List of echinoderms of Venezuela
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Equinodermos_de_Venezuela.jpg/250px-Equinodermos_de_Venezuela.jpg)
The echinoderms of Venezuela are a strictly marine animal phylum comprising about 124 species of marine waters designated for Venezuelan Caribbean.[1] The first lists of species for Venezuelan coast date back to 1939[2] and 1967.[3]
In Venezuela are five classes representatives living today: Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea.[4] In this list are listed 105 species for the territory Venezuelan.[2][3][5][6][7]
List of species identified for Venezuela
[edit]Crinoidea (Sea Lilies)
[edit]Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state[nota 1] | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777)[3][7] | Rosy Feather-star[8] | Atlantic Ocean[9] | Ar; Su; Va | |
Davidaster rubiginosus (Pourtàles, 1869)[3] | Sea lily[3][10] | Caribbean Sea[11] | Ar | |
Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Black and White Sea Lily[12] | Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[13] | Ar; Ca; Fa; DF; Su; Va |
Asteroidea (Starfishs)
[edit]Ophiuroidea (Sea spiders and sea snakes)
[edit]Echinoidea (Sea urchins and sand dollar)
[edit]Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Purple Sea Urchin.[93][94] | Caribbean Sea[95] | An; NE; Su | ![]() |
Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907[3][7] | Caribbean Sea[96] | An; Su | ||
Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778)[3] | Groove Burrowing Urchin[97] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Westhern Mediterranean Sea[98] | An; DF; Su | |
Clypeaster cyclopylus H.L.Clark, 1941[99] | Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[100] | DF (Archp. Los Testigos) | ||
Clypeaster euclastus H.L.Clark, 1941[7][99] | Caribbean Sea[101] | An, Ca, DA, DF, Fa | ||
Clypeaster lamprus H.L.Clark, 1914[99] | Caribbean Sea[102] | Va | ||
Clypeaster prostratus Ravenel, 1848[99] | Caribbean Sea[103] | Fa, Zu | ||
Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)[3][99] | Sea Biscuit[104] | Caribbean Sea[105] | Fa; DF; NE | ![]() |
Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825)[3][7][99] | Sand Dollar[106] | Caribbean Sea[107] | An; Fa; NE; Su | ![]() |
Diadema antillarum (Philippi & Agassiz, 1863)[3][7] | Long-spined Sea Urchin[108] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[109] | Ar; Ca; DF; Mi; Su; Va | ![]() |
Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758)[3][7][110] | Rock-boring Urchin[111] | Caribbean Sea[112] | An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu | ![]() |
Echinometra viridis Agassiz, 1863[2][3][7] | Green Urchin[14] | Caribbean Sea[113] | Ar; Ca; DF; Fa; Mi | ![]() |
Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778)[3][7][99] | Sand Dollar, Cookie[14] | Caribbean Sea[114] | Ar; NE; Su | ![]() |
Encope michelini Agassiz, 1841[99] | Notched Sand Dollar[115] | Caribbean Sea[116] | Ar; NE; Su | |
Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7] | Slate Pencil Urchin[117] | Caribbean Sea[118] | DF; Mi; NE; Su; Va; Zu | ![]() |
Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778)[3][7][99] | Six Holed Keyhole Urchin[119] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[120] | An; Ar; Ca; Mi; NE; Su; Va | ![]() |
Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7][121] | Variegated Sea Urchin[122] | Caribbean Sea[123] | An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; su; Va; Zu | ![]() |
Mellita quinquiesperforata latiambulacra H. L. Clark, 1940[2][3][7][99] | Dollar see; Cookie[124] | Caribbean Sea[125] | An; Ar; Ca; DA; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu | ![]() |
Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Caribbean Sea[126] | DF; NE | ||
Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Caribbean Sea[127] | Su; | ||
Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788)[7] | Caribbean Sea[128] | An; DA; Su | ![]() | |
Schizaster orbignyanus Agassiz, 1980[3][7] | Caribbean Sea[129] | An; DA; Su | ||
Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Sea Egg[130] | Caribbean Sea[131] | DF; Fa; Mi; NE; Su; Va | ![]() |
Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)
[edit]See also
[edit]- List of birds of Venezuela
- List of introduced molluscs of Venezuela
- List of mammals of Venezuela
- List of marine molluscs of Venezuela
- List of molluscs of Falcón State, Venezuela
- List of non-marine molluscs of El Hatillo Municipality, Miranda, Venezuela
- List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela
- List of Poriferans of Venezuela
Notas
[edit]- ^ The following codes are used:
- An: Anzoátegui
- Ar: Aragua
- Ca: Carabobo
- DA: Delta Amacuro
- DF: Dependencias Federales
- Fa: Falcón
- Mi: Miranda
- Mo: Monagas
- NE: Nueva Esparta
- Su: Sucre
- Va: Vargas
- Zu: Zulia
References
[edit]- ^ Miloslavich P, Díaz JM, Klein E, et al. (2010). "Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns". PLOS ONE. 5 (8): e11916. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...511916M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011916. PMC 2914069. PMID 20689856.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Engel H (1939). "Echinoderms from Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire and Northern Venezuela". Capita Zoologica. VIII (4): 1–12.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo Zoppy E (1967). "Contribución al conocimiento de los Equinodermos de Venezuela". Acta Biologica Venezuelica. 5 (17): 267–333.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Zoppy, E. & Cedeño, A. 1980. Phylum Echinodermata. En: Bodini, R. & Rada, D. Biología Animal. Editorial Ateneo de Caracas. Caracas - Venezuela. pp:233-242
- ^ a b c Flores C., Martínez de R. A. (1970). "Status de la familia Goniasteridae (Asteroidea: Phanerozonia) en la región Oriental de Venezuela". Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Universidad de Oriente. 9 (1–2): 3–8.
