List of wars involving Russia
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History of Russia |
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This is a list of wars and armed conflicts involving Russia and its predecessors in chronological order, from the 9th to the 21st century.
The Russian military and troops of its predecessor states in Russia took part in a large number of wars and armed clashes in various parts of the world: starting from the princely squads, opposing the raids of nomads, and fighting for the expansion of the territory of Kievan Rus'. Following the disintegration of Kievan Rus', the emergence of the Principality of Moscow and then the centralized Russian state saw a period of significant territorial growth of the state centred in Moscow and then St. Petersburg during the 15th to 20th centuries, marked by wars of conquest in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, the Volga region, Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East, the world wars of the early 20th century, the proxy wars of the Cold War, and today.
The list includes:
- external wars
- foreign intervention in domestic conflicts
- anti-colonial uprisings of the peoples conquered during the Russian expansion
- princely feuds
- peasant uprisings
- revolutions
Legend of results:
Kievan Rus'
Date | Conflict | Location | Rus and its allies | Opponent(s) | Result |
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830s | Paphlagonian expedition of the Rusʹ | Rus' Khaganate | ![]() | Victory[a] | |
860 | Siege of Constantinople (860) | Rus' Khaganate | ![]() | Victory[a] | |
907 | Rus'–Byzantine War (907) | Kievan Rus' | ![]() | Victory[1] | |
920–1036 | Rus'–Pecheneg campaigns | Kievan Rus' | Pechenegs | Various results; eventually victory | |
941 | Rus'–Byzantine War (941) | Kievan Rus' | ![]() | Defeat | |
944/945 | Rus'-Byzantine War (944/945) | Kievan Rus' | ![]() | Victory[2] | |
964–965 | Sviatoslav's campaign against Khazars | Kievan Rus' | Khazar Khaganate | Victory
| |
967/968–971 | Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria | Kievan Rus' | ![]() | Defeat | |
981 | Vladimir the Great's campaign on Cherven Cities | Kievan Rus' | ![]() | Victory | |
985 | Vladimir the Great's campaign against Volga Bulgaria | Kievan Rus' | Volga Bulgaria | Military victory, then agreement | |
987 | Rus'–Byzantine War (987) | Kievan Rus' | ![]() | Military victory and agreement
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1022 | Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest | Kievan Rus' | ![]() | Defeat | |
1024 | Rus'–Byzantine War (1024) | Kievan Rus' | ![]() | Defeat | |
1030 | Yaroslav the Wise's campaign against Chud | Kievan Rus' | Chud | Victory
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1030–1031 | Yaroslav the Wise's campaign on Cherven Cities | Kievan Rus' | ![]() | Victory | |
1042–1228 | Finnish–Novgorodian wars | Kievan Rus' (until 1136) | Baltic Finnic peoples of Fennoscandia (Yem people) | Various results, mostly victories
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1043 | Rus'–Byzantine War (1043) | Kievan Rus' | ![]() | Defeat | |
1055–1223 | Rus'–Cuman campaigns | Kievan Rus' | Cumans | Various results, mostly victories | |
1061 | Sosols raid against Pskov | Kievan Rus' | Sosols | Defeat
| |
1132–1445 | Swedish–Novgorodian Wars | Kievan Rus' (until 1136) | ![]()
| Stalemate after the Black Death | |
1147 | Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians | ![]() | Old Prussians | Victory | |
1203–1234 | Campaigns of Rus princes against the Order of the Sword (see also Livonian Crusade) | ![]() | Defeat | ||
1223–1240 | Mongol invasion of Rus'(see also List of Tatar and Mongol raids against Rus') | Mongol Empire | Decisive defeat
| ||
1240–1242 | Livonian campaign against Rus' (see also Northern Crusades) | Kievan Rus' | Victory
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1245 | Alexandr Nevsky Lithuanian campaign | Kievan Rus' | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Victory | |
1268 | Battle of Wesenberg | ![]() | Both sides claim victory |
Principality of Moscow (1263–1547)
Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)
Date | Conflict | Location | Russia and its allies | Opponent(s) | Result |
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1552 | Siege of Kazan | Tatarstan | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
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1552–1556 | Tatar Rebellion | Tatarstan | ![]() | Tatar rebels | Victory
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1554–1557 | Ivan the Terrible's Swedish War | Karelia | ![]() | ![]() | Inconclusive |
1556 | Russian conquest of Astrakhan | Astrakhan | ![]() | Astrakhan Khanate | Victory
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1558–1562 | Ivan the Terrible's Livonian Campaign | Livonia | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
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1562–1570 | Russo-Lithuanian War | Northern Europe | ![]() | Polish–Lithuanian union | Victory |
1558–1583 | Livonian War | Northern Europe | Defeat | ||
1568–1570 | Astrakhan Expedition | Astrakhan and Azov | ![]() | Victory
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1570–1572 | Ivan the Terrible's Crimean War | European Russia | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1580–1762 | Russian conquest of Siberia | Siberia | ![]()
| Khanate of Sibir (until 1598) Native Siberians | Victory
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1590–1595 | Boris Godunov's Swedish War | Northern Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Inconclusive
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1605–1618 | Polish invasions of Russia | Russia | ![]() | Defeat | |
1606–1607 | Bolotnikov Rebellion | Russia | ![]() | Rebels under Ivan Bolotnikov | Victory
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1610–1617 | Ingrian War | Russia | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat |
1632–1634 | Smolensk War | Smolensk | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat |
1651–1653 | Alexis I's Persian War | North Caucasus | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat |
1652–1689 | Sino–Russian border conflicts | Heilongjiang and Amur | Defeat | ||
1654–1667 | First Northern War | Eastern Europe | ![]() | Victory | |
1656–1658 | Second Northern War | Northern Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Inconclusive |
1662–1664 | First Bashkir Rebellion | Bashkortostan | ![]() | Bashkir rebels | Inconclusive; political defeat
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1670–1671 | Razin's Rebellion | Russia | ![]() | Cossacks under Stepan Razin | Victory
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1676–1681 | Feodor III's Turkish War | Ukraine | ![]() | Indecisive[20] | |
1683–1700 | Great Turkish War | Eastern Europe |
| Victory
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1700–1721 | Great Northern War | Europe |
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| Victory against Sweden |
Defeat by Ottoman Empire | |||||
1704–1711 | Third Bashkir Rebellion | Bashkortostan and Tatarstan | ![]() | Bashkir rebels | Military victory, political defeat
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1707–1708 | Bulavin Rebellion | Southern Russia | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
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1717 | Peter the Great's Khivan War | Khanate of Khiva | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat
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1717–1731 | War with Abulhair | Kazakhstan and Siberia | ![]() | Kazakh Khanate | Victory[21]
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Russian Empire (1721–1917)
Russian Republic (1917)
Date | Conflict | Location | Russia and its allies | Opponent(s) | Result |
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1917 | October Revolution | Russia | ![]() | Revolution succeeds
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