List of lemuroids

Ring-tailed kawanu resting with hands on wooden branch
Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)

Lemuroidea is a superfamily of primates. Members of this superfamily are called lemuroids, or lemurs. Lemuroidea is one of two superfamilies that form the suborder Strepsirrhini, itself one of two suborders in the order Primates. They are found exclusively on the island of Madagascar, primarily in forests but with some species also in savannas, shrublands, or wetlands. They range in size from the Margot Marsh's mouse lemur, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 11 cm (4 in) tail, to the indri, at 90 cm (35 in) plus a 6 cm (2 in) tail. Lemuroids primarily eat fruit, leaves, and insects. Most lemuroids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 40 mature individuals to 5,000. Most lemuroid species are at risk of extinction, with 45 species categorized as endangered, and a further 32 species categorized as critically endangered.

Madagascar, with the coastal and some inland areas shaded
Range of all lemur species

The 107 extant species of Lemuroidea are divided into five families. Cheirogaleidae contains 41 dwarf, mouse, and fork-marked lemur species in five genera. Daubentoniidae contains a single species, the aye-aye. Indriidae contains nineteen woolly lemur and sifaka species in three genera. Lemuridae contains 21 ruffed, ring-tailed, bamboo, and other lemur species in five genera. Lepilemuridae contains 25 sportive lemur species in a single genus.

Dozens of extinct prehistoric lemuroid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1] At least 17 species and eight genera are believed to have become extinct in the 2,000 years since humans first arrived in Madagascar.[2][3] All known extinct species were large, ranging in weight from 10 to 200 kg (22 to 441 lb). The largest known subfossil lemur was Archaeoindris fontoynonti, a giant sloth lemur, which weighed more than a modern female gorilla. The extinction of the largest lemurs is often attributed to predation by humans and possibly habitat destruction.[2] Since all extinct lemurs were not only large (and thus ideal prey species), but also slow-moving (and thus more vulnerable to human predation), their presumably slow-reproducing and low-density populations were least likely to survive the introduction of humans.[2] Gradual changes in climate have also been blamed, and may have played a minor role; however since the largest lemurs also survived the climatic changes from previous ice ages and only disappeared following the arrival of humans, it is unlikely that climatic change was largely responsible.[2]

Conventions

[edit]
IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (32 species)
 EN Endangered (45 species)
 VU Vulnerable (24 species)
 NT Near threatened (1 species)
 LC Least concern (2 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (3 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the lemuroid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

[edit]
Main article: Taxonomy of lemurs

The superfamily Lemuroidea consists of five extant families: Cheirogaleidae, Daubentoniidae, Indriidae, Lemuridae, and Lepilemuridae. Cheirogaleidae contains 41 species in five genera. Daubentoniidae contains a single species. Indriidae contains nineteen species in three genera. Lemuridae contains 21 species in five genera. Lepilemuridae contains 25 lemur species in a single genus. There are additionally three families which went extinct prior to modern record-keeping: Archaeolemuridae, Megaladapidae, and Palaeopropithecidae, as well as an extinct genus in Lemuridae.

Family Archaeolemuridae† (monkey lemurs)

Family Cheirogaleidae

  • Genus Allocebus (hairy-eared dwarf lemur): one species
  • Genus Cheirogaleus (dwarf lemurs): ten species
  • Genus Microcebus (mouse lemurs): twenty-four species
  • Genus Mirza (giant mouse lemurs): two species
  • Genus Phaner (fork-marked lemurs): four species

Family Daubentoniidae

Family Indriidae

  • Genus Avahi (woolly lemurs): nine species
  • Genus Indri (indri): one species
  • Genus Propithecus (sifakas): nine species

Family Lemuridae

  • Genus Eulemur (true lemurs): twelve species
  • Genus Hapalemur (bamboo lemurs): five species
  • Genus Lemur (ring-tailed lemur): one species
  • Genus Pachylemur†: two extinct species
  • Genus Prolemur (greater bamboo lemur): one species
  • Genus Varecia (ruffed lemurs): two species

