List of national days of mourning (before 2000)
This is a list of national days of mourning before 2000. It does not include annual remembrance events.
17th century
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1649 | 2 | Death of Duarte de Bragança, senhor de Vila do Conde | [1] |
![]() | 1653 | 30 | Death of Teodósio, Prince of Brazil | [2] |
![]() | 1656/8 | 730 | Death of King John IV of Portugal | 2 years of mourning (1 year full mourning, 1 year half mourning).[3] |
![]() | 1666/8 | 730 | Death of Queen-consort Luisa de Guzmán | 2 years of mourning (1 year full mourning, 1 year half mourning).[4] |
![]() | 1690/1 | 365 | Death of Isabel Luísa, Princess of Beira | One year of mourning (6 months full mourning, 6 months half mourning).[5] |
18th century
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1706 | 365 | Death of Catherine of Braganza, Queen-consort of England, Scotland and Ireland and Infanta of Portugal | [6] |
![]() | 1706/8 | 730 | Death of King Peter II of Portugal | 2 years of mourning (1 year full mourning, 1 year half mourning).[7] |
![]() | 1750/2 | 730 | Death of King John V of Portugal | 2 years of mourning (1 year full mourning, 1 year half mourning).[8] |
![]() | 1754/5 | 180 | Death of Queen-consort Maria Anna of Austria | [9] |
![]() | 1777/8 | 365 | Death of King Joseph I of Portugal | 1 year of mourning (6 months full mourning, 6 months half mourning).[10] |
![]() | 1781 | 180 | Death of Queen-consort Mariana Victoria of Spain | 6 months of mourning (3 months full mourning, 3 months half mourning).[11] |
![]() | 1786/7 | 365 | Death of King-consort Peter III of Portugal | One year of mourning (6 months full mourning, 6 months half mourning).[12] |
![]() | 1788/9 | 180 | Death of José, Prince of Brazil | [13] |
19th century
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1816/7 | 365 | Death of Queen Maria I of Portugal | One year of mourning (6 months full mourning, 6 months half mourning).[14] |
![]() | 1826/7 | 365 | Death of King John VI of Portugal | [15] |
![]() | 1830 | 180 | Death of Queen-consort Carlota Joaquina of Spain | [16] |
![]() | 1834/5 | 180 | Death of King Peter IV of Portugal | [17] |
![]() | 1853/4 | 180 | Death of Queen Maria II of Portugal | 6 months of mourning (3 months full mourning, 3 months half mourning).[18] |
![]() | 1861 | 1 | Death of PM of Italy Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour | [19] |
![]() | 1861/2 | 180 | Death of King Peter V of Portugal | 6 months of mourning (3 months full mourning, 3 months half mourning).[20] |
![]() | 1865 | 1 | Assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln | A National Day of Mourning was held on June 1.[21][22] |
![]() | 1881 | 1 | Death of U.S. President James A. Garfield | [23] |
![]() | 1888 | At least 1 | Death of German Emperor William I | [24] |
![]() | 1889/90 | 90 | Death of King Luís I of Portugal | 3 months of mourning (1,5 month full mourning, 1,5 month half mourning).[25] |
![]() | 1890 | 1 | Death of King William III | [26] |
20th century
[edit]1900s
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1901 | 11 | Death of Queen Victoria | |
![]() | 1901 | 1 | Assassination of U.S. President William McKinley | [27] |
![]() | 1908 | 120 | Victims of the Lisbon Regicide | 4 months of mourning (2 months full mourning, 2 months half mourning).[28] |
1910s
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1910 | 30 | Death of British King Edward VII | 15 days full mourning, 15 days half mourning.[29] |
1920s
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1922 | At least 1 | Assassination of German Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau | [24] |
![]() | 1923 | 1 | Death of U.S. President Warren G. Harding | [30] |
![]() | 1923 | 1 | Death of Guerra Junqueiro | [31] |
![]() | 1924 | 1 | Death of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin | [32][33] |
![]() | 1924 | 1 | Death of Teófilo Braga | [34] |
![]() | 1924 | At least 1 | Death of former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson | Wilson called for an independent Polish state in his 1918 Fourteen Points statement.[35] |
![]() | 1924 | 1 | Death of Sacadura Cabral | [36] |
![]() | 1925 | At least 5 | Death of President Friedrich Ebert | [37] |
![]() | 1925 | 1 | Death of João Chagas | [38] |
![]() | 1929 | At least 1 | Death of German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann | [24] |
1930s
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1934 | 1 | Death of former Queen consort Emma | [39] |
![]() | 1934 | 1 | Assassination of Interior Minister Bronisław Pieracki | Public shows, concerts, and games were suspended.[40] |
![]() | 1934 | 1 | Death of Duke Henry, prince consort | [41] |
![]() | 1934 | At least 5 | Death of President Paul von Hindenburg | [42][43] |
![]() | 1934 | 180 | Assassination of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia | The general folk mourning lasted six months, the deepest until October 25, and the deep until November 21. A number of cultural and musical events were canceled as a sign of respect.[44][45] |
![]() | 1935 | 3 | Death of Polish statesman Józef Piłsudski | Public shows, concerts, and games were suspended.[46] |
![]() | 1936 | 8 | Death of King George V | |
![]() | 1937 | 7 | Death of former President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk | [47] |
![]() | 1938 | At least 1 | Death of Armenian Catholic Archbishop of Lviv Józef Teodorowicz | [35] |
![]() | 1939 | 9 | Death of Pope Pius XI | [48] |
![]() | 1 | On February 14, the day of the Pope's funeral declared a day of national mourning and a day off from work. Flags lowered to mid-mast on all government and public buildings. Schools, offices and theaters were closed.[49][50] | ||
![]() | The Irish flag was flown at half-mast over government buildings, on other public buildings in the capital and throughout the country. Theatres were closed, dance postponed and cinemas shut down as a mark of respect.[51] |
1940s
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1941 | 3 | Death of former King of Spain Alfonso XIII | [52] |
![]() | [53] | |||
![]() | 1943 | 3 | Collapse of the Battle of Stalingrad | A period of three days' national mourning was ordered, with places of entertainment closed and all wireless stations playing solemn music, yet the newspapers were forbidden black margins and no flags were to be flown at half mast.[54][page needed] |
