List of coolest stars

This is a list of coolest stars and brown dwarfs discovered, arranged by decreasing temperature. The stars with temperatures lower than 2,000 K are included.

Coolest main sequence stars

[edit]

Include stars with temperatures lower than 2,500 Kelvin.

Star name Temperature

(K)

Spectral type Distance (light years) Notes
2MASS J0523-1403 1,939[1] L2.5V 41.62 The coolest main sequence star known as of 2023.

Coolest giant stars

[edit]

Include giants with temperatures lower than 2,000 Kelvin.

Star name Temperature

(K)

Spectral type Distance (light years) Notes
S Cassiopeiae 1,800[2] S3,4–S5,8 3,100±300
RW Leonis Minoris 1,800[3] C4,3[4] 1,053[5]
V Coronae Borealis 1,800[6] C6,2e_MS3[7] 2,100[6]
V384 Persei 1,820[8] N
T Draconis 1,850[8] C6,2e
V346 Puppis 1,875[8] C
S Aurigae 1,940[8] C-N5+
V1426 Cygni 1,975[8] C7,2e

Coolest brown dwarfs

[edit]

Include brown dwarfs with temperatures lower than 500 Kelvin.

Star name Temperature

(K)

Spectral type Distance (light years) Notes
WISE 0855–0714 285 Y4 7.426±0.039 [9]
WISE 0336-0143B[10] 295±10[11] Y1? 32.7[12] spectral type is not yet published, but should be around Y1 if we assume MIRI F480M is similar to W2 and by using Figure 13 from Kirkpatrick et al. 2012[13] Might be a later spectral type.
WISEA 0830+2837 300-350[14] >Y1[12] 26.87[12] uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0238-1332 367±79[12] >Y1 58.66 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0402-2651 367±79[12] >Y1 39.53 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEU 0503-5648[12] 367±79 >Y1 33.18 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0940+5233[12] 367±79 >Y1 43.49 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1257+7153[12] 367±79 >Y1 54.18 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP J1446−2317[12] 367±79 >Y1 37.75 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1930-2059[12] 367±79 >Y1 30.67 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 1935-1546[12] 367±79 >Y1 47.06 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2230+2549[12] 367±79 >Y1 52.44 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2256+4002[12] 367±79 >Y1 32.04 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 0825+2805[12] 376±88 Y0.5 21.37
WD 0806-661B[12] 377±88 Y1 62.80 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 0350-5658[12] 388±88 Y1 18.49
WISEA 2354+0240[12] 388±88 Y1 24.97
WISE 2209+2711[12] 389±88 Y0: 20.17
WISE 0647-6232[12] 393±88 Y1 32.78
WISEPA 1541-2250[12] 395±88 Y1 19.54
WISE 1828+2650 406±88[12] Y2V[15] 32.5 Temperature could be lower. If it is a binary, its components could be as cold as about 275-350 K.[16]
WISE 0535-7500[12] 410±88 >=Y1: 47.48
WISE 1405+5534 411±88[12] Y0.5(pec?)[12] 20.62
CWISEP 0321+6932[12] 412±79 Y0.5 47.61 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 1639-6847[12] 412±88 Y0pec 14.85
CWISEP 2356-4814[12] 412±79 Y0.5 56.62 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 0336-0143A[10] 440±24[17] Y0[12] 32.7[12]
WISEPA 1738+2732[12] 450±88 Y0 24.92
WISEPA 0410+1502[12] 451±88 Y0 21.56
WISE 2220-3628[12] 452±88 Y0 34.15
WISE 1534-1043 453±77[18] sdY? 53 possibly halo brown dwarf
WISE 1206+8401[12] 454±88 Y0 38.51
WISE 0146+4234B[12] 460±79 Y0 63.09
WISEA 0302-5817[12] 460±79 Y0: 54.45
CWISEP 0634+5049[12] 460±79 Y0 52.61 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0859+5349[12] 460±79 Y0 60.62 spectral type is an estimate
CWISE 0925-4720[12] 460±79 Y0 34.96 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0938+0634[12] 460±79 Y0 61.31 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP J1047+5457[12] 460±79 Y0 43.37 spectral type is an estimate
CWISE 1121-6232[12] 460±79 Y0 33.69 spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1141-3326[12] 460±79 Y0 31.36
WISE 1217+1626 B 460±79[12] Y0-0.5 33
CWISE 1531-3306[12] 460±79 Y0 55.37 spectral type is an estimate
WISENF 1936+0408[12] 460±79 Y0 28.64 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2011-4812[12] 460±79 Y0 45.94 spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 2243-1458[12] 460±79 Y0 47,75 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 1112-3857[12] 461±88 T9 31.79
WISE 0734-7157[12] 462±88 Y0 43.78
WISE 0713-2917[12] 464±88 Y0 29.84
WISEPC 2056+1459[12] 464±88 Y0 23.16
WISE 0304-2705[12] 465±88 Y0~pec 44.62
WISE 0359-5401 467+16
−18[19] 		Y0[12] 44.31[12]
WISE 0943+3607[12] 468±88 T9.5 33.59
WISE 0833+0052[12] 472±88 (sd)T9 40.92 possible subdwarf
WISE 1542+2230[12] 472±88 T9.5 38.69
WISE 0811-8051[12] 479±88 T9.5: 32.91
WISEPA 2134-7137[12] 481±88 T9~pec 29.73 possible subdwarf
WISE 2212-6931[12] 487±88 T9 40.47
WISEPA 0751-7634[12] 492±88 T9 33.32
WISE 0335+4310[12] 492±88 T9 38.46