- ^ a b c d e f Martínez, Mago H (1975). "Contribución al conocimiento de los holoturoideos (Holoturoidea: Echinodermata) de la región oriental de Venezuela". Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Universidad de Oriente. 14 (2): 187–197.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl "Gómez M, María C. y Hernández A, Iván. 2011: Equinodermos de la bahía Tunantal, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, 50 (2): 209-231". Ojs.udo.edu.ve. 2013-01-13. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Antedon bifida". EOL. 2010-03-30. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777) AphiaID: 124201". Marinespecies.org. 2004-12-21. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Matínez E. Rafael y Martínez M. Enrique. 1998: Técnicas generales para invertebrados, colecta, anestesia, fijación, preservación, coloración, montaje, cultivo y calidad de agua. Caracas. 246p.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Davidaster rubiginosus (Pourtalès, 1869) AphiaID: 246784". Marinespecies.org. 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Tropiometra carinata". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 213331". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Cervigon, F. y Velázquez, E. 1981. Nombres venáculos de organismos marinos del Estado Nueva Esparta. Caracas. 53p.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Anthenoides piercei Perrier, 1881 AphiaID: 178061". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Asterinides folium Common Blunt Armed Sea Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Asterinides folium (Lutken, 1860) AphiaID: 459535". Marinespecies.org. 2010-02-27. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 178646". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 178647". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ a b c d "Capelo Juan., Gutiérrez, Javier., Rada, m., Buitrgo, J y Narváez, J. 2007: Biodiversidad de las comunidades de bentos del sur del golfo de Paria, Venezuela. [[Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales]], 67(168):59-82. {{ISSN|0037-8518}}". Archived from the original on 2013-07-07. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astropecten duplicatus Two-spined Star Fish". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178650". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178667". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 178747". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 178748". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Goniaster tessellatus (de Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 124033". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178188". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia alternata (Say, 1825)AphiaID: 178615". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 158497". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Luidia senegalensis Nine-armed Sea Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia senegalensis (Lamark, 1816) AphiaID: 178641". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Oreaster reticulatus Cushion Sea Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 178210". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tethyaster vestitus (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 178718". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiodia trychna H.L. Clark, 1918 AphiaID: 242681". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphioplus coniortodes H.L. Clark, 1918 AphiaID: 242765". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphipholis januarii Ljungman, 1866 AphiaID: 149906". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Amphipholis squamata Small Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) AphiaID: 125064". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura palmeri Koehler, 1906 AphiaID: 125093". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura rathbuni Koehler, 1914 AphiaID: 242980". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura stimpsoni Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 242991". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Asteronyx loveni Pipe-cleaner Brittlestar". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 124951". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astrophyton muricatum Giant Basket Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 243214". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852) AphiaID: 158072". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson, 1854) AphiaID: 405791". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis muelleri Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243460". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis algicola H.L. Clark, 1933 AphiaID: 243434". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiactis savignyi Savigny's Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842) AphiaID: 125122". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocnida scabriuscula Lobate Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Lütken, 1859) AphiaID: 422458". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma echinata Black Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 243573". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma pumila Banded Ophiocoma". EOL. 2011-08-30. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma pumila Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243578". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma wendtii Red Ophiocoma". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma wendtii Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 243582". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocomella ophiactoides Coralline Brittle Star". EOL. 2011-08-30. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocomella ophiactoides (H.L. Clark, 1900) AphiaID: 243584". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma appressa Harlequin Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma appressa (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 243630". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma brevicauda Short Spined Ophioderma". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma brevicauda Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243631". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma brevispina (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 158073". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma cinerea Chocolate Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma cinerea Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 243632". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma rubicunda Ruby Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma rubicunda Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243645". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis elegans Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 243691". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis impressa Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 243695". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiolepis impressa Scaly Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis paucispina (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 124887". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiomyxa flaccida Slimy Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiomyxa flaccida (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 243863". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis olivacea H.L. Clark, 1900 AphiaID: 243886". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophionereis reticulata Reticulated Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 124833". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis squamulosa Koehler, 1914 AphiaID: 243892". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiopsila hartmeyeri Koehler, 1913 AphiaID: 244010". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiopsila riisei Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 244020". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiophragmus wurdemani (Lyman, 1860) AphiaID: 243937". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix angulata Angular Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) angulata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 244162". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix brachyactis H.L. Clark, 1915 AphiaID: 244106". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix oerstedii Oersted's Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) oerstedii Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 244182". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix suensoni Suenson's Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) suensonii Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 244148". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiura acervata (Lyman, 1869) AphiaID: 244255". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ Serafy, Keith. & Fell, Julian. 1985: Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echidodermata: Echinoidea. NOAA technical Report NMFS 33. 28p.
- ^ "Encyclopedia Of Life (EOL) Arbacia punctulata". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 158058". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907 AphiaID: 422510". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia Of Life (EOL) Brissus unicolor". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 124380". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Francisco, V. y Pauls, S. 2008: Especies del orden Clypeasteroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)de las costas de Venezuela. Revista de Biología Tropical 56(Suppl. 3):215-228" (PDF). Revista de Biología Tropical. ISSN 0034-7744. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster cyclopilus H.L. Clark, 1941 AphiaID: 513181". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster euclastus H.L. Clark, 1941 AphiaID: 422495". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster lamprus H.L. Clark, 1914 AphiaID: 513185". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster prostratus (Ravenel, 1845) AphiaID: 422497". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Clypeaster rosaceus". EOL. 2012-06-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 367962". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Clypeaster subdepressus". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825) AphiaID: 422499". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Diadema antillarum". EOL. 2009-07-24. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Diadema antillarum Philippi, 1845 AphiaID: 124332". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ Pompa L.; Prieto A. S.; Manrique R. (1989). "Abundancia y distribución espacial en una población del erizo Echinometra lucunter (L) en el Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela". Acta Científica Venezolana. 40: 289–294.
- ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Echinometra lucunter". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 213380". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinometra viridis A. Agassiz, 1863 AphiaID: 422493". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 513255". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Encope michelini". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Encope michelini L. Agassiz, 1841 AphiaID: 422501". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Eucidaris tribuloides". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 396741". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Leodia sexiesperforata". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 422502". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ Gómez G (2002). "Abundancia de erizo Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) en la costa norte, este y oeste de la isla de Margarita (Venezuela)". Acta Científica Venezolana. 53 (1): 43–53.
- ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Lytechinus variegatus". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 367850". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Mellita quinquiesperforata". EOL. 2012-06-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 158065". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 367846". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 158067". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788) AphiaID: 422511". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Schizaster orbignyanus A. Agassiz, 1880 AphiaID: 422521". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Tripneustes ventricosus". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 422490". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Aslia pygmaea (Théel, 1886) AphiaID: 529439". Marinespecies.org. 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ a b Pawson, David L., Pawson, Doris J. & King, Rachael A. (2010). "A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2449 (2449): 1–48. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2449.1.1. ISSN 1175-5326. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Museo de Biología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Catálogo de Echinodermata MBUCV-VI. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Zoología Tropical Caracas – Venezuela.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astichopus multifidus Fissured Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astichopus multifidus (Sluiter, 1910) AphiaID: 241780". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Chiridota rotifera Worm Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Chiridota rotifera (Pourtalès, 1851) AphiaID: 422538". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Euthyonacta solida (Deichmann, 1930) AphiaID: 422524". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) arenicola Semper, 1868 AphiaID: 210814". Ojs.udo.edu.ve. 2013-01-13. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Cystipus) cubana Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241823". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria glaberrima Brown Rock Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Selenkothuria) glaberrima Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 241851". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria grisea Gray Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 241833". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria impatiens Impatient Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) impatiens (Forskål, 1775) AphiaID: 125185". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria mexicana Donkey Dung Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Halodeima) mexicana Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 125180". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Cystipus) occidentalis Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241826". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria parvula Golden Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Platyperona) parvula (Selenka, 1867) AphiaID: 125183". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Theelothuria) princeps Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 210890". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria surinamensis Surinam Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Semperothuria) surinamensis Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241858". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria thomasi Tiger Tail Sea Cocumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980 AphiaID: 241876". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ Isostichopus badionotus. "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Isostichopus badionotus Three-rowed Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) AphiaID: 367868". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lissothuria antillensis Pawson, 1967 AphiaID: 529094". Marinespecies.org. 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lissothuria braziliensis (Théel, 1886) AphiaID: 529525". Marinespecies.org. 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ García, Rosa del Valle., Solís-Marín, Francisco A., Abreu Pérez, Mercedes., Laguarda Figueras, Alfredo & Durán-González, Alicia. 2005 Catálogo de los equinodermos Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea) nerítico-bentónicos del Archipiélago Cubano. Archived 2013-10-19 at the Wayback Machine Rev. Biol. Trop. 53(Suppl. 3):9-28, D ISSN 0034-7744
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852 AphiaID: 149908". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Pseudothyone belli (Ludwig, 1887) AphiaID: 422535". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Sclerodactyla briareus (Lesueur, 1824) AphiaID: 158532". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Thyone pseudofusus Deichmann, 1930 AphiaID: 225684". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930) AphiaID: 529705". Marinespecies.org. 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
External links
[edit]- Venciclopedia - Listado de Equinodermos de Venezuela
- Abundancia de erizo Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) en la costa norte, este y oeste de la isla de Margarita (Venezuela)
- Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. 2012. Milena Benavides Serrato. Giomar Helena Borrero Pérez. Christian Michael Díaz Sánchez. Instituto de Investigaciones Marino Costeras José Benito Vives De Andrèis (IVEMAR). Colombia. ISBN 978-958-8448-36-7
- Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echinoidea y Holothuroidea. 2012. Milena Benavides Serrato. Giomar Helena Borrero Pérez. Christian Michael Díaz Sánchez. Instituto de Investigaciones Marino Costeras José Benito Vives De Andrèis (IVEMAR). Colombia. ISBN 978-958-8448-52-7
- Alvarado, Juan José., y Alfonso S.M., Francisco. (editores) 2013: Echinoderm research and diversity in Latin America. Springer Verlag, Berlin. ISBN 978-3-642-20050-2, ISBN 978-3-642-20051-9