![]() | 1943 | 26 | Death of Polish Prime Minister-in-Exile Władysław Sikorski | It was the longest period of mourning in Poland's history.[55][35] |
![]() | 1944 | 1 | Death of former Shah of Iran Reza Shah | July 31 declared a day of national mourning. All government and business offices closed.[56] |
![]() | 1944 | 15 | Collapse of the Warsaw Uprising | [57][35] |
![]() | 1945 | 3 | Death of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt | [58] |
![]() | [59] | |||
![]() | 1 | April 14, the day of the president's funeral was a day of national mourning. Offices, theaters, cinemas, bars were closed and sporting events and concerts were canceled.[60][61] | ||
![]() | 1945 | 3 | Death of Chancellor of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler | Portugal was the only country to declare national mourning for Hitler's death.[62][63][64] |
![]() | 1947 | 90 | Death of King George II of Greece | [65] |
![]() | 1948 | 13 | Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi | Entertainment events canceled. Theaters, entertainment venues and bars were closed. Schools and public offices were closed on the day of the funeral.[66] |
![]() | 1949 | 5 | Death of Prime Minister of Greece Themistoklis Sofoulis | [67] |
1950s
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1950 | 1 | Death of Secretary General of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party Ren Bishi | The then Funeral Committee recommended that entertainment activities be stopped on the day of the memorial service on October 30 and the flag be lowered to half mast.[68] |
![]() | 1951 | 15 | Death of President of Portugal Óscar Carmona | National mourning lasted from April 18 to May 2.[69] |
![]() | [70] | |||
![]() | 7 | [70] | ||
![]() | 3 | [70] | ||
![]() | [71] | |||
![]() | 1 | [72] | ||
![]() | [72] | |||
![]() | 1951 | 1 | Death of former Queen-consort Amélie of Orléans | [73] |
![]() | 1952 | 9 | Death of King George VI | As the news of the King's death spread, all cinemas and theatres closed, and BBC programmes were cancelled except for news bulletins. Flags in every town were at half-mast, and sports fixtures were cancelled. On February 15, the day of the funeral was declared a public holiday. All businesses, schools and offices were closed for the day[74][75] |
![]() | 1 | [76] | ||
![]() | February 15 is the day of the official national mourning. Public offices and schools were closed on that day.[77] | |||
![]() | [78] | |||
![]() | [79] | |||
![]() | [76] | |||
![]() | 1952 | 30 | Death of First Ladies of Argentina Eva Perón | Many theaters, cinemas, restaurants, and businesses were closed for days.[80] |
![]() | 1953 | 1 | Victims of the North Sea flood of 1953 (watersnoodramp) | [81] |
![]() | 1953 | 4 | Death of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin | The television broadcast a program commemorating the deceased leader, and the radio broadcast the music of mourning. Theaters, cinemas and entertainment venues were closed, concerts and sports games were cancelled.[82] |
![]() | Theaters, cinemas and entertainment venues closed.[83] | |||
![]() | Theaters, cinemas and entertainment venues closed. | |||
![]() | 3 | [84] | ||
![]() | 1 | Entertainment venues were closed.[85][35] | ||
![]() | Theaters, cinemas and entertainment venues closed. | |||
![]() | Theaters, cinemas and entertainment venues closed. | |||
![]() | ||||
![]() | 1953 | 5 | Death of President Klement Gottwald | Theater performances cancelled, entertainment venues closed, mourning music was played by radio stations.[47] |
![]() | 1954 | At least 1 | Death of former President Julio Acosta García | [78] |
![]() | 1954 | 8 | Death of President Getúlio Vargas | |
![]() | 3 | National mourning on August 25–27. Flags lowered half-mast.[86] | ||
![]() | 1955 | 5 | Death of Prime Minister of Greece Alexandros Papagos | [87] |
![]() | 1956 | 4 | Death of former President Bolesław Bierut | Theaters, cinemas and entertainment venues closed, radio stations played classical music.[88][35] |
![]() | 1956 | 1 | Victims of the Marcinelle mining disaster | [89][90] |
![]() | 1957 | 30 | Death of President of the Philippines Ramon Magsaysay | [91] |
![]() | 1957 | 5 | Death of President Antonín Zápotocký | [47] |
![]() | 1958 | 10 | Death of Pope Pius XII | [92] |
![]() | 9 | [93] | ||
![]() | 3 | Schools and places of entertainment were closed.[93] | ||
![]() | [94] | |||
![]() | [92] | |||
![]() | 1959 | 1 | Death of Rubén Odio Herrera | [78] |
1960s
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1960 | 3 | Death of President of East Germany Wilhelm Pieck | [95] |
![]() | 1962 | 1 | Death of former Queen Wilhelmina | It was decided that the flags should be hung in half mast, that theater and cinema performances and sports competitions should be canceled, that in public places music should only be heard softly and that it should come from one of the Dutch radio or television channels.[96] |
![]() | 1962 | 1 | Death of Alfredo González Flores | [78] |
![]() | 1963 | 3 | Death of President of Israel Yitzhak Ben-Zvi | [97] |
![]() | [98] | |||
![]() | At least 2 | Entertainment venues closed, cultural and entertainment events canceled. The radio played quiet and mournful music.[99][100] | ||
![]() | 1 | 24 February day of national mourning.[98] | ||
![]() | 1963 | 10 | Death of Pope John XXIII | [101] |
![]() | 9 | [102] | ||
![]() | [103] | |||
![]() | 3 | Schools and places of entertainment were closed.[104] | ||
![]() | [105] | |||
![]() | [106] | |||
![]() | [107] | |||
![]() | 1 | [108] | ||
![]() | 1963 | 3 | Victims of Hurricane Flora | [109] |
![]() | 1963 | 30 | Assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy | [110] |
![]() | 8 | [111] | ||
![]() | [111] | |||
![]() | [111] | |||
![]() | 7 | [110][112] | ||
![]() | [112] | |||
![]() | 5 | [111][78] | ||
![]() | 3 | Public offices and schools were closed.[113] | ||
![]() | Flags on public buildings and ships will be flown at half-mast. The national mourning will end on the evening of 25 November. Following another decision by the Prime Minister, public offices, banks, the stock exchange, and other state offices have remained closed as of 11:00 hours this morning.[112] | |||
![]() | From all governmental buildings on all levels–national and local–flags flew at half-mast. The entertainment venues have closed.[114][110] | |||