Family Lepilemuridae

  • Genus Lepilemur (sportive lemurs): twenty-five species

Family Megaladapidae† (koala lemurs)

Family Palaeopropithecidae† (sloth lemurs)

Lemuroidea  
Lemuroidea  

Daubentoniidae

Lepilemuridae

Cheirogaleidae

Lemuridae

Indriidae

There are two competing lemur phylogenies, one by Horvath et al. (top)[4] and one by Orlando et al. (bottom).[5]

Lemuroids

[edit]

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[6]

Family Cheirogaleidae

[edit]
Main article: Cheirogaleidae
Genus Allocebus – Petter-Rousseaux & Petter, 1967 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Hairy-eared dwarf lemur

Drawing of brown lemur

A. trichotis
(Günther, 1875) 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail[7]

Habitat: Forest[8]

Diet: Nectar, fruit, gum, leaves, honey, and insects[8] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[8]

Genus Cheirogaleus – Geoffroy, 1812 – ten species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Ankarana dwarf lemur


C. shethi
Frasier et al., 2016 		Northern Madagascar Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail[9]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[10]

Diet: Fruit[10] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[10]

Fat-tailed dwarf lemur

White lemur

C. medius
Geoffroy, 1812 		Southern, western, and northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 20–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 20–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[11]

Habitat: Forest[12]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, seeds, nectar, insects, and small vertebrates[11] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[12]

Furry-eared dwarf lemur

Brown lemur

C. crossleyi
Grandidier, 1870 		Scattered eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 22–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[13]

Habitat: Forest[14]

Diet: Nectar, fruit, leaves, and insects[13] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[14]

Greater dwarf lemur

Gray lemur

C. major
Geoffroy, 1812 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 16–27 cm (6–11 in) long, plus 19–31 cm (7–12 in) tail[15]

Habitat: Forest[16]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, and nectar, as well as insects small vertebrates, and honey[15] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[16]

Groves' dwarf lemur

Brown lemur

C. grovesi
McLain et al., 2017 		Southeastern Madagascar Size: 16–24 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 27–31 cm (11–12 in) tail[17]

Habitat: Forest[18]

Diet: 		 DD 


Unknown Population declining[18]

Lavasoa dwarf lemur


C. lavasoensis
Thiele, Razafimahatratra, & Hapke, 2013 		Southern Madagascar Size: 50–55 cm (20–22 in) long, including tail[19]

Habitat: Forest[20]

Diet: 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[20]

Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur


C. minusculus
Groves, 2000 		Central Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: Unknown[21]

Habitat: Forest[22]

Diet: Unknown[21] 		 DD 


Unknown Population declining[22]

Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur


C. andysabini
Lei et al., 2015 		Northern Madagascar Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 26–27 cm (10–11 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest[24]

Diet: 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[24]

Sibree's dwarf lemur


C. sibreei
Forsyth Major, 1896 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: Unknown[25]

Habitat: Forest[26]

Diet: Unknown[25] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[26]

Thomas' dwarf lemur

Drawing of gray lemur

C. thomasi
(Forsyth Major, 1894) 		Southeastern Madagascar Size: Unknown

Habitat: Forest[27]

Diet: Fruit and flowers[27] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[27]

Genus Microcebus – Geoffroy, 1834 – 24 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Anosy mouse lemur


M. tanosi
Rasoloarison, Weisrock, Yoder, Rakotondravony, & Kappeler, 2013 		Southeastern Madagascar Size: 10–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 11–15 cm (4–6 in) tail[28]

Habitat: Forest[29]

Diet: Fruit and insects[29] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[29]

Arnhold's mouse lemur


M. arnholdi
Louis et al., 2008 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail[30]

Habitat: Forest[31]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[31]

Bemanasy mouse lemur


M. manitatra
Hotaling et al., 2016 		Southeastern Madagascar Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail

Habitat: Forest[33]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[33]

Bongolava mouse lemur


M. bongolavensis
Olivieri et al., 2007 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[34]

Habitat: Forest[35]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[35]

Brown mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. rufus
Geoffroy, 1834 		Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 12 cm (5 in) tail[36]

Habitat: Forest[37]

Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, leaves, flowers, gum, nectar, and pollen[36] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[37]

Claire's mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. mamiratra
Andriantompohavana et al., 2006 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[38]

Habitat: Forest[39]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[39]

Danfoss's mouse lemur


M. danfossi
Olivieri et al., 2007 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[40]

Habitat: Forest[41]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[41]

Ganzhorn's mouse lemur


M. ganzhorni
Hotaling et al., 2016 		Southeastern Madagascar Size:

Habitat: Forest[42]

Diet: Fruit and insects[42] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[42]

Gerp's mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. gerpi
Radespiel et al., 2012 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail[43]

Habitat: Forest[44]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[44]

Golden-brown mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. ravelobensis
Zimmermann, Cepok, Rakotoarison, Zietemann, & Radespiel, 1998 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–18 cm (6–7 in) tail[45]

Habitat: Forest[46]

Diet: Gum, insect excretions, nectar, fruit, leaves, and animal matter[46] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[46]

Goodman's mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. lehilahytsara
Roos & Kappeler, 2005 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 11–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[47]

Habitat: Forest[48]

Diet: Fruit and insects[48] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[48]

Gray mouse lemur

Gray lemur

M. murinus
(J. F. Miller, 1777) 		Western and southern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[49]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[50]

Diet: Insects, as well as small reptiles, plants, leaves, fruit, and flowers[49] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[50]

Jolly's mouse lemur


M. jollyae
Louis et al., 2006 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–13 cm (5 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest[52]

Diet: Fruit[52] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[52]

MacArthur's mouse lemur


M. macarthurii
Radespiel et al., 2008 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[53]

Habitat: Forest[54]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[54]

Madame Berthe's mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. berthae
Rasoloarison, Goodman, & Ganzhorn, 2000 		Western Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail[55]

Habitat: Forest[56]

Diet: Honeydew, as well as gum, flowers, fruit, arthropods, and small vertebrates[55] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[56]

Margot Marsh's mouse lemur


M. margotmarshae
Andriantompohavana et al., 2006 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[30]

Habitat: Forest[57]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[57]

Marohita mouse lemur


M. marohita
Rasoloarison, Weisrock, Yoder, Rakotondravony, & Kappeler, 2013 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[28]

Habitat: Forest[58]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[58]

Jonah's mouse lemur


M. jonahi
Schüssler et al., 2020 		Northeastern Madagascar Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail[53]

Habitat: Forest[59]

Diet: Fruit and insects[59] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[59]

Northern rufous mouse lemur


M. tavaratra
(Rasoloarison, Goodman, & Ganzhorn, 2000) 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[60]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[61]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[61]

Nosy Boraha mouse lemur


M. boraha
Hotaling et al., 2016 		Northeastern Madagascar Size:

Habitat: Unknown[62]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 DD 


Unknown Population declining[62]

Pygmy mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. myoxinus
Peters, 1852 		Western Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[63]

Habitat: Forest[64]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, gums, and insects[63] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[64]

Reddish-gray mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. griseorufus
Kollman, 1910 		Southern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[47]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[65]

Diet: Fruit and gum, as well as flowers and arthropods[65] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[65]

Sambirano mouse lemur


M. sambiranensis
Rasoloarison et al., 2000 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[66]

Habitat: Forest[67]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[67]

Simmons' mouse lemur


M. simmonsi
Louis et al., 2006 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 14–15 cm (6 in) tail[68]

Habitat: Forest[69]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[69]

Genus Mirza – Gray, 1870 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Coquerel's giant mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. coquereli
Grandidier, 1867 		Western Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 23–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 31–32 cm (12–13 in) tail[70]

Habitat: Forest[71]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, and invertebrates, as well as small vertebrates[70] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[71]

Northern giant mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. zaza
Kappeler & Roos, 2005 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 23–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 26–29 cm (10–11 in) tail[72]

Habitat: Forest[73]

Diet: Fruit, insect secretions, and sap[73] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[73]

Genus Phaner – Gray, 1870 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur


P. electromontis
Groves & Tattersall, 1991 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[74]

Habitat: Forest[75]

