List of Western Bloc defectors

This is an incomplete list of Western Bloc intelligence agents, military personnel, scientists, politicians, diplomats, and other prominent people who defected to the Eastern Bloc or non-aligned countries during the Cold War and after.

Defections before 1991

[edit]
Defector Profession/Prominence Country of origin Year of defection Country of defection
Erwin Borchers French Foreign Legion Germany/France 1945 Viet Minh[1]
Ernst Frey French Foreign Legion Austria/France 1945 Viet Minh[2]
Siegfried Wenzel French Foreign Legion Germany/France 1945 Viet Minh[3]
Kostas Sarantidis French Foreign Legion Greece/France 1946 Viet Minh[4]
Stefan Kubiak French Foreign Legion Poland/France 1946 Viet Minh[5]
Park Si-hyeong Historian South Korea (U.S. Occupation Zone) 1946 North Korea (Soviet Occupation Zone)[6]
Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler BBC journalist West Germany (British Occupation Zone) 1947 East Germany (Soviet Occupation Zone)[7]
Emil Selhofer French Foreign Legion Switzerland/France 1947 Viet Minh[8]
George Shaw Wheeler Foreign Economic Administration economist United States 1947 Czechoslovakia
Annabelle Bucar United States State Department United States 1948 Soviet Union[9]
Hong Myong-hui Writer South Korea 1948 North Korea[10]
Kang Tae-mu Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1948 North Korea[11]
Kim Sun-nam Composer South Korea 1948 North Korea[12]
George Koval Atomic spy United States 1948 Soviet Union
James McMillin United States Army cryptographer United States 1948 Soviet Union
Pyo Mu-won Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1948 North Korea[11]
Albert Clavier French Army France 1949 Viet Minh
Robert Dagleish Foreign Office United Kingdom 1949 Soviet Union[13]
Gerhart Eisler Journalist United States 1949 East Germany
Noel Field United States State Department United States 1949 Czechoslovakia
Archibald Johnstone Journalist United Kingdom 1949 Soviet Union[13]
James Stuart British Army United Kingdom 1949 East Germany[14]
Miroslav Surý French Foreign Legion Czechoslovakia/France 1949 Viet Minh[15]
František Vaňhara French Foreign Legion Czechoslovakia/France 1949 Viet Minh[15]
David Young Royal Navy United Kingdom 1949 China[16]
Leopold Infeld University of Toronto physicist Canada 1950 Poland
Ian Milner United Nations diplomat Australia 1950 Czechoslovakia[17]
Ján Poláček French Foreign Legion Czechoslovakia/France 1950 Viet Minh[15]
Bruno Pontecorvo Atomic physicist Italy/United Kingdom 1950 Soviet Union (via Finland)
John Peet Reuters correspondent United Kingdom 1950 East Germany
Nâzım Hikmet Ran Poet Turkey 1950 Soviet Union
Ri Sung-gi Seoul National University chemistry professor South Korea 1950 North Korea
Arna Rides British Council medical adviser United Kingdom 1950 Czechoslovakia[18]
Josef Zvoník French Foreign Legion Czechoslovakia/France 1950 Viet Minh[15]
Guy Burgess Foreign Office/MI5 United Kingdom 1951 Soviet Union
Donald Maclean Foreign Office United Kingdom 1951 Soviet Union
Alfred Sarant Military engineer/Atomic spy United States 1951 Poland, then the Soviet Union
Joel Barr Military engineer/Atomic spy United States 1951 Czechoslovakia, then the Soviet Union
Margaret Schlauch New York University English professor United States 1951 Poland[19]
Weng Wenhao Geologist and Kuomintang politician Taiwan 1951 China[20]
Heiner Braun Track athlete (5000 metres) West Germany 1952 East Germany[21]
Stefan Heym United States Army/Writer United States 1952 Czechoslovakia, then East Germany
Günther Gereke Christian Democratic Union politician West Germany 1952 East Germany[22]
Victor Grossman United States Army United States 1952 East Germany[23]
Kug Yong-am Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1952 North Korea[24]
Charles Lucas United States Army United States 1952 East Germany[25][26]
Aubrey E. Miles United States Army United States 1952 East Germany[27]
Wolfgang Gans zu Putlitz MI5 United Kingdom 1952 East Germany[28]
Miloud Salhi French Army France 1952 Viet Minh[29]
Clarence Adams United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Howard Gayle Adams United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Albert Constant Belhomme United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Otto Grayson Bell United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Arthur Boyd United States Army United States 1953 East Germany[31]
Andrew Condron Royal Marines United Kingdom 1953 China[32]
