D3	D4
D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6	D5
D15	D16	D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24
D34 Re-elected	D33 Re-elected	D32 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected	D30 Re-elected	D29	D28	D27	D26	D25
D35 Re-elected	D36 Re-elected	D37 Re-elected	D38 Hold	D39 Hold	D30 Gain	D41 Gain	D42 Gain	V1 D loss	V2 R loss
Majority with vacancies →							D43 Gain		V3 R loss
R35 Re-elected	R36 Re-elected	R37 Hold	SR1 Gain	P1	P2	P3 Gain			V4 R loss
R34 Re-elected	R33 Re-elected	R32 Re-elected	R31 Re-elected	R30 Re-elected	R29 Re-elected	R28	R27	R26	R25
R15	R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24
R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6	R5
						R1	R2	R3	R4

						D1	D2	D3	D4
D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6	D5
D15	D16	D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24
D34 Re-elected	D33 Re-elected	D32 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected	D30	D29	D28	D27	D26	D25
D35 Hold	D36 Hold	D37 Hold	D38 Hold	D39 Hold	D40 Retired	P4 Gain	P3	V4 R Loss	V1
No majority									V2
R35 Hold	R36 Hold	R37 Gain	R38 Gain	R39 Gain	SR1	P1	P2		V3
R34 Hold	R33 Hold	R32 Hold	R31 Hold	R30 Hold	R29 Re-elected	R28 Re-elected	R27 Re-elected	R26 Re-elected	R25 Re-elected
R15	R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22 Re-elected	R23 Re-elected	R24 Re-elected
R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6	R5
						R1	R2	R3	R4

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16	D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25
P3 Re-elected	P4 Hold	P5 Gain	D32 Gain	D31 Hold	D30 Hold	D29 Hold	D28 Hold	D27 Re-elected	D26 Re-elected
P2	P1	S2 Re-elected	S1	SR2 Re-elected	SR1 Gain	R46 Gain	R45 Gain	R44 Gain	V1 D Loss
Majority →									V2
R36 Re-elected	R37 Re-elected	R38 Re-elected	R39 Hold	R40 Gain	R41 Gain	R42 Gain	R43 Gain		V3 R Loss
R35 Re-elected	R34 Re-elected	R33 Re-elected	R32 Re-elected	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16	D17	D18	D19	D20 Re-elected	D21 Re-elected	D22 Re-elected	D23 Re-elected	D24 Hold	D25 Gain
R50 Gain	SR3 Re-elected	SR2	SR1	S1	S2	P1	P2	P3	P4
R49 Gain	R48 Gain	R47 Gain	R46 Gain	R45 Gain	R44 Gain	R43 Hold	V1 D Loss	V2 D Loss	V3 D Loss
Majority →
						R42 Re-elected	V6 R Loss	V5 SR Loss	V4 P Loss
R36 Re-elected	R37 Re-elected	R38 Re-elected	R39 Re-elected	R40 Re-elected	R41 Re-elected
R35 Re-elected	R34 Re-elected	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16 Re-elected	D17 Re-elected	D18 Re-elected	D19 Re-elected	D20 Re-elected	D21 Hold	D22 Hold	D23 Hold	D24 Hold	D25 Hold
SR1	S1	S2	P1	P2	P3	P4	D28 Gain	D27 Gain	D26 Gain
SR2	SR3 Gain	R48 Gain	R47 Re-elected	R46 Re-elected	R45 Re-elected	R44 Hold	R43 Re-elected	V5 D Loss	V1
Majority →								V4 R Loss	V2
R36 Re-elected	R37 Re-elected	R38 Re-elected	R39 Re-elected	R40 Re-elected	R41 Re-elected	R42 Hold			V3
R35 Re-elected	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16	D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22 Re-elected	D23 Re-elected	D24 Re-elected	D25 Hold
R54 Gain	R55 Gain	V1 D Loss	D32 Gain	D31 Gain	D30 Gain	D29 Gain	D28 Gain	D27 Hold	D26 Hold
R53 Gain	R52 Gain	R51 Hold	R50 Hold	R49 Re-elected	R48 Re-elected	R47 Re-elected	R46 Re-elected	R45 Re-elected	V2
Majority →								R44 Re-elected
R36	R37	R38 Re-elected	R29 Re-elected	R40 Re-elected	R41 Re-elected	R42 Re-elected	R43 Re-elected		V3
R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16	D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25
R53 Hold	R54 Hold	R55 Hold	R56 Gain	D31 Gain	D30 Re-elected	D29 Re-elected	D28 Re-elected	D27 Re-elected	D26
R52 Hold	R51 Hold	R50 Hold	R49 Hold	R48 Re-elected	R47 Re-elected	R46 Re-elected	R45 Re-elected	R44 Re-elected	V1 D Loss
Majority →									V2 D Loss
R36 Re-elected	R37 Re-elected	R38 Re-elected	R39 Re-elected	R40 Re-elected	R41 Re-elected	R42 Re-elected	R43 Re-elected		V3 R Loss
R35 Re-elected	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16	D17	D18	D19 Re-elected	D20 Re-elected	D21 Re-elected	D22 Re-elected	D23 Re-elected	D24 Re-elected	D25 Re-elected
R56 Hold	R57 Gain	R58 Gain	R59 Gain	R60 Gain	V1 R Loss	V2 D Loss	D28 Hold	D27 Hold	D26 Hold
R55 Hold	R54 Hold	R53 Hold	R52 Hold	R51 Re-elected	R50 Re-elected	R49 Re-elected	R48 Re-elected	R47 Re-elected	R46 Re-elected
Majority due to vacancies→									R45 Re-elected
R36	R37	R38	R39	R40	R41	R42	R43 Re-elected	R44 Re-elected
R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