Diet: 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[75]

Masoala fork-marked lemur

Grayscale drawing of lemurs

P. furcifer
Blainville, 1839 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[77]

Diet: Gum, as well as insects[76] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[77]

Pale fork-marked lemur

Brown lemur

P. pallescens
Groves & Tattersall, 1991 		Western Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 23–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 29–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest[79]

Diet: Sap and gum, as well as insects, insect secretions, fruit, flowers, and nectar[79] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[79]

Pariente's fork-marked lemur


P. parienti
Groves & Tattersall, 1991 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[74]

Habitat: Forest[80]

Diet: Gum[80] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[80]

Family Daubentoniidae

[edit]
Main article: Daubentoniidae
Genus Daubentonia – Geoffroy, 1795 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Aye-aye

Black lemur

D. madagascariensis
Gmelin, 1788 		Western and eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 36–44 cm (14–17 in) long, plus tail[81]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[82]

Diet: Fruit, nuts, and sap[81] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[82]

Family Indriidae

[edit]
Main article: Indriidae
Genus Avahi – Jourdan, 1834 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bemaraha woolly lemur


A. cleesei
Thalmann & Geissmann, 2005 		Western Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 26–37 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 29–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[84]

Diet: Buds and leaves[85] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[84]

Betsileo woolly lemur


A. betsileo
Andriantompohavana et al., 2007 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 25–34 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 28–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[86]

Diet: 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[86]

Eastern woolly lemur

Drawing brown lemur

A. laniger
Gmelin, 1788 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 30–45 cm (12–18 in) long plus tail[87]

Habitat: Forest[88]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[87] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[88]

Moore's woolly lemur


A. mooreorum
Lei et al., 2008 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 28–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 29–38 cm (11–15 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[90]

Diet: Leaves[90] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[90]

Peyrieras's woolly lemur


A. peyrierasi
Zaramody et al., 2006 		Southern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 26–32 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 28–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[92]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[92] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[92]

Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur


A. ramanantsoavani
Zaramody et al., 2006 		Southern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 27–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 26–39 cm (10–15 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[93]

Diet: 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[93]

Sambirano woolly lemur


A. unicolor
Thalmann & Geissmann, 2000 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 31–36 cm (12–14 in) tail[94]

Habitat: Forest[95]

Diet: 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[95]

Southern woolly lemur


A. meridionalis
Zaramody et al., 2006 		Southern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 29–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 29–38 cm (11–15 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[96]

Diet: Leaves[96] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[96]

Western woolly lemur

Brown lemur

A. occidentalis
Liburnau, 1898 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 31–37 cm (12–15 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[98]

Diet: Leaves[97] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[98]

Genus Indri – Geoffroy & Cuvier, 1796 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Indri

Black and white lemur

I. indri
(Gmelin, 1788)

Two subspecies
  • I. i. indri
  • I. i. variegatus
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 60–90 cm (24–35 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2 in) tail[99]

Habitat: Forest[100]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers[99] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[100]

Genus Propithecus – Bennett, 1832 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Coquerel's sifaka

Brown and white lemur

P. coquereli
Grandidier, 1867 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 42–50 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 50–60 cm (20–24 in) tail[101]

Habitat: Forest[102]

Diet: Leaves, seeds, flowers, fruit, and bark[103] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[102]

Crowned sifaka

Brown and white lemur

P. coronatus
H. Milne-Edwards, 1871 		Western Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 56 cm (22 in) tail[104]

Habitat: Forest[105]

Diet: Flowers and leaves, as well as fruit[105] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[105]

Diademed sifaka

Brown and gray lemur

P. diadema
Bennett, 1832 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 45–55 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 43–56 cm (17–22 in)[106]

Habitat: Forest[107]

Diet: Leaves, flowers, fruit, and shoots[106] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[107]

Golden-crowned sifaka

Brown lemur

P. tattersalli
Simons, 1988 		Northern lemur
Map of range 		Size: About 48 cm (19 in) long, plus about 39 cm (15 in) tail[108]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[109]

