List of wars involving Russia

This is a list of wars and armed conflicts involving Russia and its predecessors in chronological order, from the 9th to the 21st century.

The Russian military and troops of its predecessor states in Russia took part in a large number of wars and armed clashes in various parts of the world: starting from the princely squads, opposing the raids of nomads, and fighting for the expansion of the territory of Kievan Rus'. Following the disintegration of Kievan Rus', the emergence of the Principality of Moscow and then the centralized Russian state saw a period of significant territorial growth of the state centred in Moscow and then St. Petersburg during the 15th to 20th centuries, marked by wars of conquest in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, the Volga region, Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East, the world wars of the early 20th century, the proxy wars of the Cold War, and today.

The list includes:

external wars
foreign intervention in domestic conflicts
anti-colonial uprisings of the peoples conquered during the Russian expansion
princely feuds
peasant uprisings
revolutions

Legend of results:

Victory

Defeat

Another result; for example, a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, indecisive, civil or internal conflict, or result unknown

Ongoing conflict

Kievan Rus'

Date	Conflict	Rus and its allies	Opponent(s)	Result
830s	Paphlagonian expedition of the Rusʹ	Rus' Khaganate	Byzantine Empire	Victory^[a]
860	Siege of Constantinople (860)	Rus' Khaganate	Byzantine Empire	Victory^[a]
907	Rus'–Byzantine War (907)	Kievan Rus'	Byzantine Empire	Victory^[1]
920–1036	Rus'–Pecheneg campaigns	Kievan Rus'	Pechenegs	Various results; eventually victory
941	Rus'–Byzantine War (941)	Kievan Rus'	Byzantine Empire	Defeat
944/945	Rus'-Byzantine War (944/945)	Kievan Rus'	Byzantine Empire	Victory^[2]
964–965	Sviatoslav's campaign against Khazars	Kievan Rus'	Khazar Khaganate	Victory Destruction of the Khazar Khaganate
967/968–971	Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria	Kievan Rus'	Byzantine Empire	Defeat
981	Vladimir the Great's campaign on Cherven Cities	Kievan Rus'	Duchy of Poland	Victory
985	Vladimir the Great's campaign against Volga Bulgaria	Kievan Rus'	Volga Bulgaria	Military victory, then agreement
987	Rus'–Byzantine War (987)	Kievan Rus'	Byzantine Empire	Military victory and agreement Baptism of Vladimir and further Christianization of Kievan Rus'
1022	Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest	Kievan Rus'	Duchy of Poland	Defeat
1024	Rus'–Byzantine War (1024)	Kievan Rus'	Byzantine Empire	Defeat
1030	Yaroslav the Wise's campaign against Chud	Kievan Rus'	Chud	Victory Estonian tribes start to pay tribute to Rus'
1030–1031	Yaroslav the Wise's campaign on Cherven Cities	Kievan Rus'	Duchy of Poland	Victory
1042–1228	Finnish–Novgorodian wars	Kievan Rus' (until 1136) Novgorod Republic	Baltic Finnic peoples of Fennoscandia (Yem people)	Various results, mostly victories The wars' effect on the Finns' society contributed to the eventual Swedish conquest of western Finland circa 1249
1043	Rus'–Byzantine War (1043)	Kievan Rus'	Byzantine Empire	Defeat
1055–1223	Rus'–Cuman campaigns	Kievan Rus'	Cumans	Various results, mostly victories
1061	Sosols raid against Pskov	Kievan Rus'	Sosols	Defeat Yaroslav the Wise's conquests in Estonia are lost
1132–1445	Swedish–Novgorodian Wars	Kievan Rus' (until 1136) Novgorod Republic	Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Norway (from 1319)	Stalemate after the Black Death
1147	Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians	Bolesław IV the Curly Kievan Rus'	Old Prussians	Victory
1203–1234	Campaigns of Rus princes against the Order of the Sword (see also Livonian Crusade)	Kievan Rus' Vladimir-Suzdal Principality of Polotsk Principality of Smolensk Novgorod Republic Grand Duchy of Lithuania Baltic peoples Baltic Finnic peoples	Livonian Brothers of the Sword Baltic Germans	Defeat The crusaders capture Baltic lands up to the borders of Kievan Rus' and Lithuania
1223–1240	Mongol invasion of Rus'(see also List of Tatar and Mongol raids against Rus')	Vladimir-Suzdal Kiev Galicia-Volhynia Novgorod Republic Smolensk Turov and Pinsk Rostov Chernigov Ryazan Pereyaslavl	Mongol Empire	Decisive defeat The principalities of the Kievan Rus' became vassals of the Mongol Empire
1240–1242	Livonian campaign against Rus' (see also Northern Crusades)	Kievan Rus' Vladimir-Suzdal Pskov Republic Novgorod Republic	Teutonic Order Livonian Order Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Denmark Duchy of Estonia	Victory Defeat of the Germans Peace with Prince Alexander Nevsky The waiving of claims on northern Rus'
1245	Alexandr Nevsky Lithuanian campaign	Kievan Rus' Vladimir-Suzdal Pskov Republic Novgorod Republic	Grand Duchy of Lithuania	Victory
1268	Battle of Wesenberg	Novgorod Republic Vladimir-Suzdal Pskov Republic	Denmark Duchy of Estonia Teutonic Order Livonian Order	Both sides claim victory