				D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6
D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7
D17	D18	D19	D20 Re-elected	D21 Re-elected	D22 Re-elected	D23 Re-elected	D24 Re-elected	D25 Re-elected	D26 Re-elected
R57 Hold	R58 Hold	R59 Gain	V1 R loss	V2 D loss	D31 Gain	D30 Gain	D29 Hold	D28 Hold	D27 Hold
R56 Hold	R55 Hold	R54 Hold	R53 Re-elected	R52 Re-elected	R51 Re-elected	R50 Re-elected	R49 Re-elected	R48 Re-elected	R47 Re-elected
Majority due to vacancies→									R46 Re-elected
R37	R38	R39	R40	R41	R42	R43	R44 Re-elected	R45 Re-elected
R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27
R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26
R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7
				R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6

Although the 17th Amendment was not passed until 1913, some states elected their Senators directly before its passage. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

				D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6
D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7
D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26
D36 Gain	D35 Gain	D34 Gain	D33 Gain	D32 Hold	D31 Hold	D30 Re-elected	D29 Re-elected	D28 Re-elected	D27
D37 Gain	D38 Gain	D39 Gain	D40 Gain	V1 D Loss	V2 R Loss	R50 Hold	R49 Hold	R48 Hold	R47 Hold
Majority →									R46 Hold
R37 Re-elected	R38 Re-elected	R39 Re-elected	R40 Re-elected	R41 Re-elected	R42 Re-elected	R43 Re-elected	R44 Re-elected	R45 Re-elected
R36 Re-elected	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27
R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26
R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7
				R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38 Hold	D37 Hold	D36 Hold	D35 Re-elected	D34 Re-elected	D33 Re-elected	D32 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected	D30	D29
D39 Hold	D40 Hold	D41 Gain	D42 Gain	D43 Gain	D44 Gain	D45 Gain	D46 Gain	V1	V2 D Loss
Majority with vacancies →							D47 Gain
R39 Re-elected	R40 Hold	R41 Hold	R42 Hold	R43 Hold	R44 Gain	R45 Gain		V4 R Loss	V3 R Loss
R38 Re-elected	R37 Re-elected	R36 Re-elected	R35 Re-elected	R34 Re-elected	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

• List of elections in the United States