Diet: Seeds, fruit, leaves, and flowers, as well as bark[108] 		 CR 


4,000–5,000 Population declining[109]

Milne-Edwards's sifaka

Black lemur

P. edwardsi
Grandidier, 1871 		Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 42–52 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 41–48 cm (16–19 in) tail[110]

Habitat: Forest[111]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, seeds, and flowers[110] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[111]

Perrier's sifaka

Black lemur

P. perrieri
Lavauden, 1931 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 49 cm (19 in) long, plus tail[112]

Habitat: Forest[113]

Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[112] 		 CR 


125 Population declining[113]

Silky sifaka

White lemur

P. candidus
Grandidier, 1871 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 48–54 cm (19–21 in) long, plus 45–51 cm (18–20 in) tail[114]

Habitat: Forest[115]

Diet: Leaves, seeds, fruit, and flowers, as well as bark and soil[114] 		 CR 


250 Population declining[115]

Verreaux's sifaka

Black and white lemur

P. verreauxi
Grandidier, 1867 		Southwestern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 45–55 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 43–56 cm (17–22 in) tail[116]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[117]

Diet: Leaves, bark, and flowers, as well as fruit[116] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[117]

Von der Decken's sifaka

Black and white lemur

P. deckenii
Grandidier, 1867 		Western Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 45 cm (18 in) tail[118]

Habitat: Forest[119]

Diet: Leaves[119] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[119]

Family Lemuridae

[edit]
Main article: Lemuridae
Genus Eulemur – Simons & Rumpler, 1988 – twelve species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black lemur

Black lemur

E. macaco
(Linnaeus, 1766) 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tail[120]

Habitat: Forest[121]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, nectar, leaves, bark, soil, and ants[120] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[121]

Blue-eyed black lemur

Black lemur

E. flavifrons
Gray, 1867 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 39–45 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 51–65 cm (20–26 in) tail[122]

Habitat: Forest[123]

Diet: Fruit and leaves[123] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[123]

Collared brown lemur

Brown lemurs

E. collaris
Geoffroy, 1817 		Southern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 39–40 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[124]

Habitat: Forest[125]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, young leaves, and insects[125] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[125]

Common brown lemur

Brown lemur

E. fulvus
Geoffroy, 1796 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 41–51 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 41–51 cm (16–20 in) tail[126]

Habitat: Forest[127]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers, fruit, and bark[128] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[127]

Crowned lemur

Brown lemur

E. coronatus
(Gray, 1842) 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 34 cm (13 in) long, plus about 45 cm (18 in) tail[129]

Habitat: Forest[130]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves[129] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[130]

Gray-headed lemur

Brown and gray lemur

E. cinereiceps
Grandidier & A. Milne-Edwards, 1890 		Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 39–41 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[131]

Habitat: Forest[132]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, leaves, nectar, fungi, and insects[131] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[132]

Mongoose lemur

Gray lemur

E. mongoz
(Linnaeus, 1766) 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 35 cm (14 in) long, plus about 48 cm (19 in) tail[133]

Habitat: Forest[134]

Diet: Flowers, pollen, fruit, and leaves[133] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[134]

Red lemur

Brown lemur

E. rufus
(Audebert, 1799) 		Northwestern lemur
Map of range 		Size: About 38 cm (15 in) long, plus 49–51 cm (19–20 in)[135]

Habitat: Forest[136]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, insects, and arthropods[135] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[136]

Red-bellied lemur

Brown lemur

E. rubriventer
Geoffroy, 1850 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 36–42 cm (14–17 in) long, plus 46–54 cm (18–21 in) tail[137]

Habitat: Forest[138]

Diet: Flowers, fruits and leaves, as well as invertebrates[137] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[138]

Red-fronted lemur

Gray and brown lemur

E. rufifrons
Bennett, 1833 		Southwestern and southeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 30 cm (12 in) long, plus about 50 cm (20 in) tail[139]

Habitat: Forest[140]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, buds, and flowers, as well as invertebrates[139] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[140]

Sanford's brown lemur

Brown lemur

E. sanfordi
Archbold, 1932 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 38–40 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[141]