![]() | During this period, flags of all government buildings and installations throughout the Philippines shall be flown at half-mast.[115] | |||
![]() | [110] | |||
![]() | [111] | |||
![]() | [116] | |||
![]() | [116] | |||
![]() | [116] | |||
![]() | [116] | |||
![]() | [116] | |||
![]() | [117] | |||
![]() | All kinds of entertainment and social functions have been suspended, witch the national flag at half-mast during the 23rd, 24th and 25 November of this month.[118] | |||
![]() | [112] | |||
![]() | At least 1 | [112] | ||
![]() | 1 | Federal agencies and departments were closed. Following the official announcement of President Kennedy's death, all three commercial networks suspended their regular programming and commercials for the first time in the short history of television and ran coverage on a non-stop basis for four days. Many schools, offices, place of entertainment, stores, and factories in the US have closed. The ones that were open scheduled a minute of silence.[119] | ||
![]() | The flag was hung in half mast on government buildings. Municipalities and provinces were called to do the same and to give up "public entertainment" and music in the streets.[120] | |||
![]() | Businesses, shops and schools were closed.[121] | |||
![]() | [116] | |||
![]() | [117] | |||
![]() | [116] | |||
![]() | Flags are at half-mast on all public buildings, and artistic or cultural performances scheduled for today have been postponed. Cinemas and cabarets are also closed today.[112] | |||
![]() | [112] | |||
![]() | [112] | |||
![]() | [112] | |||
![]() | 1963 | 21 | Death of Prime Minister of Thailand Sarit Thanarat | |
![]() | 1964 | 90 | Death of Paul of Greece | [122] |
![]() | 1964 | 3 | Death of head of state and chairman of the presidium of the national assembly of Bulgaria Dimitar Ganev | [123] |
![]() | 1964 | 12 | Death of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru | [124] |
![]() | 7 | [125] | ||
![]() | 1 | [125] | ||
![]() | 1964 | 4 | Death of Polish head of state Aleksander Zawadzki | [126][35] |
![]() | 1964 | At least 1 | Death of Eulogio Rodriguez | [127] |
![]() | 1965 | 3 | Death of former Prime Minister Winston Churchill | [128] |
![]() | [129] | |||
![]() | At least 1 | [130] | ||
![]() | 1965 | 5 | Death of General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and President of the State Council Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej | [131] |
![]() | 1965 | At least 1 | Victims of the Tragedy in Choluteca | [78] |
![]() | 1967 | 3 | Death of former Chancellor of Germany Konrad Adenauer | [132] |
![]() | 1967 | 1 | Victims of the L'Innovation Department Store fire | [89][90] |
![]() | 1967 | 3 | Death of Che Guevara | [133] |
![]() | 1968 | 1 | Death of Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin | This was the 1st time in Soviet history that a day of mourning was declared for someone who was not a head of state.[134][32] |
![]() | 1968 | 1 | Assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. | [135] |
![]() | 1968 | 1 | Assassination of U.S. presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy | [136] |
![]() | 1969 | 2 | Death of Prime Minister Levi Eshkol | Flags across the country were brought to half mast and all places of entertainment were closed.[137] |
![]() | 1969 | 1 | Death of former U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower | Federal agencies and departments were closed.[138][139] |
![]() | 1969 | 1 | Death of former President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Joseph Kasa-Vubu | The day of the funeral was a day of national mourning. Cinemas, shops, restaurants, factories and offices were closed.[140][141] |
![]() | 1969 | 13 | Death of President of India Zakir Husain | [142] |
![]() | 1969 | 7 | Assassination of Minister of Justice Tom Mboya | [143][144] |
![]() | 1969 | 8 | Death of Vietnam leader Ho Chi Minh |
1970s
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1970 | 4 | Death of former Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar | The national mourning days were from 27 to 30 July. Closing all public institutions on the day of the funeral, except for services which, by their nature, cannot be interrupted and suspension of public screening on the date of publication of this decree and on the day of the funeral.[145] |
![]() | 3 | [146] | ||
![]() | 1970 | 40 | Death of President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser | When the news of President Nasser's death came, all TV and radio stations interrupted their programming and broadcast Quran recitations and mourning songs. Theaters, cinemas, shops, schools and offices closed until the funeral on October 1.[147][148] |
![]() | 3 | [149][150] | ||
![]() | [151] | |||
![]() | At least 3 | [150] | ||
![]() | 1 | October 1 was the day of national mourning.[152] | ||
![]() | [151] | |||
![]() | 1970 | 1 | Death of former President of France Charles de Gaulle | As part of the national mourning, radio and television stations abandoned their regular programs in favor of those with a solemn cast. On Thursday, the day of the funeral, cinemas, theaters, schools and public offices were closed.[153] |
![]() | 1971 | 30 | Death of former President Carlos P. Garcia | [154] |
![]() | 1972 | 1 | Victims of the Derry massacre in Northern Ireland | [155] |
![]() | 1972 | 1 | Victims of Bangladesh Liberation War | [citation needed] |
![]() | 1972 | 3 | Death of former President of Ghana Kwame Nkrumah | [156] |
![]() | 1972 | 3 | Victims of the 1972 Nicaragua earthquake | [157] |
![]() | At least 1 | [78] | ||
![]() | 1972 | 1 | Death of former U.S. President Harry S. Truman | Federal agencies and departments were closed.[158][159] |
![]() | 1973 | 1 | Death of former U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson | Federal agencies and departments were closed.[160][161] |
![]() | 1973 | 1 | Death of Chairman of the State Council Walter Ulbricht | [162] |
![]() | 1973 | 1 | Death of President of Chile Salvador Allende | Chilean President Allende was killed in a coup d'état. The day was declared a national day of mourning, and all entertainments were stopped.[163] |
![]() | 1973 | 1 | Death of Abebe Bikila | [164][165] |
![]() | 1973 | 3 | Assassination of Prime Minister of Spain Luis Carrero Blanco | All public buildings are closed.[166] |