Richard G. Corden United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
William Cowart United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
W. Glancy British Army United Kingdom 1953 East Germany[33]
Rufus Douglas United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
John Roedel Dunn United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Andrew Fortuna United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Hans Joachim Geyer Gehlen Organization West Germany 1953 East Germany[34]
Lewis Griggs United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Samuel David Hawkins United States Army United States 1953 China
Wolfgang Höher Gehlen Organization West Germany 1953 East Germany[35]
R. Irvine British Army United Kingdom 1953 East Germany[33]
Kim Sung-bai Republic of Korea Air Force South Korea 1953 North Korea[36]
S. Lewes British Army United Kingdom 1953 East Germany[33]
Norman M. Lowell United States Army United States 1953 East Germany[37]
R. W. Luwman Royal Netherlands Army Netherlands 1953 East Germany[38]
Clifford F. Murphy United States Army United States 1953 East Germany[39]
Arlie Pate United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Scott Rush United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Lowell Skinner United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Larance Sullivan United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Richard Tenneson United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
James Veneris United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Harold Webb United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
R. Wanroy Royal Netherlands Army Netherlands 1953 East Germany[38]
William White United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Morris Wills United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Aaron Wilson United States Army United States 1953 China[30]
Stanislaw Zdanowski United States Army United States 1953 Poland[40]
William Donal Adkins United States Army United States 1954 Soviet Union[41]
Choi Man-chong Republic of Korea Air Force South Korea 1954 North Korea[42]
Joseph Cort Doctor of Medicine and University of Birmingham physiology lecturer United States 1954 Czechoslovakia[43]
James Davis United States Army United States 1954 Czechoslovakia[44]
Bruno Folta Radio announcer West Germany 1954 Czechoslovakia[45]
Raymond H. Hutto United States Army United States 1954 East Germany[46]
Otto John Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West Germany 1954 East Germany
Karl Franz Schmidt-Wittmack Bundestag deputy and Christian Democratic Union politician West Germany 1954 East Germany[47]
Richard Squires British Army United Kingdom 1954 Soviet Union[48]
William Turner United States Army United States 1954 Soviet Union[49]
Ralph Bernard Frederick Cross Canadian Army Canada 1955 East Germany[50]
James W. Pulley United States Army United States 1955 East Germany[46]
Manfred von Brauchitsch Racing driver West Germany 1955 East Germany
Ho Wei-Chin Republic of China Air Force Taiwan 1955 China[51]
B. F. Holland United States Army United States 1955 East Germany[52]
Horst Spanier United States Army United States 1955 East Germany[53]
Wei Li-Huang Republic of China Army Taiwan 1955 China[54]
Hung Chin-Shan Republic of China Military Police Taiwan 1955 China[55]
Henri Maillot French Army France 1956 Algerian National Liberation Front
Wolf-Dieter Loebl Bundeswehr West Germany 1956 East Germany[56]
Orest Stephen Makar Photogrammetrist and Saint Louis University engineering associate professor United States 1956 Soviet Union[57]
Anthony Wraight Royal Air Force United Kingdom 1956 Soviet Union[58]
Augustin Cabrera Oroza Spanish Navy Spain 1957 Mexico[59]
Manuel Fernandez Rodriguez Spanish Navy Spain 1957 Mexico[59]
Ginas Jiminez Nortes Spanish Navy Spain 1957 Mexico[59]
Enrique Medina Fernandez Spanish Navy Spain 1957 Mexico[59]
Jürgen Mickeleit Bundeswehr West Germany 1957 East Germany[60]
Victor Rodriguez Spanish Navy Spain 1957 Mexico[59]
Alfred Kaufman Stern Philanthropist United States 1957 Czechoslovakia
Martha Dodd Stern Philanthropist United States 1957 Czechoslovakia
Ernie Fletcher United States Army United States 1959 East Germany[61]
Klaus Fuchs Atomic spy United Kingdom 1959 Exchanged to East Germany
Ho Ye-Chen Republic of China Army Taiwan 1959 China[62]
Arnold Kephart United States Army United States 1959 East Germany[63]