Habitat: Forest[142]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, and invertebrates[142] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[142]

White-headed lemur

Brown and white lemur

E. albifrons
Geoffroy, 1796 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 40 cm (16 in) long, plus about 50 cm (20 in) tail[143]

Habitat: Forest[144]

Diet: Fruit and flowers[144] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[144]

Genus Hapalemur – Geoffroy, 1851 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Eastern lesser bamboo lemur

Gray lemur

H. griseus
Link, 1795 		Western and eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 28–30 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 35–37 cm (14–15 in) tail[145]

Habitat: Forest[146]

Diet: Bamboo, as well as grass, fruit, and leaves[147] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[146]

Golden bamboo lemur

Brown lemur

H. aureus
Meier, Albignac, Peyriéras, Rumpler, & Wright,, 1987 		Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 34 cm (13 in) long, plus about 41 cm (16 in) tail[148]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[149]

Diet: Bamboo, as well as grass, leaves, fruit, fungi, and soil[148] 		 CR 


50–250 Population declining[149]

Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur

Brown lemur

H. alaotrensis
Rumpler, 1975 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 40 cm (16 in) long, plus tail[150]

Habitat: Inland wetlands[151]

Diet: Marsh plants[151] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[151]

Southern lesser bamboo lemur

Gray lemur

H. meridionalis
Warter, Randrianasolo, Dutrillaux, & Rumpler, 1987 		Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[152]

Habitat: Forest[153]

Diet: Grass, pith, stems, and leaves, as well as fruit[153] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[153]

Western lesser bamboo lemur

H. occidentalis
Rumpler, 1975
Map of range 		Size: 27–28 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 36–39 cm (14–15 in) tail[154]

Habitat: Forest[155]

Diet: Fruit, bamboo, flowers, fungi, and soil[155] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[155]

Genus Lemur – Linnaeus, 1758 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Ring-tailed lemur

Brown, black, and gray lemur

L. catta
Linnaeus, 1758 		Southwestern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 39–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 56–63 cm (22–25 in) tail[156]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and caves[157]

Diet: Omnivorous, including fruit, leaves, stems, flowers, sap, spiders, spider webs, chameleons, insects, small birds, and termite mounds[156] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[157]

Genus Prolemur – Gray, 1871 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Greater bamboo lemur

Brown lemur

P. simus
Gray, 1871 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 40–45 cm (16–18 in) long, plus 43–48 cm (17–19 in) tail[158]

Habitat: Forest[159]

Diet: Bamboo shoots and pith, as well as flowers, leaves, soil, and fruit[158] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[159]

Genus Varecia – Gray, 1863 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black-and-white ruffed lemur

Black and white lemur

V. variegata
Kerr, 1792

Three subspecies
  • V. v. editorum (Hill's ruffed lemur)
  • V. v. subcincta (White-belted black-and-white ruffed lemur)
  • V. v. variegata (Black-and-white ruffed lemur)
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 60–61 cm (24–24 in) tail[145]

Habitat: Forest[160]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, and nectar[161] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[160]

Red ruffed lemur

Black and brown lemur

V. rubra
(Geoffroy, 1812) 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 50 cm (20 in) long, plus about 60 cm (24 in) tail[162]

Habitat: Forest[163]

Diet: Fruit, nectar, and pollen, as well as leaves and seeds[162] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[163]

Family Lepilemuridae

[edit]
Main article: Lepilemuridae
Genus Lepilemur – Geoffroy, 1851 – 25 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
AEECL's sportive lemur

Brown and gray lemur

L. aeeclis
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 28–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[164]

Habitat: Forest[165]

Diet: Leaves[165] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[165]

Ahmanson's sportive lemur


L. ahmansoni
Louis et al., 2006 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[166]

Habitat: Forest[167]

Diet: Leaves[167] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[167]

Ankarana sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. ankaranensis
Rumpler, 1975 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail[168]

Habitat: Forest[169]

Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as latex[169] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[169]

Betsileo sportive lemur


L. betsileo
Louis et al., 2006 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 33 cm (13 in) tail[170]

Habitat: Forest[171]

