List of black-and-white films produced since 1966

American film and television studios terminated production of black-and-white output in 1966 and, during the following two years, the rest of the world followed suit. At the start of the 1960s, transition to color proceeded slowly, with major studios continuing to release black-and-white films through 1965 and into 1966. Among the five Best Picture nominees at the 33rd Academy Awards in April 1961, two — Sons and Lovers and the winner, The Apartment, were black-and white. Two of the nominees in 1962 — The Hustler and Judgment at Nuremberg, were likewise black-and white. The pattern continued into 1963, with The Longest Day and To Kill a Mockingbird, into 1964, with America America and Lilies of the Field and into 1965, with Dr. Strangelove and Zorba the Greek.

At the 38th Academy Awards, held on April 18, 1966, the Best Picture winner (The Sound of Music) and one other nominee (Doctor Zhivago) were in color, but the remaining three nominees (Darling, Ship of Fools and A Thousand Clowns) were in black-and-white. However, at the 39th Academy Awards, held on April 10, 1967, the winner (A Man for All Seasons) and three other nominees (Alfie, The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming and The Sand Pebbles) were in color and only one nominee (Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?) was in black-and-white.

By the 40th Academy Awards, held on April 10, 1968, not only were the winner (In the Heat of the Night) and all four of the other nominees (Bonnie and Clyde, Doctor Dolittle, The Graduate and Guess Who's Coming to Dinner) in color but, because studios were no longer producing black-and-white films, the awards for Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design were merged into single categories rather than having a distinction between color and monochrome.[1]

Transition

[edit]

The transition to color started in earnest when NBC announced in May 1963 that a large majority of its 1964–65 TV season would be in color.[2] By late September 1964, the move to potential all-color programming was being seen as successful[3] and, on March 8, 1965, NBC confirmed that its 1965–66 season will be almost entirely in color.[4] Three months later, on June 17, CBS, which had been limiting its color programming to only occasional specials, sent out a bulletin that it was preparing to broadcast at least 50 percent of its 1965–66 primetime programming in color.[5][6]

The move of American TV to color reached its final phase in February 1966 when the third network, ABC, announced plans for its 1966–67 season to be almost entirely in color.[7] Since the premiere of NBC Saturday Night at the Movies in September 1961, post-1948 major studio feature films gained a dominant foothold in primetime American TV and, by the mid-1960s, feature films were being broadcast by all three networks in prime time on a nearly-daily basis. Although many of those films were in black-and-white, the ones that were presented in color on NBC, had been singled out for special promotion as "broadcast in living color".

In the aftermath of ABC's announcement, studios quickly surmised that only the color features in their film library will have TV broadcast value and stopped production of black-and-white films. Other than a very small number of major films that the studios were willing to publicize — The Fortune Cookie, Is Paris Burning?, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? — completed or nearly completed black-and-white features were put into perfunctory release, but features that had been only partially completed were halted and ordered to restart in color. A similar situation had occurred 37 years earlier, in 1929, when studios stopped production on mid-completion silent films and ordered the addition of dialogue.[8]

Since the 1970s, fiction feature films around the world have been filmed almost exclusively in color. Some films after the transition to color are occasionally presented in black-and-white for budgetary or stylistic reasons. This is a list of notable feature films made after the 1960s that have a significant amount of their running time in black-and-white or monochrome/sepia tone. Many modern black-and-white films are shot in color and converted in post-production.[9][10]

Black-and-white films

[edit]

Note: This list does not include short films, documentaries, or films with less than 50% black-and-white footage.