Billy Mullis United States Army United States 1959 East Germany[64]
Lee Harvey Oswald United States Marine Corps United States 1959 Soviet Union via Finland, rejected from Cuba
Libero Ricciardelli United States Air Force United States 1959 Soviet Union[65]
Franz Julius Schröder Christian Democratic Union aide West Germany 1959 East Germany[66]
Arthur Wegner University of Münster law professor West Germany 1959 East Germany[67]
John B. Witt United States Army United States 1959 Czechoslovakia[68]
Franz Böttger Bundeswehr West Germany 1960 East Germany[69]
Guy Bouchard Canadian Army Canada 1960 East Germany[70]
Horst Braun Bundesluftwaffe West Germany 1960 East Germany[69]
Bruce Davis United States Army United States 1960 Soviet Union[49]
Joseph Dutkanicz United States Army Military Intelligence United States 1960 Soviet Union
Richard Gromek Bundeswehr West Germany 1960 East Germany[71]
Gilbert Paul Jenkerson British Army United Kingdom 1960 East Germany[72]
Bernon F. Mitchell National Security Agency United States 1960 Soviet Union[73]
William H. Martin National Security Agency United States 1960 Soviet Union[73]
Peter Petrich Bundeswehr West Germany 1960 East Germany[71]
Serafin Sanchez United States Air Force United States 1960 Cuba[74]
Paul Schlüter Social Democratic Party of Germany politician West Germany 1960 East Germany[75]
Vladimir Sloboda United States Army Military Intelligence United States 1960 Soviet Union[76]
John Strobl Canadian Army Canada 1960 East Germany[77]
Horst Tuschla Bundeswehr West Germany 1960 East Germany[69]
Otto Weissenberger Cartographer West Germany 1960 East Germany[78]
Walter Barth Bundeswehr West Germany 1961 East Germany[79]
Walter Hagemann Christian Democratic Union politician and University of Münster journalism professor West Germany 1961 East Germany[80]
K. H. Falk Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West Germany 1961 East Germany[81]
Fernando Ganhao Portuguese Army Portugal 1961 Mozambique Liberation Front[82]
Ollie Harrington Cartoonist United States 1961 East Germany
Junge family University of Washington scientists United States 1961 Czechoslovakia[83]
Winfried Krychowski Bundeswehr West Germany 1961 East Germany[79]
Mohamed Lamari French Army France 1961 Algerian National Liberation Front
Wolfgang Objeglo Bundeswehr West Germany 1961 East Germany[79]
Mário Moutinho de Pádua Portuguese Army Portugal 1961 Congo-Léopoldville[84]
Larry Allen Abshier United States Army United States 1962 North Korea
Wilfried Alsguth Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Herbert Böhmer Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Heinz-Dieter Brehning Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
James Joseph Dresnok United States Army United States 1962 North Korea
Günther Fischer Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Heinrich Frank Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
R. S. Hareld United States Army United States 1962 Czechoslovakia[86]
Guntram Hoffmann Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Rudolf Abel Atomic spy United States 1962 Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Bobby Joe Keesee United States Army United States 1962 Cuba[87]
Henry Kiernan United States Army United States 1962 East Germany[88]
Albert Kostede Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Richard Lang Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
David Michael Engineer United States 1962 Cuba[89]
Erwin Miran Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Nguyen Van Cu Republic of Vietnam Air Force South Vietnam 1962 Cambodia[90]
Klaus Reichardt Bundesluftwaffe West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Willi Salzmann Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Peter-Joseph Schödder Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Manfred Schüssler Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Horst Pilger Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Peter Pitzen Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Bodo Ratzinger Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Dieter Schmutzler Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Otto Schwarz Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Ronald Stanley British Army United Kingdom 1962 East Germany[91]
Jürgen Steinigtweg Bundesmarine Marineflieger West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Robert Stuckhaus Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Wolfgang Vogt Bundesluftwaffe West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Berthold Wizien Bundeswehr West Germany 1962 East Germany[85]