Diet: Leaves and flowers[170] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[171]

Daraina sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. milanoii
Louis et al., 2006 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 24–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[172]

Habitat: Forest[173]

Diet: Leaves[173] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[173]

Fleurete's sportive lemur


L. fleuretae
Louis et al., 2006 		Southern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 28–37 cm (11–15 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[174]

Habitat: Forest[175]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers[175] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[175]

Gray-backed sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. dorsalis
Gray, 1870 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 23–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 26–28 cm (10–11 in) tail[176]

Habitat: Forest[177]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers, fruit, and bark[176] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[177]

Grewcock's sportive lemur


L. grewcocki
Louis et al., 2006 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 29–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 26–30 cm (10–12 in) tail[178]

Habitat: Forest[179]

Diet: 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[179]

Hawks' sportive lemur

Brown lemur

L. tymerlachsoni
Louis et al., 2006 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 28–41 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 22–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[180]

Habitat: Forest[181]

Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit and bark[181] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[181]

Holland's sportive lemur


L. hollandorum
Ramaromilanto et al., 2009 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Forest[182]

Diet: Leaves[182] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[182]

Hubbard's sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. hubbardi
Louis et al., 2006 		Southwestern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 28–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[183]

Habitat: Forest[184]

Diet: Leaves[184] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[184]

James' sportive lemur


L. jamesi
Louis et al., 2006 		Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 32–35 cm (13–14 in) long, plus 28–32 cm (11–13 in) tail[185]

Habitat: Forest[186]

Diet: 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[186]

Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. edwardsi
Forsyth Major, 1894 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 27–29 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 27–29 cm (11–11 in) tail[187]

Habitat: Forest[188]

Diet: Leaves, as well as seeds, flowers, and fruit[187] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[188]

Northern sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. septentrionalis
Rumpler & Albignac, 1975 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus 25 cm (10 in) tail[189]

Habitat: Forest[190]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[189] 		 CR 


40 Population declining[190]

Otto's sportive lemur


L. otto
Craul, Zimmermann, Rasoloharijaona, Randrianambinina, & Radespiel, 2007 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Forest[191]

Diet: 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[191]

Petter's sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. petteri
Louis et al., 2006 		Southern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 27–29 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 22–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[183]

Habitat: Forest[192]

Diet: Leaves[192] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[192]

Randrianasolo's sportive lemur

Brown lemur

L. randrianasoloi
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017 		Western Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 29 cm (11 in) long, plus about 28 cm (11 in) tail[193]

Habitat: Forest[194]

Diet: Leaves, as well as pollen, seeds, fruit, flowers, and bark[193] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[194]

Red-tailed sportive lemur

Gray and brown lemur

L. ruficaudatus
Grandidier, 1867 		Southwestern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail[195]

Habitat: Forest[196]

Diet: Fruit and leaves[196] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[196]

Sahamalaza sportive lemur

Brown lemur

L. sahamalaza
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017 		Northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: About 26 cm (10 in) long, plus about 27 cm (11 in) tail[197]

Habitat: Forest[198]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, spiders, and insects[198] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[198]

Scott's sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. scottorum
Lei et al., 2008 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 31–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 25–30 cm (10–12 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[199]

Diet: Leaves[199] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[199]

Seal's sportive lemur


L. seali
Louis et al., 2006 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 32–38 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 24–38 cm (9–15 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[200]

Diet: 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[200]

Small-toothed sportive lemur

Brown lemur

L. microdon
Forsyth Major, 1894
Map of range 		Size: 27–32 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 28–32 cm (11–13 in) tail[201]

Habitat: Forest[202]

Diet: Leaves[202] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[202]

Weasel sportive lemur

Drawing of brown lemur

L. mustelinus
Geoffroy, 1851 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 22–29 cm (9–11 in) tail[203]

Habitat: Forest[204]

Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, flowers, and bark[203] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[204]

White-footed sportive lemur

Gray and brown lemur

L. leucopus
Forsyth Major, 1894 		Southern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 24–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 21–26 cm (8–10 in) tail[205]

Habitat: Forest[206]

Diet: Leaves and vines, as well as flowers and fruit[205] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[206]

Wright's sportive lemur


L. wrighti
Louis et al., 2006 		Southern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 31–38 cm (12–15 in) long, plus 23–28 cm (9–11 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[207]

Diet: Leaves[207] 		 EN 


2,000 Population declining[207]

Extinct species

[edit]
Main article: Subfossil lemur

All known extinct lemurs from Madagascar are known from recent, subfossil remains.[208] Conditions for fossilization were not ideal on the island, so little is known about ancestral lemur populations. All known extinct lemurs are thought to have died out after the arrival of humans.