![]() | 1974 | 1 | Death of President of France Georges Pompidou | On Saturday, April 6, it was a day of national mourning. On this day, theaters, cinemas, concert halls and schools were closed.[167][168] |
![]() | 1974 | 8 | Death of President of Argentina Juan Perón | [169] |
![]() | 7 | [170] | ||
![]() | 3 | [171] | ||
![]() | [172] | |||
![]() | [173] | |||
![]() | [174] | |||
![]() | 1974 | 1 | Victims of the Zagreb train disaster | [175] |
![]() | 1974 | 1 | Death of President Ireland Erskine Hamilton Childers | Thursday, November 21, is the official day of national mourning.[176] |
![]() | 1975 | 30 | Death of President of Taiwan Chiang Kai-shek | All entertainment venues and clubs have closed.[177] |
![]() | 1975 | 1 | Death of former Taoiseach and President of Ireland Éamon de Valera | Normal programs were canceled in favor of somber funeral music and programs relating to Mr. de Valera's life. Irish television also carried special programs.[178][179] |
![]() | 1975 | 20 | Death Caudillo of Spain Francisco Franco | Flags went to half staff on public buildings, radio and television stations broadcast religious or classical music and all theaters closed until Monday.[180][181] |
![]() | 3 | The revolutionary government of Cuba ordered official mourning for three days. Since Thursday, flags have flown with half of the staff across Cuba.[182][183] | ||
![]() | 1976 | 2 | Death of national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam | Parliament of India also observed a minute of silence in his honour.[184] |
![]() | 1976 | 7 | Death of Premier of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai | All entertainment and music activities are suspended and theaters are closed.[185] |
![]() | 1976 | 9 | Death of Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong | All entertainment, music and dancing are forbidden. Theaters and other venues are closed.[186][187] |
![]() | [187] | |||
![]() | [187] | |||
![]() | [187] | |||
![]() | 7 | All entertainment and music activities are suspended and theaters are closed.[185] | ||
![]() | [187] | |||
![]() | [188] | |||
![]() | 3 | [187] | ||
![]() | [187] | |||
![]() | 1 | September 13 was declared a day of national mourning.[189] | ||
![]() | September 18, the day of the funeral – the day of national mourning.[190] | |||
![]() | 1977 | 7 | Death of Queen Alia of Jordan | [191] |
![]() | 1977 | 13 | Death of President of India Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed | Schools and offices closed.[192][193] |
![]() | 1977 | 3 | Death of President of Cyprus and Archbishop of Cyprus Makarios III | [194][195] |
![]() | 1977 | 3 | Victims of the crash of TAP Air Portugal Flight 425 | [196] |
![]() | 1977 | 3 | Death of former Emir Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani | [197] |
![]() | 1978 | 40 | Death of Emir Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah | [198] |
![]() | 1978 | 9 | Death of Pope Paul VI | [199] |
![]() | [200] | |||
![]() | 7 | [200] | ||
![]() | 4 | [201] | ||
![]() | 3 | [200] | ||
![]() | [202] | |||
![]() | [203] | |||
![]() | [204] | |||
![]() | 1 | 27 November day of mourning[205] | ||
![]() | 1978 | 30 | Death of President of Kenya Jomo Kenyatta | When the president's death was announced, all national flags were lowered half-mast, all shops were closed, most workplaces were closed, and workers were sent home. Public entertainment events were canceled for the duration of national mourning.[206] |
![]() | 1978 | 9 | Death of Pope John Paul I | [207] |
![]() | 3 | [208] | ||
![]() | [209] | |||
![]() | [210] | |||
![]() | 1978 | 40 | Death of President of Algeria Houari Boumédiène | Radio stations began to play mourning songs at the time of the president's death.[211][212] |
![]() | 1979 | 3 | Death of Prime Minister Mashiur Rahman | He was given a state funeral, being buried with full honours including a 19-gun salute[213] |
![]() | 1979 | At least 1 | Death of former Vice President Raúl Blanco Cervantes | [78] |
![]() | 1979 | 40 | Death of Prime Minister Ahmed Ould Bouceif in a plane crash | [214] |
![]() | 1979 | 7 | Assassination of former viceroy of India Louis Mountbatten | National flags to fly at half staff and canceled all official receptions during the mourning period.[215] |
![]() | 3 | [216] | ||
![]() | 1979 | 45 | Death of first President of Angola Agostinho Neto | The Angolan government has called for a 45-day period of mourning for its lost leader, during which all festivals, cultural events and sports are to be banned.[217][218] |
![]() | 1979 | 3 | Death of Former President Ludvík Svoboda | [47] |
1980s
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1980 | 3 | Victims of 1980 Azores Islands earthquake | [196] |
![]() | 1980 | 7 | Death of President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito | Sports competitions, concerts were canceled, theaters, cinemas, places of entertainment and clubs were closed, television broadcast programs commemorating the deceased leader and the radio played funeral music[219][220] |
![]() | [186] | |||
![]() | [221] | |||
![]() | [221] | |||
![]() | [222] | |||
![]() | ||||
![]() | ||||
![]() | 5 | |||
![]() | 4 | The Pakistani government announced a nationwide mourning from May 5 to 8. All flags were lowered half-mast due to the death of Comrade Tito. Radio and TV stations only broadcast classical and spiritual music.[222] | ||
![]() | Flags on government buildings and many homes have been lowered to mid-mast, and classical music is broadcast by radio stations. President Tito's funeral day was a day of general mourning, and no work was done on that day in Cyprus. | |||
![]() | [222] | |||
![]() | 3 | [221] | ||
![]() | [222] | |||
![]() | ||||
![]() | ||||
![]() | ||||
![]() | ||||
![]() | ||||
![]() | ||||
![]() | At least 3 | Zambia's President Kenneth Kaunda announced a national mourning for several days after President Tito's death. During the mourning, all cultural and entertainment events were suspended, and only classical and spiritual music was broadcast on radio and television stations. The national flag of Zambia was lowered to half mast across the country.[222] | ||
![]() | 2 | In Angola, a two-day national mourning was announced after the death of President Tito. Across the country, flags were lowered to mid-mast, and all cultural, sporting and other entertainment events were canceled.[222] | ||
![]() | [222] | |||
![]() | At least 1 | [78] | ||
![]() | [222] | |||