Thomas Badey United States Army United States 1963 East Germany[92]
Frank Barton United States Army United States 1963 East Germany[93]
Richard Bourret Physicist United States 1963 Cuba[94]
Benjamin Cain United States Army United States 1963 East Germany[95]
Klaus Chepelier Bundeswehr West Germany 1963 East Germany[96]
Victor Norris Hamilton National Security Agency United States 1963 Soviet Union
Reymond Herzet Belgian Army Belgium 1963 East Germany[97]
Gary Martzke United States Army United States 1963 East Germany[98]
Roberto "Robert" Ramos Michelena United States Air Force United States 1963 Cuba[99]
James Carl Moore United States Army United States 1963 East Germany[100]
Heinrich James Newton United States Army United States 1963 East Germany[101]
Jerry Wayne Parrish United States Army United States 1963 North Korea
Brian Patchett British Army United Kingdom 1963 East Germany[102]
Christopher John Pengate British Army United Kingdom 1963 East Germany[103]
Kim Philby MI6 United Kingdom 1963 Soviet Union
Alfred Svenson United States Army United States 1963 East Germany[104]
Willard E. Valentini United States Army United States 1963 East Germany[105]
Jacinto Veloso Portuguese Air Force Portugal 1963 Mozambique Liberation Front[106]
Chan Chueh Olympic Games official Taiwan 1964 China[107]
Cheng Yi-Ming Intelligence Bureau Taiwan 1964 China[108]
Li Fung-ryong Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1964 North Korea[109]
Theo van Eijck Marine-Luchtvaartdienst Netherlands 1964 Libya[110]
Anatoly P. Kotloby Rocket scientist United States 1964 Soviet Union[111]
Ma Ching-Shan Olympic sharpshooter Taiwan 1964 China[112]
Claude Swain United States Army United States 1964 East Germany[113]
Zhao Zongli Republic of China Navy Taiwan 1964 China[114]
Bui Van Trach Republic of Vietnam Air Force South Vietnam 1965 Cambodia[115]
Chan Chen-Chin Republic of China Army Taiwan 1965 China[116]
Chen Li Intelligence Bureau Taiwan 1965 China[117]
Alfred Frenzel Social Democratic Party of Germany politician West Germany 1965 Exchanged to Czechoslovakia
Hua Tsu-Hsin Diplomat Taiwan 1965 China[118]
Charles Robert Jenkins United States Army United States 1965 North Korea
Glen Roy Rohrer United States Army Military Intelligence United States 1965 Czechoslovakia
Ana Maria Silva Pais Daughter of PIDE Director Fernando Silva Portugal 1965 Cuba[119]
Li Zongren Former Kuomintang politician, vice president, and acting president of China United States 1965 China[120]
Nguyen Chi Canh Huế police chief South Vietnam 1965 North Vietnam[121]
Stephen Biggs British Army United Kingdom 1965 East Germany[122]
Harold M. Koch Roman Catholic priest United States 1966 Soviet Union[123]
John Discoe Smith United States State Department United States 1966 Soviet Union[124][125]
Nguyen Duch Hien Republic of Vietnam Air Force South Vietnam 1966 Cambodia[126]
Craig Anderson United States Navy United States 1967 Sweden[127]
Richard Bailey United States Navy United States 1967 Sweden[127] via Japan[128]
John Barilla United States Navy United States 1967 Sweden[127]
George Blake MI6 United Kingdom 1967 Soviet Union
Lorenzo Brown United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Costa Calfelis Journalist Greece 1967 Switzerland[129]
Des Carragher United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Jerry Condon United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Jerry Dass Green Beret SFOD B, S-5 United States c. 1967 Sweden[130][131]
Jimmy Dotson United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
John Forler United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Kenneth C. Griggs United States Army United States 1967 Cuba[132]
Bob Janson United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Roy Ray Jones United States Army United States 1967 Sweden[133]
Walter Harshall United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Tom Hayes United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden, later managed Clergy & Layman Concerned
Roger Hinchliffe United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Dick Kilmer United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Steve Kinneman United States Army United States 1967 Sweden[134] via Thailand, and Laos[128]
Michael Lindner United States Navy United States 1967 Sweden[127]
William Males United States Army United States c. 1967 Sweden[128]