1966–1969

[edit]
Film Year Exclusively B/W
Au hasard Balthazar 1966 Yes
The Battle of Algiers 1966 Yes
Blood Bath 1966 Yes
Chelsea Girls 1966 Yes
Don't Worry, We'll Think of a Title 1966 Yes
The Fortune Cookie 1966 Yes
Is Paris Burning? 1966 Yes
Chimes at Midnight 1966 Yes
Andrei Rublev 1966 No
Kid Rodelo 1966 Yes
Lord Love a Duck 1966 Yes
A Man Called Adam 1966 Yes
Mister Buddwing 1966 Yes
Red Zone Cuba 1966 Yes
Seconds 1966 Yes
A Man and a Woman 1966 No
The Three Sisters 1966 Yes
The Undertaker and His Pals 1966 No
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 1966 Yes
Alice in Wonderland 1966 Yes
The Christmas Tree 1966 Yes
Cul-de-sac 1966 Yes
Daisies 1966 No
Don't Let It Get You 1966 Yes
Eye of the Devil 1966 Yes
Georgy Girl 1966 Yes
I Was Happy Here 1966 Yes
The Idol 1966 Yes
Mademoiselle 1966 Yes
Morgan – A Suitable Case for Treatment 1966 Yes
Naked Evil 1966 Yes
Who Killed the Cat? 1966 Yes
The Girl with the Hungry Eyes 1967 Yes
In Cold Blood 1967 Yes
The Incident 1967 Yes
Who's That Knocking at My Door 1967 Yes
Cuckoo Patrol 1967 Yes
Mouchette 1967 Yes
The Sailor from Gibraltar 1967 Yes
Ulysses 1967 No
Bedazzled 1967 No
The Vulture 1967 Yes
Warrendale (film) 1967 Yes
The Whisperers 1967 Yes
The White Bus 1967 No
Beyond the Law 1968 Yes
Confessions of a Psycho Cat 1968 Yes
Faces 1968 Yes
Night of the Living Dead 1968 Yes
Wild 90 1968 Yes
The Birthday Party 1968 No
Moss on the Stones 1968 No
The Committee 1968 Yes
Inadmissible Evidence 1968 Yes
Tell Me Lies 1968 Yes
Out of It 1969 Yes
If.... 1969 No
Putney Swope 1969 No
Everything for Sale 1969 No
The Wedding Party 1969 Yes
Bronco Bullfrog 1969 Yes
Mondo Trasho 1969 Yes
The Graduation 1969 Yes
The Cremator 1969 Yes

1970s

[edit]
Film Year Exclusively B/W
Evil Spirits of Japan 1970 Yes
The Man Who Left His Will on Film 1970 Yes
The Honeymoon Killers 1970 Yes
Blood Thirst 1971 Yes
Heroic Purgatory 1970 Yes
Live Today, Die Tomorrow! 1970 Yes
Awakening of the Beast 1970 No
The American Soldier 1970 Yes
Gods of the Plague 1970 Yes
Quiet Days in Clichy 1970 Yes
The Wild Child 1970 Yes
How I Unleashed World War II 1970 Yes
Summer in the City 1970 Yes
Mive-ye gonah 1970 Yes
Even Dwarfs Started Small 1970 Yes
Multiple Maniacs 1970 Yes
This Transient Life 1970 Yes
Wow 1970 No
Demons 1971 Yes
Emperor Tomato Ketchup 1971 Yes
Johnny Got His Gun 1971 No
The Salamander 1971 Yes
Love 1971 Yes
Uma Abelha na Chuva 1971 Yes
Hydrozagadka 1971 Yes
The Last Picture Show 1971 Yes
The Morning Schedule 1972 No
Nathalie Granger 1972 Yes
Savages 1972 No
The Goat Horn 1972 Yes
Tomorrow 1972 Yes
The Stone Wedding 1972 Yes
The Mother and the Whore 1973 Yes
You Are Warm, You Are Warm (Tu brûles... tu brûles...) 1973 Yes
Noël et Juliette 1973 Yes
Coup d'Etat 1973 Yes
Paper Moon 1973 Yes
Vase de Noces 1974 Yes
The Man Who Sleeps 1974 Yes
Duhul aurului 1974 Yes
Young Frankenstein 1974 Yes
Je, tu, il, elle 1974 Yes
Il tempo dell'inizio 1974 Yes
Lenny 1974 Yes
Uttarayanam 1974 Yes
Effi Briest 1974 Yes
The Traveller 1974 Yes
Alice in the Cities 1974 Yes
The Noah 1975 Yes
Thundercrack! 1975 Yes
Örökbefogadás 1975 Yes
C'eravamo tanto amati 1975 No
La fille du garde-barrière 1975 Yes
Pastoral: To Die in the Country 1975 No
Hester Street 1975 Yes
Overlord 1975 Yes
Seasons of the Year 1975 Yes
Under the Pavement Lies the Strand 1975 Yes
Evrydiki BA 2O37 1975 Yes
Mirror 1975 No
Coup de Grâce 1976 Yes
Kings of the Road 1976 Yes
Allegro Non Troppo 1976 No
Agraharathil Kazhutai 1977 Yes
The Ascent 1977 Yes
The Consequence 1977 Yes
Hot Tomorrows 1977 Yes
Eraserhead 1977 Yes
Hitler: A Film from Germany 1977 No
Northern Lights 1978 Yes
The Whole Shootin' Match 1978 Yes
The Hypothesis of the Stolen Painting 1979 Yes
Killer of Sheep 1978 Yes
Stalker 1979 No
Family Nest 1979 Yes
J-Men Forever 1979 Yes
Manhattan 1979 Yes
Radio On 1979 Yes