![]() | ||||
![]() | 1980 | 5 | Death of Prime Minister Francisco de Sá Carneiro and Minister Adelino Amaro da Costa | On December 6, all public establishments were closed, except for services which, due to their nature, must continue to operate.[196] |
![]() | 1981 | 8 | Death of President Jaime Roldós Aguilera | President killed in a plane crash.[223] |
![]() | At least 1 | [78] | ||
![]() | 1981 | 4 | Death of Primate of Poland Stefan Wyszyński | The Government declared a period of national mourning through Saturday, with flags at half-staff, theaters and movie houses closed, and subdued programming on radio and television.[35][224] |
![]() | 1981 | 40 | Assassination of President of Bangladesh Ziaur Rahman | [225] |
![]() | 1981 | 1 | Death of Soong Ching-ling | On the day of the funeral ceremony, which took place on June 3, the national flag was abandoned to mourning, and entertainment activities were suspended for one day.[226] |
![]() | 1981 | 5 | Victims of the 1981 Iranian Prime Minister's office bombing | President of Iran Mohammad-Ali Rajai, Prime Minister of Iran Mohammad-Javad Bahonar and other killed of bombing. Afterwards, the interim presidential council announced five national days of mourning.[227] |
![]() | 1981 | 40 | Assassination of President Anwar Sadat | [228] |
![]() | 3 | [196] | ||
![]() | At least 1 | [78] | ||
![]() | 1982 | 40 | Death of King Khalid of Saudi Arabia | [229] |
![]() | [229] | |||
![]() | 14 | [230] | ||
![]() | 3 | Shops and offices closed for three days of mourning.[230] | ||
![]() | [229] | |||
![]() | 1982 | 7 | Death of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev | [231] |
![]() | 5 | All sporting events have been canceled through Monday, when the mourning period ends. Schools will be closed on the day of the funeral and artillery salvoes are to be fired here and in other major cities. The television broadcast a program commemorating the deceased leader, and the radio broadcast the music of mourning.[232] | ||
![]() | 4 | [186] | ||
![]() | [186] | |||
![]() | [233] | |||
![]() | [233] | |||
![]() | 3 | [234] | ||
![]() | [186] | |||
![]() | [186] | |||
![]() | [186] | |||
![]() | [233] | |||
![]() | 1 | [235] | ||
![]() | On November 15, the day of the funeral was declared a day of national mourning. Flags lowered half-mast.[236] | |||
![]() | 1983 | 1 | Victims of the shootdown of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 over the Sea of Japan | [237] |
![]() | [78] | |||
![]() | 1983 | At least 1 | Death of Raúl Hess Estrada | [78] |
![]() | 1983 | At least 1 | Death of former King Leopold III of Belgium | [78] |
![]() | 1983 | 5 | Cuban victims of United States invasion of Grenada | [238] |
![]() | 1984 | 7 | Death of Soviet leader Yuri Andropov | [239] |
![]() | 4 | Theaters, cinemas and entertainment venues were closed. Schools were closed on the day of the funeral[240][32] | ||
![]() | [241] | |||
![]() | 3 | Canceled all official entertainment.[241] | ||
![]() | 2 | [242] | ||
![]() | [186] | |||
![]() | [243] | |||
![]() | 1 | [78] | ||
![]() | [235] | |||
![]() | 1984 | 40 | Death of President Ahmed Sékou Touré | [244] |
![]() | 1984 | 13 | Assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi | National mourning from October 31 to November 11. In times of mourning, flags were flown at half-mast on all government, state, and public buildings, and all entertainment and cultural events were canceled. Public offices have been closed.[245][246] |
![]() | 3 | [247][248] | ||
![]() | 1 | [249] | ||
![]() | 1985 | 3 | Death of Soviet leader Konstantin Chernenko | Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday were declared official days of mourning for the dead leader, entertainment venues and theaters closed, with all elementary and secondary schools closed on Wednesday, the day of the funeral.[250][251] |
![]() | [252] | |||
![]() | [252] | |||
![]() | [253] | |||
![]() | [254] | |||
![]() | 2 | [255] | ||
![]() | 1 | [256] | ||
![]() | [235] | |||
![]() | 1985 | 7 | Death of Albanian leader Enver Hoxha | Cinemas, theaters and places of entertainment were closed, the radio was playing funeral music.[257] |
![]() | 1985 | 8 | Death of President-elect of Brazil Tancredo Neves | [258] |
![]() | 1985 | 14 | Death of President of Guyana Forbes Burnham | All government functions will be canceled. Many stores, restaurants and theaters have remained closed since government radio announced Burnhan's death.[259] |
![]() | 1985 | 3 | Victims of Moimenta-Alcafache train crash | [196] |
![]() | 1986 | 3 | Assassination of Prime Minister of Sweden Olof Palme | [260] |
![]() | [261] | |||
![]() | 2 | The day after the murder on March 1 and the funeral day on March 15 are days of unofficial mourning, but these days, flags flew at half staff around the country, church bells pealed, theatres canceled performances and television and radio statiaons recast their programs.[262][263] | ||
![]() | 1 | [261] | ||
![]() | 1986 | 5 | Death of General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Lê Duẩn | [264][265][266] |
![]() | 1986 | 60 | Victims of the 1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash | Nine passengers and one crew member survived the crash, but President Samora Machel and 33 others died, including ministers and officials of the Mozambican government.[267] |
![]() | 3 | [268] | ||
![]() | [196] | |||
![]() | 1987 | 10 | Death of Senator Jose Diokno | [269] |
![]() | 1987 | 1 | Victims of the USS Stark incident | [270] |
![]() | 1987 | 4 | Death of former Prime Minister Choudhary Charan Singh | [271] |
![]() | 1987 | 12 | Assassination of Jaime Ferrer | [272] |
![]() | 1988 | 30 | Death of President Chiang Ching-kuo | All entertainment venues and clubs have closed.[273] |
![]() | 1988 | 10 | Death of President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq | [274] |
![]() | 7 | [274] | ||
![]() | 3 | National mourning on August 19–21.[275] | ||
![]() | 1988 | 1 | Victims of the 1988 Armenian earthquake | This was the 1st time in Soviet history that a day of mourning was declared for a disaster.[32] |
![]() | 1988 | 1 | Death of Joaquin Roces | [276] |
![]() | 1989 | 3 | Death of Emperor of Japan Hirohito | On January 8, 9 and February 24, the day of the state funeral of Emperor Hirohito, was a day of national mourning. TV and radio stations interrupted programs to broadcast information on the death of the emperor. Places of entertainment, night clubs were closed and concerts were canceled, companies and schools were closed on the day of the state funeral.[277][278] |