McKinley Nolan United States Army United States 1967 North Vietnam[135]
Henry Nordby United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Rich Pauley United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Richard Harwood Pearce United States Army United States 1967 Cuba[136]
Irving Rubin United States Army United States c. 1967 Sweden[128]
Arnold Schölzel Bundeswehr West Germany 1967 East Germany
David Smith United States Army United States 1967 Sweden[128]
Joe Stewart United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Tseng Chao-Ping Republic of China Air Force Taiwan 1967 China[137]
Herbert Washington United States Army United States c. 1967 Sweden[128]
Ted Weisberg United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Terry Whitmore United States military United States c. 1967 Sweden
Robert Argento United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[138]
Edwin Arnett United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[139]
John Ashley United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[138]
Samuel Brown United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[140]
Gerald Burger United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[140]
Robert Burroughs United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[138]
Robert Carroll United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[140]
Kenneth Cooper United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[140]
Erwin Foster United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[138]
David Haire United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[141]
Rodney Huth United States Marine Corps United States 1968 Sweden[140]
Edward Johnson United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[141]
William Jones United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[138]
Bruce Mayor Draft evader United States 1968 Sweden[128]
Richard Lee McKinney United States Marine Corps United States 1968 Sweden[142]
Peter Moebius Physicist West Germany 1968 East Germany[143]
Justin Olson United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[138]
Herbert Patzelt European Atomic Energy Community aide West Germany 1968 East Germany[143]
William Percell United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[141]
Ehrenfried Petras Microbiologist West Germany 1968 East Germany[144]
Bruce Proctor Former Defense Intelligence Agency analyst United States 1968 Sweden[145]
Richard Lee Propp United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[138]
David Roman United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[140]
Raymond Sansiviero United States Marine Corps United States 1968 Sweden[146]
Parker Smith United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[138]
Vincent Strollo United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[140]
Richard Tannimura United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[140]
Gregory Vitarelle United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[140]
Mark Warrell United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[140]
Eugene Westbrooks United States Army United States 1968 Sweden[140]
J. W. Wright United States Air Force United States 1968 Soviet Union[147]
William Lee Brent Black Panther Party activist United States 1969 Cuba
Irvin Leon Butler United States Navy United States 1969 Sweden[148]
Lona Cohen Atomic spy United States 1969 Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Morris Cohen Atomic spy United States 1969 Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Jerry Bhagwan Dass United States Army United States 1969 Sweden[149]
Robert Edward Dostlik United States Marine Corps United States 1969 Cuba[150]
Heinz Felfe Bundesnachrichtendienst West Germany 1969 Exchanged to East Germany
Olaf Foertsch Bundeswehr West Germany 1969 East Germany[151]
Ludwig Gummert Bundeswehr West Germany 1969 East Germany[152]
Thomas Kavanaugh United States Army United States 1969 East Germany[153]
Hans-Joachim Kruse Bundeswehr West Germany 1969 East Germany[154]
Robert Kündiger Bundesmarine West Germany 1969 East Germany[155]
John Lowney United States Marine Corps United States 1969 North Vietnam[156]
Vassilios Tsironis Doctor of Medicine Greece 1969 Albania[157]
Jim Walch United States Army United States 1969 Sweden[128]
Zhou Zhende Republic of China Army Taiwan 1969 China[158]
Kimihuro Uomoto Japanese Red Army Japan 1970 North Korea
Kimiko Fukudome Japanese Red Army Japan 1970 North Korea