Extinct species
Scientific name Common name Family Estimated size Extinction date References
Archaeoindris fontoynonti Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 160–200 kg (350–440 lb) 350 BCE [209][210][211]
Archaeolemur edwardsi Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 15–25 kg (33–55 lb) 1047–1280 CE [212][213]
Archaeolemur majori Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 15–25 kg (33–55 lb) 1047–1280 CE [212][213]
Babakotia radofilai Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 16–20 kg (35–44 lb) 3050 BCE[c] [209][210]
Daubentonia robusta Giant aye-aye Daubentoniidae 14 kg (31 lb) 891–1027 CE [214][215]
Hadropithecus stenognathus Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 27–35 kg (60–77 lb) 444–772 CE [212][213]
Megaladapis edwardsi Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [216][217]
Megaladapis grandidieri Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [216][217]
Megaladapis madagascariensis Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [216][217]
Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [209][210]
Mesopropithecus globiceps Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [209][210]
Mesopropithecus pithecoides Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [209][210]
Pachylemur insignis Pachylemur Lemuridae 11.5 kg (25 lb) 680–960 BCE [218]
Pachylemur jullyi Pachylemur Lemuridae 13 kg (29 lb) Holocene [218]
Palaeopropithecus ingens Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 25–50 kg (55–110 lb) 1300–1620 CE [209][210]
Palaeopropithecus kelyus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 35 kg (77 lb) Late Quaternary [3]
Palaeopropithecus maximus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 25–50 kg (55–110 lb) 1300–1620 CE [209][210]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Fossilworks: Lemuroidea". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d Mittermeier, pp. 50–51
  3. ^ a b Gommery, D.; Ramanivosoa, B.; Tombomiadana-Raveloson, S.; Randrianantenaina, H.; Kerloc'h, P. (2009). "A new species of giant subfossil lemur from the North-West of Madagascar (Palaeopropithecus kelyus, Primates)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 8 (5): 471–480. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2009.02.001.
  4. ^ Horvath, J. E.; Weisrock, D. W.; Embry, S. L.; Fiorentino, I.; Balhoff, J. P.; Kappeler, P.; Wray, G. A.; Willard, H. F.; Yoder, A. D. (2008). "Development and application of a phylogenomic toolkit: Resolving the evolutionary history of Madagascar's lemurs" (PDF). Genome Research. 18 (3): 489–499. doi:10.1101/gr.7265208. PMC 2259113. PMID 18245770.
  5. ^ Orlando, L.; Calvignac, S.; Schnebelen, C.; Douady, C. J.; Godfrey, L. R.; Hänni, C. (2008). "DNA from extinct giant lemurs links archaeolemurids to extant indriids". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (121): 121. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..121O. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-121. PMC 2386821. PMID 18442367.
  6. ^ Wilson, Reeder, pp. 114–120
  7. ^ Drury, Chad (2002). "Allocebus trichotis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Frasier, C. L.; Bezandry, N.; Sefczek, T. M.; Bailey, C. A.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Mittermeier, J.; Réné De Roland, L. A. (2020). "Allocebus trichotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T868A115559302. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T868A115559302.en.
  9. ^ Frasier, C.; Lei, R.; McLain, A.; Taylor, J.; Bailey, C.; Ginter, A.; Nash, S.; Randriamampionona, R.; Groves, C.; Mittermeier, R.; Louis, E. (2016). "A New Species of Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus medius Group) from the Ankarana and Andrafiamena-Andavakoera Massifs, Madagascar". Primate Conservation. 30: 59–72.
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