1980s

[edit]
Film Year Exclusively B/W
Forbidden Zone 1980 Yes
Stardust Memories 1980 Yes
The Elephant Man 1980 Yes
Raging Bull 1980 No
Sir Henry at Rawlinson End 1980 Yes
You Are Not I 1981 Yes
Muddy River 1981 Yes
The State of Things 1982 Yes
Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid 1982 Yes
Konopielka 1982 Yes
Veronika Voss 1982 Yes
Chassé-croisé 1982 Yes
Chan Is Missing 1982 Yes
Strasek, der Vampir 1982 Yes
Taking Tiger Mountain 1983 Yes
Zelig 1983 No
Rumble Fish 1983 No
Confidentially Yours 1983 Yes
The Gold Diggers 1983 Yes
Le Dernier Combat 1983 Yes
Klassenverhältnisse 1984 Yes
Calamari Union 1984 Yes
Boy Meets Girl 1984 Yes
Bless Their Little Hearts 1984 Yes
Broadway Danny Rose 1984 Yes
Screamplay 1984 Yes
Stranger Than Paradise 1984 Yes
Nothing Lasts Forever 1984 No
The Angelic Conversation 1985 No
Mala Noche 1985 No
Noir et Blanc 1986 Yes
Tree Without Leaves 1986 Yes
Under the Cherry Moon 1986 Yes
She's Gotta Have It 1986 No
To Sleep So as to Dream 1986 Yes
Down by Law 1986 Yes
Wings of Desire 1987 No
Epidemic 1987 Yes
Heat and Sunlight 1987 Yes
My Best Friend's Birthday 1987 Yes
A Hungarian Fairy Tale 1987 Yes
Border Radio 1987 Yes
The Noisy Requiem 1988 Yes
Damnation 1988 Yes
Heart of a Dog 1988 Yes
Hard Times 1988 Yes
L'imperatore di Roma 1988 Yes
Tales from the Gimli Hospital 1988 Yes
Begotten 1989 Yes
Black Rain 1989 Yes
It 1989 No
Roadkill 1989 Yes
The Asthenic Syndrome 1989 No
My 20th Century 1989 Yes
Circus Boys 1989 Yes
O Sangue 1989 Yes
The Pregnant Laddie 1989 Yes
Sidewalk Stories 1989 Yes
Tetsuo: The Iron Man 1989 Yes

1990s

[edit]
Film Year Exclusively B/W
Pervyy etazh 1990 Yes
Singapore Sling 1990 Yes
Freeze Die Come to Life 1990 Yes
Archangel 1990 Yes
Korczak 1990 Yes
Ucho 1990 Yes
The Hours and Times 1991 Yes
Night of the Day of the Dawn Part 2 1991 Yes
Europa 1991 No
Kafka 1991 No
A Little Stiff 1991 Yes
Medusa: Dare to Be Truthful 1991 No
Madonna: Truth or Dare 1991 No
No Skin Off My Ass 1991 Yes
Swoon 1992 Yes
La Vie de Bohème 1992 Yes
In the Soup 1992 Yes
Life According to Agfa 1992 Yes
Shadows and Fog 1992 Yes
Man Bites Dog 1992 Yes
The Days 1993 Yes
Anchoress 1993 Yes
En compagnie d'Antonin Artaud 1993 Yes
Suture 1993 Yes
Schindler's List 1993 No
Go Fish 1994 Yes
Ladoni 1994 Yes
Nadja 1994 Yes
Woyzeck 1994 Yes
Sátántangó 1994 Yes
Rhythm Thief 1994 Yes
Federal Hill 1994 Yes
Eclipse 1994 No
Ed Wood 1994 Yes
Clerks 1994 Yes
The Corridor 1995 Yes
Dead Man 1995 Yes
Institute Benjamenta 1995 Yes
La Haine 1995 Yes
The Addiction 1995 Yes
A Midwinter's Tale 1995 Yes
Dream for an Insomniac 1996 No
Rubber's Lover 1996 Yes
The Toilers and the Wayfarers 1996 Yes
Bitter Sugar 1996 Yes
Foreign Land 1996 Yes
Growing Artichokes in Mimongo 1996 Yes
Drawing Flies 1996 Yes
Color of a Brisk and Leaping Day 1996 Yes
House of the Damned 1996 Yes
Labyrinth of Dreams 1997 Yes
The Tango Lesson 1997 No
Desert Sky 1997 Yes
Leather Jacket Love Story 1997 Yes
Kasaba 1997 Yes
How to Cheat in the Leaving Certificate 1997 Yes
Happy Together 1997 No
24 7: Twenty Four Seven 1997 Yes
The Cruise 1998 Yes
Pleasantville 1998 No
Khrustalyov, mashinu! 1998 Yes
Pi 1998 Yes
Bullet Ballet 1998 Yes
The Red Dwarf 1998 Yes
Samurai Fiction 1998 Yes
The General 1998 Yes
The City 1998 Yes
Celebrity 1998 Yes
Capuccino 1998 Yes
Following 1998 Yes
Of Freaks and Men 1998 No
Okraina 1998 Yes
The Miracle of P. Tinto 1998 No
Man of the Century 1999 Yes
Judy Berlin 1999 Yes
Juha 1999 Yes
Wisconsin Death Trip 1999 No
Chi Girl 1999 Yes
Tuvalu 1999 No
Zombie! vs. Mardi Gras 1999 Yes
The Woman Chaser 1999 Yes
Girl on the Bridge 1999 Yes