Kintaro Yoshida Japanese Red Army Japan 1970 North Korea
Moriaki Wakabayashi Japanese Red Army Japan 1970 North Korea
Shirō Akagi Japanese Red Army Japan 1970 North Korea
Takahiro Konishi Japanese Red Army Japan 1970 North Korea
Takamaro Tamiya Japanese Red Army Japan 1970 North Korea
Takeshi Okamoto Japanese Red Army Japan 1970 North Korea
Yasuhiro Shibata Japanese Red Army Japan 1970 North Korea
Alvin Glatkowski United States Merchant Marine United States 1970 Attempted defection to Cambodia
Clyde McKay United States Merchant Marine United States 1970 Attempted defection to Cambodia
Marc Carbonneau Front de libération du Québec Canada 1970 Cuba
Jacques Cossette-Trudel Front de libération du Québec Canada 1970 Cuba
Yves Langlois Front de libération du Québec Canada 1970 Cuba
Larry Humphrey United States Army United States 1970 Cambodia[159]
Mihalis Maniadakis Royal Hellenic Air Force Greece 1970 Soviet Union[160]
Chang Shuang-Chao Ministry of Finance aide Taiwan 1971 China[161]
Sun Chi-Chou Diplomat Taiwan 1971 China[162]
Michael Deberry United States Army United States 1971 Sweden[128]
Tom Horne Green Beret United States c. 1971 Sweden[163]
Ernest Hunter United States Air Force United States c. 1971 Sweden[164]
Hans-Dieter Reinkensmeier German Army Aviation Corps West Germany 1971 East Germany[165]
Harold Hill Rolls-Royce Limited engineer United Kingdom 1971 Soviet Union[166]
Esteban Llana United States Air Force United States 1971 Panama[167]
Jaime Morais Portuguese Army Portugal 1971 Sweden[168]
Bernard Pryer United States Army United States 1971 Panama[167]
John R. Vequist United States Army United States 1971 Sweden[169]
Tobey Wagner United States Army United States 1971 Panama[167]
Kevin Cadwallader British Army United Kingdom 1972 Sweden[170]
Ngo Cong Duc Journalist South Vietnam 1972 Sweden[171]
Pham Van Dinh Army of the Republic of Vietnam South Vietnam 1972 North Vietnam[166]
Sung Wei-Pi Former diplomat Taiwan 1973 People's Republic of China[172]
Gerard Burns British Army United Kingdom 1974 Ireland[173]
Nguyen Thanh Trung Republic of Vietnam Air Force South Vietnam 1975 North Vietnam[174]
Jürgen Schneider Bundeswehr West Germany 1976 East Germany[175]
Bong Ju Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1977 North Korea[176]
William Joseph Black United States Army United States 1977 Czechoslovakia[177]
Yu Un-hak Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1977 North Korea[176]
Robert Thompson United States Air Force United States 1978 Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Erhard Mueller Bundesmarine aviation wing West Germany 1978 East Germany[178]
Li Jun-gwang Republic of Korea Army military intelligence South Korea 1978 North Korea[179]
Roy Chung United States Army United States 1979 East Germany, then to North Korea
Ursel Lorenzen NATO aide West Germany 1979 East Germany[180]
Christel Broszey Christian Democratic Union aide West Germany 1979 East Germany[181]
Inge Goliath Christian Democratic Union aide West Germany 1979 East Germany[181]
Helga Roediger Federal Ministry of Finance West Germany 1979 East Germany[182]
Alexander Lambert Bureau of State Security South Africa 1979 Sweden[183]
Justin Lin Republic of China Army Taiwan 1979 China
Friedrich Tomberg Pädagogische Hochschule philosophy professor West Germany 1979 East Germany[184]
Kim Ryong-jin Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1979 North Korea[185]
Imelda Verrept NATO aide Belgium 1980 East Germany[186]
Günter Guillaume Aide to the West German Chancellor West Germany 1981 Exchanged to East Germany
Frank Terpil Central Intelligence Agency United States 1981 Libya, then to Cuba[187]
Huang Zhicheng Republic of China Air Force Taiwan 1981 China[188]
Ma Bi Kuomintang adviser Taiwan 1981 China[189]
Robert Vesco Financier United States 1982 Cuba
Joseph T. White United States Army United States 1982 North Korea
Gerhard G. Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West Germany 1982 East Germany[190]
Gerald Andreas Eckert South African Army South Africa 1983 Mozambique[191]
Li Dawei Republic of China Air Force Taiwan 1983 China[192]
Mun Sang-chol Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1983 North Korea[193]
Alessio Casimirri Red Brigades Italy 1983 Nicaragua
Nam Mccurdy Writer United States 1983 Nicaragua
Assata Shakur Black Panther Party activist United States 1984 Cuba
Xie Yuchen Film director Taiwan 1984 China[195]
Zhang Jinfeng Film producer Taiwan 1984 China[195]