![]() | [196] | |||
![]() | 1989 | 40 | Death of Supreme Leader of Iran Ruhollah Khomeini | As a mark of respect, Iran's government ordered all schools closed Sunday and declared 40 days of mourning and said schools would be closed for five days.[279][280][281] |
![]() | 10 | [282] | ||
![]() | 7 | [282] | ||
![]() | 3 | [282] | ||
![]() | Cancelled official entertainment and ordering flags flown at half-staff.[283] | |||
![]() | [282] | |||
![]() | 1989 | 1 | Victims of the Ufa train disaster | This was the last instance of national mourning before the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991.[284][32] |
1990s
[edit]Country | Year | Days | Reason | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1990 | 1 | Victims of the Romanian Revolution | Over 1,110 fatalities. January 12 was a day of national mourning to commemorate the victims of the revolution.[285] |
![]() | 1990 | 2 | Death of former President Sandro Pertini | [286] |
![]() | 1990 | At least 1 | Death of former President José Figueres Ferrer | [78] |
![]() | 1990 | 1 | Drowning of 10 service members in the river Varbitsa | [citation needed] |
![]() | 1991 | At least 2 | Death of King Olav V of Norway | From the day King Olav died until the funeral, the King's Flag was flown at half mast and mourning ribbons were attached. All churches all over Norway rang their bells, both the day after King Olav's death and the day he was buried. All school children in Norway were gathered in auditoriums that day and watched the funeral on national television. When the funeral was going on, all traffic in Norway was stopped. Schools were closed. All shops in Norway were closed in respect between 11am and 2pm on the day of the funeral.[287] |
![]() | 1991 | 7 | Assassination of former Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi | Closed government offices and schools.[288][289] |
![]() | 1991 | 1 | Victims of Santa Cruz massacre in East Timor | [196] |
![]() | 1992 | 3 | Death of Roberto D'Aubuisson | [290] |
![]() | 1992 | At least 1 | Death of former Senator Lorenzo M. Tañada | [291] |
![]() | 1992 | 1 | Victims of a tragedy at Sukhodilska–Skhidna coal mine | [292][293] |
![]() | 1992 | 7 | Assassination of High Council of State Mohamed Boudiaf | Flags flew at half-staff and the government announced that the July 5 celebration to mark Algeria’s independence from France 30 years ago had been canceled. Radio and television stations broadcast mourning programs. Cultural and entertainment events have been canceled.[294] |
![]() | 1992 | 1 | Death of former Chancellor of Germany Willy Brandt | [132] |
![]() | 1993 | 7 | Death of Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona | [295][296] |
![]() | 1993 | 4 | Death of President of Turkey Turgut Özal | State media switched to mourning music, sports, music events were canceled and flags were lowered to half-staff.[297][298] |
![]() | 3 | |||
![]() | ||||
![]() | 1993 | 5 | Assassination of President of Sri Lanka Ranasinghe Premadasa | A curfew was also introduced in connection with the murder of the president.[299] |
![]() | 1993 | At least 1 | Death of former Vice President Fernando H. Lopez | [300] |
![]() | 1993 | 9 | Death of King Baudouin of Belgium | [89][90] |
![]() | 1 | [301] | ||
![]() | 1993 | 1 | Victims of the 1993 Russian coup attempt | [302] |
![]() | 1993/4 | 30 | Death of President Félix Houphouët-Boigny | [303] |
![]() | 1993 | 1 | Death of Prime Minister of Hungary József Antall | [304] |
![]() | 1994 | 1 | Victims of the Markale massacres | [305] |
![]() | 1994 | 3 | Death of actress, singer, politician and former Minister for Culture Melina Mercouri | First official period of mourning in the Third Hellenic Republic.[306] |
![]() | 1994 | 1 | The killing of 10 Belgian soldiers during the Rwandan Civil War | [89][90] |
![]() | 1994 | 1 | Death of former U.S. President Richard Nixon | Federal agencies and departments were closed.[307][308] |
![]() | 1994 | 3 | Death of Formula One driver Ayrton Senna | [309] |
![]() | 1994 | 10 | Death of North Korean President Kim Il Sung | Official mourning period. All entertainment and music activities suspended, theaters closed for the period of mourning.[310] |
1994–97 | 1,097 | Total mourning period.[311] | ||
![]() | 1994 | 1 | Death of Benjamín Núñez Vargas | [78] |
![]() | 1994 | 1 | Victims of the Sinking of the MS Estonia | 285 Estonian citizens were killed. Many schools and businesses announced they were closing for several days. Radio stations played calm and gloomy music.[312][313][314][315] |
![]() | 10 Finnish citizens were killed.[313][314] | |||
![]() | 501 Swedish citizens were killed.[313][314] | |||
![]() | 1994 | 7 | Death of former President Zail Singh | [316] |
![]() | 1994 | 1 | Death of Manuel Mora Valverde | [78] |
![]() | 1995 | 7 | Death of former Prime Minister Morarji Desai | [317] |
![]() | 1995 | 1 | Victims of the Oklahoma City bombing | [318] |
![]() | 1995 | 1 | Victims of the 1995 Neftegorsk earthquake | [319] |
![]() | 1995 | 1 | Victims of the Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis | [320] |
![]() | 1995 | 1 | 14 soldiers killed in a vehicle crash in Sofia | [citation needed] |
![]() | 1995 | 3 | Assassination of Prime Minister of Israel Yitzhak Rabin | [321] |
![]() | 2 | November 5 and 6 are days of official national mourning. Theaters, cinemas and places of entertainment were closed for two days official mourning. 30 days of Jewish mourning from the day of the funeral.[322][323][324] | ||
![]() | 1996 | 3 | Death of Julià Reig Ribó | [325] |
![]() | 1996 | 3 | Death of former President of France François Mitterrand | [326] |
![]() | 1 | [327] | ||
![]() | 1996 | 7 | Death of former President Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy | [328] |
![]() | 1996 | 4 | Death of former Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou | [329] |
![]() | 1996 | 3 | Death of Patriarch Parthenius III of Alexandria | [329] |
![]() | 1996 | 3 | Death of Francesc Escudé i Ferrero | [330] |
![]() | 1996 | 1 | Victims of the "terrorist attack against government agencies and residents" during the Battle of Grozny | [331] |
![]() | 1996 | 2 | Death of former President António de Spínola | [196] |