2000s

[edit]
Film Year Exclusively B/W
Mysterious Object at Noon 2000 Yes
Devils on the Doorstep 2000 No
Eureka 2000 No
La Commune (Paris, 1871) 2000 Yes
A Snake of June 2000 Yes
Werckmeister Harmonies 2000 Yes
Acne 2000 Yes
Memento 2000 No
The Lost Skeleton of Cadavra 2001 Yes
25 Watts 2001 Yes
Makibefo 2001 Yes
Electric Dragon 80.000 V 2001 Yes
Return to Innocence 2001 No
Bolivia 2001 Yes
The American Astronaut 2001 Yes
Don's Plum 2001 Yes
Planet of the Cannibals 2001 Yes
In Praise of Love 2001 No
The Man Who Wasn't There 2001 Yes
Mongoland 2001 No
Box Head Revolution 2002 Yes
Dracula: Pages from a Virgin's Diary 2002 No
Tamala 2010: A Punk Cat in Space 2002 No
Back Against the Wall 2002 Yes
Don't Ask Don't Tell 2002 Yes
Sin Destino 2002 No
Aro Tolbukhin. En la mente del asesino 2002 No
Woodenhead 2003 Yes
The Saddest Music in the World 2003 No
Cowards Bend the Knee 2003 Yes
A Thousand Clouds of Peace 2003 Yes
Coffee and Cigarettes 2003 Yes
Temporada de patos 2004 Yes
I Always Wanted to Be a Gangster 2004 Yes
Late Bloomer 2004 Yes
Evolution of a Filipino Family 2004 Yes
After the Apocalypse 2004 Yes
À tout de suite 2004 Yes
Aaltra 2004 Yes
Sin City 2005 No
Regular Lovers 2005 Yes
I'm Going to Tell You a Secret 2005 No
The Notorious Bettie Page 2005 No
Good Night, and Good Luck 2005 Yes
Dark Horse 2005 No
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari 2005 Yes
Ashes and Snow 2005 Yes
Angel-A 2005 Yes
The Call of Cthulhu 2005 Yes
Night of the Day of the Dawn Part 3 2005 Yes
Mutual Appreciation 2005 Yes
Mother of Mine 2005 No
Frankenstein vs. the Creature from Blood Cove 2005 Yes
13 Tzameti 2005 Yes
A Short Film About the Indio Nacional (or The Prolonged Sorrow of Filipinos) 2005 Yes
Renaissance 2006 No
Ten Canoes 2006 No
The Bridge 2006 No
Slow Days 2006 Yes
Automatons 2006 Yes
Brand Upon the Brain! 2006 No
Asudem 2006 Yes
Avida 2006 Yes
The Good German 2006 Yes
Destination Mars 2006 Yes
Ten Canoes 2006 No
Factory Girl 2006 No
Clerks II 2006 No
Vermilion Souls 2007 Yes
Persepolis 2007 No
The Mist (Black and white version) 2007 No
The Man from London 2007 Yes
La León 2007 Yes
La Antena 2007 Yes
Life Kills Me 2007 Yes
Dreamscape 2007 Yes
J'ai toujours rêvé d'être un gangster 2007 Yes
Tin Can Man 2007 Yes
...a bude hůř 2007 Yes
In Search of a Midnight Kiss 2007 Yes
Dr. Plonk 2007 Yes
Control 2007 Yes
Honor Guard 2007 Yes
Zift 2008 Yes
Aegri Somnia 2008 No
Somers Town 2008 No
Frontier of the Dawn 2008 Yes
Fear(s) of the Dark 2008 No
Melancholia 2008 Yes
The White Ribbon 2009 Yes
Tetro 2009 No
Stingray Sam 2009 Yes
Rewers 2009 No
Polytechnique 2009 Yes
City of Life and Death 2009 Yes
Antichrist 2009 No
The Lost Skeleton Returns Again 2009 No