Hans Tiedge Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West Germany 1985 East Germany
Jeffrey Carney United States Air Force United States 1985 East Germany
Ra Il-ryong Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1985 North Korea[196]
Edward Lee Howard Central Intelligence Agency United States 1985 Soviet Union
Sonja Luenberg Aide to the Federal Minister of the Economy Martin Bangemann West Germany 1985 East Germany[197]
Herta-Astrid Willner Aide to the West German Chancellor West Germany 1985 East Germany[198]
Herbert Willner Defence analyst West Germany 1985 East Germany[198]
Rudolf Alken University of Mainz researcher West Germany 1985 East Germany[199]
Karl Koecher Central Intelligence Agency United States 1986 Exchanged to Czechoslovakia
Hugo Almeida United States Army United States 1986 Cuba
Glenn Michael Souther United States Navy United States 1986 Soviet Union
Arnold Lockshin Biochemist United States 1986 Soviet Union
Wang Xijue Airline pilot Taiwan 1986 China[200]
Wade E. Roberts United States Army United States 1987 Soviet Union[201][202]
Stig Bergling Swedish Security Service Sweden 1987 Soviet Union via Finland[203]
Theodore Branch Radio announcer United States 1987 Soviet Union[204]
Choe Deok-sin Former South Korean diplomat and foreign minister United States 1987 North Korea
Song Chang-gu United States Army aide South Korea 1988 North Korea[205]
Lin Xianshun Republic of China Air Force Taiwan 1989 China[206]
Michael Peri United States Army United States 1989 East Germany

Defections after 1991

[edit]
Defector Profession/Prominence Country of origin Year of defection Country of defection
Maurizio Gelli Businessman Italy 2009 Nicaragua
Edward Snowden National Security Agency contractor United States 2013 Russia
Choe In-guk South Korean citizen South Korea 2019 North Korea
Evan Neumann Trumpist militant United States 2022 Belarus
Emil Czeczko Polish Land Forces Poland 2021 Belarus[207]
Travis King United States Army United States 2023 North Korea[208][209]
Tara Reade Former Congressional aide United States 2023 Russia[210]
Wilmer Puello-Mota Former Holyoke, Massachusetts city councillor and former Massachusetts Air National Guard airman United States 2024 Russia[211]
Tomasz Szmydt Judge Poland 2024 Belarus[212]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Ernst Frey - Bücher". Perlentaucher Das Kulturmagazin (in German). Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  3. ^ Thế Tào, Hoàng (27 December 2012). "Phi công "ngoại" đầu tiên của không quân Việt Nam" [The First "Foreign" Pilot of the Vietnam Air Force]. Người đưa tin (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  4. ^ Makris, A (20 October 2012). "Sarantidis: The Greek Who Fought in Vietnam". Greek Reporter. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
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  9. ^ "American Woman Quits Embassy Job in Moscow". St. Petersburg Times. 28 February 1948. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  10. ^ Gause, K.E. (2011). North Korea under Kim Chong-il: Power, Politics, and Prospects for Change: Power, Politics, and Prospects for Change. ABC-CLIO. p. 45. ISBN 9780313381768. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  11. ^ a b Edwards, P.M. (2006). Korean War Almanac. Facts On File, Incorporated. p. 28. ISBN 9780816074679. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  12. ^ Kim, H.; Arizona State University (2009). National Consciousness in Korean Art Songs: Selected Six Composers. Arizona State University. p. 25. ISBN 9781109179545. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  13. ^ a b "The Press: No Sale". Time. 18 September 1950. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011.
  14. ^ "Scot "Quite Happy" In Soviet Zone". The Glasgow Herald. 28 October 1949. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  15. ^ a b c d (in Czech) Kudrna, Ladislav. Indočína – největší bojiště čechoslováků od skončení druhé světové války (Indochina: The Czechoslovaks' Largest Battlefield Since the End of World War II). Valka.cz 23 March 2011.
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  17. ^ Lenihan, Denis (11 June 2008). "Was Ian Milner a Spy? A Review of the Evidence". New Zealand Notes & Queries: 1–18. doi:10.26686/knznq.v0i0.785.
  18. ^ "The Milwaukee Journal - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved 12 March 2015.
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