![]() | 1996 | 8 | Death of former President Ernesto Geisel | [321] |
![]() | 1996 | 1 | Victims of the 1996 Rostov Oblast bus-train crash [ru] | [332] |
![]() | 1996 | 3 | Victims of the 1996 Guatemala stadium disaster | [333] |
![]() | At least 1 | [78] | ||
![]() | 1996 | 1 | Victims of the Kaspiysk apartment building bombing | [334] |
![]() | 1997 | 1 | Victims of the Israeli helicopter disaster | February 6 was declared an official day of mourning. Theaters and cinemas were closed, radio stations played classical music.[335][336] |
![]() | 1997 | 3 | Death of Mário Henrique Simonsen | [321] |
![]() | 1997 | 3 | Death of Darcy Ribeiro | [321] |
![]() | 1997 | 7 | Death of Deng Xiaoping | All entertainment and music activities are suspended and theaters are closed.[337] |
![]() | 1997 | 6 | Death of President of Guyana Cheddi Jagan | [338][339] |
![]() | 1997 | 1 | Death of Pio Giannotti | [321] |
![]() | 1997 | 1 | Death of Isaac Felipe Azofeifa | [78] |
![]() | 1997 | 1 | Victims of the 1997 Central European flood | Also known as the Millennium Flood in Poland.[35] |
![]() | 1997 | 3 | Victims of the 1997 Cariaco earthquake | [340] |
![]() | 1997 | 1 | Death of Diana, Princess of Wales | While not an official day of mourning, the Saturday of Diana's funeral brought the UK close to a standstill. Shops and banks were closed, sports events were postponed, and theatre and cinema showings were canceled.[128] |
![]() | 1997 | 1 | Victims of a mine accident in Bobov Dol | [citation needed] |
![]() | 1997 | 3 | Death of Mother Teresa | [341] |
![]() | 1 | [342][341] | ||
![]() | 1997 | 7 | Death of former President of Malawi Hastings Banda | [343] |
![]() | 1997 | 1 | Victims of a mine accident in Kemerovo Oblast | [344] |
![]() | 1998 | 3 | Death of former Prime Minister India Gulzarilal Nanda | [345] |
![]() | 1998 | 1 | Death of António Ribeiro | [196] |
![]() | 1998 | 3 | Death of Sérgio Motta | [321] |
![]() | 1998 | 3 | Death of Eduardo Magalhães | [321] |
![]() | 1998 | 1 | Victims of a tragedy at Skochinsky coal mine | [293][346] |
![]() | 1998 | 4 | Death of Seraphim of Athens | [329] |
![]() | 1998 | 3 | Death of former President of Greece and Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis | [347] |
![]() | 1998 | 1 | Victims of the Eschede train disaster | |
![]() | 1998 | 7 | Death of Head of State Nigeria Sani Abacha | [348][349] |
![]() | 1998 | 3 | Death of Lúcio Costa | [321] |
![]() | 1998 | 1 | Victims of the Swissair Flight 111 | 229 people died, including 48 Swiss citizens. September 5 was declared a day of mourning.[350] |
![]() | 1999 | 1 | Victims of the 1999 Deutschlandsberg bus crash | [304][351] |
![]() | 1999 | 67 | Deaths of King Hussein of Jordan and Emir Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa of Bahrain | Government offices closed for three days[352][353][354] |
![]() | 1999 | 3 | Death of King Hussein of Jordan | Shops were quickly shuttered, and school classes canceled. The government announced there would be three days of official mourning, during which all business would be halted, and then three months of customary Muslim mourning.[355] |
![]() | [356][352] | |||
![]() | [357] | |||
![]() | [358] | |||
![]() | [359] | |||
![]() | [353] | |||
![]() | [353] | |||
![]() | [321] | |||
![]() | 2 | [360] | ||
![]() | [352][353] | |||
![]() | National mourning on February 9 and 10. Flags lowered half-mast. February 9 was also announced a day off from work.[361] | |||
![]() | 1 | [362] | ||
![]() | 1999 | 90 | Death of Bahrain Emir Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa | Three months of national mourning. Government offices closed for five days.[363] |
![]() | 40 | [354] | ||
![]() | 7 | [354] | ||
![]() | 3 | [354] | ||
![]() | [354] | |||
![]() | [354] | |||
![]() | [354] | |||
![]() | [354] | |||
![]() | [354] | |||
![]() | [354] | |||
![]() | [354] | |||
![]() | 1 | [364] | ||
![]() | 1999 | 1 | Victims of the Samara police department fire [ru] | [365] |
![]() | 1999 | 1 | Victims of the 1999 Vladikavkaz bombing and a fire at a psychiatric hospital | [366] |
![]() | 1999 | 2 | Death of former Senate Republic Marcelo B. Fernan | [367] |
![]() | 1999 | 5 | Death of Vice President Joshua Nkomo | [368] |
![]() | 1999 | 3 | Death of Franco Montoro | [321] |
![]() | 1999 | 40 | Death of Morocco King Hassan II | After the king's death was announced, businesses, offices, and shops were closed across the country, and entertainment events were canceled.[369] |
![]() | The United Arab Emirates, whose leader Sheik Zayed al Nahyan was a close friend of Hassan, declared 40 days of mourning and ordered all public offices closed for three days starting Saturday.[370][371] | |||
![]() | 7 | Bahrain announced a seven-day mourning and ordered public offices closed on Saturday.[370][371] | ||
![]() | [372] | |||
![]() | 3 | [372] | ||
![]() | [370] | |||
![]() | [370] | |||
![]() | [370] | |||
![]() | [370] | |||
![]() | [373][370] | |||
![]() | [370] | |||
![]() | [370] | |||
![]() | [370] | |||
![]() | [370] | |||
![]() | [370] | |||
![]() | 2 | [196] | ||
![]() | 1999 | 3 | Death of Dom Hélder Câmara | [321] |
![]() | 1999 | 1 | Victims of the Russian apartment bombings | [374] |
![]() | 1999 | 3 | Death of Amália Rodrigues | [196] |
![]() | 1999 | 30 | Death of former President of Tanzania Julius Nyerere | [375] |
![]() | 2 | [376] | ||
![]() | 1999 | 3 | Victims of Armenian parliament shooting | Armenian Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan and Speaker of Parliament Karen Demirchyan were killed in the assassination.[377] |
![]() | 1999 | 3 | Death of President of Croatia Franjo Tuđman | Theaters, cafes, cinemas and entertainment venues are closed for three days of official mourning. Television and radio broadcast quiet and festive music. Schools and offices were closed on the day of the funeral.[378][379][380] |
![]() | 1999 | 3 | Death of former President João Figueiredo | [381][321] |
![]() | 1999 | 7 | Death of former President Shankar Dayal Sharma | [382] |
See also
[edit]- National day of mourning
- International day of mourning, a similar concept at the international level
- European Day of Mourning, a similar concept at the EU level
- Arab League Day of Mourning, a similar concept at the Arabian level
References
[edit]- ^ "Legislação Régia – 1648–1656 (1648–1674) – Colecção Legislação". legislacaoregia.parlamento.pt.