2010s

[edit]
Film Year Exclusively B/W
Guy and Madeline on a Park Bench 2010 Yes
Dharma Guns (La succession Starkov) 2010 No
Dark and Stormy Night 2010 Yes
Promises Written in Water 2010 Yes
Lotus Eaters 2011 Yes
For Lovers Only 2011 Yes
The Turin Horse 2011 Yes
Keyhole 2011 Yes
The Whisperer in Darkness 2011 Yes
Heleno 2011 Yes
The Day He Arrives 2011 Yes
Manila Kingpin: The Asiong Salonga Story 2011 Yes
Century of Birthing 2011 Yes
Codependent Lesbian Space Alien Seeks Same 2011 Yes
The Color Wheel 2011 Yes
The Artist 2011 Yes
Alois Nebel 2011 Yes
Tabu 2012 Yes
A Coffee in Berlin 2012 Yes
Much Ado About Nothing 2012 Yes
Frankenweenie 2012 Yes
Frances Ha 2012 Yes
Caesar Must Die 2012 No
Blancanieves 2012 Yes
Florentina Hubaldo, CTE 2012 Yes
Artémis, cœur d'artichaut 2013 No
Quod Erat Demonstrandum 2013 Yes
Nebraska 2013 Yes
A Field in England 2013 Yes
Ida 2013 Yes
Escape from Tomorrow 2013 Yes
Computer Chess 2013 No
Hard to Be a God 2013 Yes
L'arbitro 2013 Yes
Village of Hope 2013 Yes
Jealousy 2013 Yes
Thou Gild'st the Even 2013 No
Weekend 2013 Yes
Quatre nuits d'un étranger 2013 Yes
Wolf 2013 Yes
The Role 2013 Yes
From What Is Before 2014 Yes
The Better Angels 2014 Yes
In the Crosswind 2014 Yes
Sin City: A Dame to Kill For 2014 No
You're Sleeping Nicole 2014 Yes
A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night 2014 Yes
Güeros 2014 Yes
The Sea Is Behind 2014 Yes
Embrace of the Serpent 2015 No
Chorus 2015 Yes
Bleak Street 2015 Yes
Aferim! 2015 Yes
The Assassin 2015 No
Ausma 2015 Yes
In the Shadow of Women 2015 Yes
Thane of East County 2015 No
Tharlo 2015 Yes
Tikkun 2015 Yes
Darling 2015 Yes
Dongju: The Portrait of a Poet 2016 Yes
The Chronicles of Melanie 2016 Yes
A Lullaby to the Sorrowful Mystery 2016 Yes
The Happiest Day in the Life of Olli Mäki 2016 Yes
Weirdos 2016 Yes
Frantz 2016 No
The Woman Who Left 2016 Yes
The Eyes of My Mother 2016 Yes
Blue Jay 2016 Yes
Cartas da Guerra 2016 Yes
Death by Death 2016 Yes
The Summer Is Gone 2016 No
The Tesla World Light 2017 Yes
The Party 2017 Yes
The Day After 2017 Yes
The Great Buddha+ 2017 Yes
I Love You, Daddy 2017 Yes
November 2017 Yes
Infinity Baby 2017 Yes[11]
3 Days in Quiberon 2018 Yes
Grass 2018 Yes
Cold War 2018 Yes
Empathy, Inc. 2018 Yes
Hotel by the River 2018 Yes
Season of the Devil 2018 Yes
Roma 2018 Yes
The Other Side of the Wind 2018 No
The Divide 2018 Yes
Lake Michigan Monster 2018 Yes
Leto 2018 No
1956, CenTral Travancore 2019 Yes
The Halt 2019 Yes
The Lighthouse 2019 Yes
The Painted Bird 2019 Yes
Bait 2019 Yes
Beats 2019 No
Kalel, 15 2019 Yes