See also

[edit]


References

[edit]
  1. ^ Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (2015-09-10). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 1538-4357.
  2. ^ Ramstedt, S.; Olofsson, H. (2014-06-01). "The 12CO/13CO ratio in AGB stars of different chemical type - Connection to the 12C/13C ratio and the evolution along the AGB". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: A145. arXiv:1405.6404. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423721. ISSN 0004-6361.
  3. ^ Ramstedt, S.; Olofsson, H. (2014-06-01). "The 12CO/13CO ratio in AGB stars of different chemical type - Connection to the 12C/13C ratio and the evolution along the AGB". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: A145. arXiv:1405.6404. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423721. ISSN 0004-6361.
  4. ^ Cohen, M. (1979-03-01). "Circumstellar envelopes and the evolution of carbon stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 186 (4): 837–852. Bibcode:1979MNRAS.186..837C. doi:10.1093/mnras/186.4.837. ISSN 0035-8711.
  5. ^ Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Fouesneau, M.; Demleitner, M.; Andrae, R. (2021-03-01). "Estimating distances from parallaxes. V: Geometric and photogeometric distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (3): 147. arXiv:2012.05220. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..147B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd806. ISSN 0004-6256. Data about this star can be seen here.
  6. ^ a b Danilovich, T.; Teyssier, D.; Justtanont, K.; Olofsson, H.; Cerrigone, L.; Bujarrabal, V.; Alcolea, J.; Cernicharo, J.; Castro-Carrizo, A.; García-Lario, P.; Marston, A. (2015-09-01). "New observations and models of circumstellar CO line emission of AGB stars in the Herschel SUCCESS programme". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 581: A60. arXiv:1506.09065. Bibcode:2015A&A...581A..60D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526705. ISSN 0004-6361.
  7. ^ "V CrB". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
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  9. ^ Luhman, K. L.; Tremblin, P.; Alves de Oliveira, C.; Birkmann, S. M.; Baraffe, I.; Chabrier, G.; Manjavacas, E.; Parker, R. J.; Valenti, J. (2023-12-05). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf*". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (1): 5. arXiv:2311.17316. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad0b72. ISSN 0004-6256.
  10. ^ a b Calissendorff, Per; De Furio, Matthew; Meyer, Michael; Albert, Loïc; Aganze, Christian; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Baron, Frederique; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline Kelly; Fontanive, Clémence; Gelino, Christopher R.; Gizis, John E. (2023-04-01). "JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05-014350.4". The Astrophysical Journal. 947 (2): L30. arXiv:2303.16923. Bibcode:2023ApJ...947L..30C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc86d. ISSN 0004-637X.
  11. ^ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (25 Sep 2023). "The First Y Dwarf Data From JWST Show That Dynamic and Diabatic Processes Regulate Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 959 (2): 86. arXiv:2309.14567. Bibcode:2023ApJ...959...86L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acfdad.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Schneider, Adam C.; Marocco, Federico; Cayago, Alfred J.; Smart, R. L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Wright, Edward L.; Cushing, Michael C.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez (2021-03-01). "The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20-pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 253 (1): 7. arXiv:2011.11616. Bibcode:2021ApJS..253....7K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd107. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 227126954.
  13. ^ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Mainzer, Amanda K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Tinney, C. G.; Parker, Stephen; Salter, Graeme (2012-07-01). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 753 (2): 156. arXiv:1205.2122. Bibcode:2012ApJ...753..156K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156. ISSN 0004-637X.
  14. ^ Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Goodman, Sam; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Kuchner, Marc; Gagné, Jonathan; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Allers, Katelyn; Debes, John; Wisniewski, John (2020-06-01). "WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 895 (2): 145. arXiv:2004.12829. Bibcode:2020ApJ...895..145B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d25. ISSN 0004-637X.
  15. ^ Beichman, Charles A.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Barman, Travis S.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Wright, E. L. (2013-01-29). "The Coldest Brown Dwarf (Or Free Floating Planet)?: The Y Dwarf WISE 1828+2650". The Astrophysical Journal. 764 (1): 101. arXiv:1301.1669. Bibcode:2013ApJ...764..101B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/101. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118575478.
  16. ^ Cushing, Michael C.; Schneider, Adam C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, Mark S.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Mace, Gregory N.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A. (2021-10-01). "An Improved Near-infrared Spectrum of the Archetype Y Dwarf WISEP J182831.08+265037.8". The Astrophysical Journal. 920 (1): 20. arXiv:2107.00506. Bibcode:2021ApJ...920...20C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac12cb. ISSN 0004-637X.
  17. ^ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (25 Sep 2023). "The First Y Dwarf Data From JWST Show That Dynamic and Diabatic Processes Regulate Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 959 (2): 86. arXiv:2309.14567. Bibcode:2023ApJ...959...86L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acfdad.
  18. ^ Meisner, Aaron M.; Leggett, S. K.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Schneider, Adam C.; Tremblin, Pascal; Phillips, Mark (2023-08-01). "Exploring the Extremes: Characterizing a New Population of Old and Cold Brown Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (2): 57. arXiv:2301.09817. Bibcode:2023AJ....166...57M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acdb68. ISSN 0004-6256.
  19. ^ Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S. (2023-07-01). "The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 951 (2): L48. arXiv:2306.11807. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..48B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace32c. ISSN 0004-637X.
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