- ^ "Legislação Régia – 1648–1656 (1648–1674) – Colecção Legislação". legislacaoregia.parlamento.pt.
- ^ Basto, Artur de Magalhães (1936). "Luís de Sousa Couto, Artur de Magalhães Basto, Origem das procissões da cidade do Pôrto, p. 64".
- ^ "Legislação Régia – 1657–1674 (1648–1674) – Colecção Legislação". legislacaoregia.parlamento.pt.
- ^ "Legislação Régia – 1683–1700 (1675–1700) – Colecção Legislação". legislacaoregia.parlamento.pt.
- ^ Watkins, Sarah-Beth (March 8, 2018). Sarah-Beth Watkins, Catarina de Bragança, p. 47-48. Editorial Presença. ISBN 9789722361804.
- ^ "António Joaquim de Gouveia Pinto, Resumo chronologico de varios artigos de legislação patria, p. 47-48". 1818.
- ^ Guimarães, José Ribeiro (1872). "José Ribeiro Guimarães, Summario de varia historia: Narrativas, lendas, biographias..., p. 135".
- ^ "Nascimento de D. José I". antt.dglab.gov.pt/exposicoes-virtuais-2/nascimento-d-jose/. October 18, 2013.
- ^ "Simão José da Luz Soriano, Historia da guerra civil e do estabelecimento do governo parlamentar em Portugal, p. 213". 1866.
- ^ "Simão José da Luz Soriano, Historia da guerra civil e do estabelecimento do governo parlamentar em Portugal, p. 289". 1866.
- ^ "Joaquim Ferreira Alves, Cerimónias Fúnebres por D. Pedro III, p. 445" (PDF). ler.letras.up.pt.
- ^ "Indice chronologico dos pergaminhos e foraes existentes no archivo da Camara Municipal de Coimbra, p. 81". 1875.
- ^ "Legislação Régia – 1815–1816 (1815–1816) – Colecção Legislação". legislacaoregia.parlamento.pt.
- ^ "Arquivo Histórico Militar, Circular (minuta) do Ministério da Guerra para os generais das províncias sobre o luto por D. João VI". ahm-exercito.defesa.gov.pt/.
- ^ "Arquivo Histórico Militar, Correspondência do conde de São Lourenço para Francisco António Raposo e do visconde da Várzea para o conde de Barbacena, sobre a decisão do rei D. Miguel I de decretar seis meses de luto pela morte de sua mãe, D. Carlota Joaquina". ahm-exercito.defesa.gov.pt/.
- ^ Serrão, Joel (2002). Joel Serrão, António Henrique R. de Oliveira Marques, Portugal e a instauração do liberalismo, p. 539. Editorial Presença. ISBN 9789722329224.
- ^ "Legislação Régia – 1853 (1853) – Colecção Legislação". legislacaoregia.parlamento.pt.
- ^ Telesforo Sarti (1890). Il Parlamento subalpino e nazionale, profili e cenni biografici di tutti di deputati e senatori eletti e creati dal 1848 al 1890 (legislature XVI). p. 267.
- ^ "José Maria de Andrade Ferreira e Silva, Reinado e ultimos momentos de sua magestade fidelissima D. Pedro V, p. 64". 1862.
- ^ Johnson, Andrew (April 25, 1865). "The Obsequies; President Lincoln's Murder Planned in Canada. One of the Seward Assassins a St. Albans Robber. Official Day of Mourning Appointed. Progress of the Funeral Cortege from Philadelphia. Demonstrations of the People of New-Jersey. Reception of the Remains in this City..." The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved December 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "National Day of Mourning, June 1st, 1865. Abraham Lincoln, Died April 15, 1865". Library of Congress.
- ^ The President of the United States of America. "Proclamation 250—Day of Mourning for James A. Garfield". The American Presidency Project.
- ^ a b c "Official mourning through the ages". Domestic Protocol Office of the Federal Government.
- ^ "Legislação Régia – 1889 (1889) – Colecção Legislação". legislacaoregia.parlamento.pt.
- ^ "Dag van nationale rouw in de Nederlandse geschiedenis" [Day of national mourning in Dutch history]. IsGeschiedenis (in Dutch). March 16, 2012.
- ^ The President of the United States of America. "Proclamation 465—Announcing the Death of William McKinley". The American Presidency Project.
- ^ "Legislação Régia – 1908 (1908) – Colecção Legislação". legislacaoregia.parlamento.pt.
- ^ "Legislação Régia – 1910 (1910-1) – Colecção Legislação". legislacaoregia.parlamento.pt.
- ^ The President of the United States of America. "Proclamation—Death of Honorable Warren Gamaliel Harding, President of the United States of America". The American Presidency Project.
- ^ "Death of Portuguese Head". dre.pt. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "Траурные дни в России (1993–2011 гг) Справка". ria.ru (in Russian). July 11, 2011.