2020s

[edit]
Film Year Exclusively B/W
Dear Comrades! 2020 Yes
The 40-Year-Old Version 2020 No
Friend of the World 2020 No
Genus Pan 2020 Yes
Mank 2020 Yes
Some Southern Waters 2020 Yes
Služobníci 2020 Yes
Malcolm & Marie 2021 Yes
Guilt 2021 Yes
Belfast 2021 No
C'mon C'mon 2021 Yes
Passing 2021 Yes
The Tragedy of Macbeth 2021 Yes
Limbo 2021 Yes
The Afterlight 2021 Yes
Paris, 13th District 2021 No
Werewolf by Night 2022 No
Vindication Swim 2022 No
Olavum Theeravum 2022 Yes
Blonde 2022 No
Hundreds of Beavers 2022 Yes
Do Not Expect Too Much from the End of the World 2023 No
Maestro 2023 No
Shttl 2023 No
Green Border 2023 Yes
Falling In Love Like In Movies 2023 No
There's Still Tomorrow 2023 Yes
Bramayugam 2024 Yes
Samsara 2024 Yes

Films with notable black-and-white scenes

[edit]

The following films are less than 50% black-and-white footage, but contain notable scenes in black-and-white.

Film Year Notes
The Wizard of Oz 1939 Beginning and end of film are sepia-toned
Solaris 1972 Numerous black-and-white scenes
Natural Born Killers 1994 Flashbacks are black-and-white
Kill Bill: Volume 1 2003
Kill Bill: Volume 2 2004
Oppenheimer 2023
Oz the Great and Powerful 2013 First 20 minutes are black-and-white
The French Dispatch 2021 Numerous black-and-white scenes
Thor: Love and Thunder 2022 Fight scene between Gorr and Thor is black-and-white
Asteroid City 2023
Poor Things 2023 Most of the first 20 minutes are black-and-white
Dune: Part Two 2024

Black-and-white versions of color films

[edit]

The following are color films that were also released in black-and-white.

Film Year Notes
Nickelodeon 1976 B&W director's cut released in 2009
Johnny Mnemonic 1995 Johnny Mnemonic: In Black and White released 2022
The Mist 2007 B&W version released in 2008
Mad Max: Fury Road 2015 Mad Max: Black & Chrome released 2016
Shin Godzilla 2016 Shin Godzilla: Orthochromatic released 2023
Logan 2017 Logan Noir released 2017
Parasite 2019
Zack Snyder's Justice League 2021 Zack Snyder's Justice League: Justice is Gray released 2021
Nightmare Alley 2021 Nightmare Alley: Vision in Darkness and Light released 2022
Godzilla Minus One 2023 Godzilla Minus One/Minus Color releaed 2024

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Special to the New York Times (April 11, 1968). "'In Heat of Night' Wins Oscar as Best Film". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  2. ^ Gene Smith (May 2, 1963). "R.C.A. Plans Most Colorful Meeting". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  3. ^ Gene Smith (September 20, 1964). "Set Makers See Dollar Signs in Color TV Tubes / R.C.A. Maps New Expansion — Sylvania Is Optimistic". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  4. ^ Val Adams (March 9, 1965). "N.B.C. Will Boost Use of TV Color / Plans Only 2 Evening Shows Next Season Without It". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  5. ^ Val Adams (June 17, 1965). "Two TV Networks Add Color Shows / C.B.S. and A.B.C. Arrange Shift for 8 Programs". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  6. ^ THE COLOR REVOLUTION: TELEVISION IN THE SIXTIES (Television Obscurities, April 26, 2018)
  7. ^ Jack Gould (May 1, 1966). "The Hidden Cost of Color". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  8. ^ Gorham A. Kindem (Spring 1979). "Hollywood's Conversion to Color: The Technological, Economic and Aesthetic Factors". Journal of the University Film Association. JSTOR 20687473. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  9. ^ "Indie movie directors delve into black and white filmmaking". Variety.com. June 19, 2013. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  10. ^ Killian Fox (June 30, 2013). "How black-and-white movies made a comeback". The Guardian. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  11. ^ "Film Review: 'Infinity Baby'". 12 April 2017.