Principality of Moscow (1263–1547)

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1281–1293/4^[3]	Vladimir-Suzdal war of succession (1281–1293) [ru] Casus belli: death of Alexander Nevsky (1263).^[4] Duden's campaign [ru] (summer–autumn 1293) (part of the Tokhta–Nogai war)	Nogai forces^[5] Dmitry of Pereslavl^[5] Mikhail of Tver^[5] Daniel of Moscow^[5]	Tode Mongke (1281–1287)^[6] Tokhta forces^[5] Andrey of Gorodets^[5] Theodore the Black^[5] Rostov princes^[5]	Tokhta victory^[5] Vladimir, Moscow and Tver sacked, countryside devastated^[5]^[7] Dmitry of Pereslavl fled, died in 1294^[5] Andrey of Gorodets became indisputed Grand Prince of Vladimir^[5]
1296/8–1302^[3]	Struggle for Pereslavl-Zalessky^[3]	Daniel of Moscow^[3] Mikhail of Tver^[3] Tokhta^[3]	Andrey of Gorodets^[3] Theodore the Black^[3] Konstantin of Ryazan^[3]	Muscovite–Tverian victory^[3] Moscow sacked (1298)^[7] Moscow temporarily acquired Pereslavl-Zalessky (lost in 1340/1)^[3]
1305–1485	Muscovite–Tverian wars [uk; ru] (series of short wars, mixed with other conflicts)	Principality of Moscow	Principality of Tver	Victory Tver annexed by Moscow (1485)
1327	Tver Uprising of 1327 (part of the Muscovite–Tverian wars [uk; ru])	Golden Horde Ivan I Kalita of Moscow Alexander of Suzdal [uk; ru]	Principality of Tver Grand Principality of Vladimir^[b]	Golden Horde victory Aleksandr of Tver stripped of land holdings and later executed
1368–1372	Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–72) (part of the Great Troubles and the Muscovite–Tverian wars [uk; ru])	Principality of Moscow	Grand Duchy of Lithuania Principality of Tver	Inconclusive Treaty of Lyubutsk
1376	Muscovite–Volga Bulgars war (part of the Great Troubles)	Principality of Moscow	Volga Bulgaria	Victory
1377	Battle on Pyana River (part of the Great Troubles)	Principality of Moscow	Golden Horde	Defeat
1378	Battle of the Vozha River (part of the Great Troubles)	Principality of Moscow	Golden Horde	Victory
1380	Battle of Kulikovo (part of the Great Troubles^[8])	Rus' principalities:^[9] Principality of Moscow (Dmitri Donskoy) Principality of Beloozero Principality of Yaroslavl Principality of Rostov Principality of Starodub Principality of Mologa Principality of Kashin Princes from Vyazma and Dorogobuzh Part of Upper Oka Principalities Lithuanian princes of Polotsk and Bryansk in exile	Western part of the Golden Horde European mercenaries	Victory for the Rus' principalities coalition^[10] Moscow replaced Tver as the most prominent of the northeastern Rus' principalities^[10]
1382	Siege of Moscow (part of the aftermath of the Great Troubles)	Principality of Moscow	Golden Horde	Defeat^[11] Dmitri Donskoy forced to reaffirm allegiance to the Golden Horde, and resumed paying the tribute^[12]
1406–1408	Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1406–1408) [uk] (part of the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars)	Principality of Moscow	Grand Duchy of Lithuania	Hungarian Treaty [uk] (1 September 1408) Lithuania receives Principality of Smolensk and Upper Oka Principalities Muscovy receives the cities of Kozelsk, Lyubutsk and Peremyshl
1425–1453^[13]	Muscovite War of Succession^[14]	Younger Donskoy line Vasily II Vasilyevich Dmitry II Shemyaka (1434–9) Boris of Tver (c. 1438) Mäxmüd of Kazan (1445–8) Qasim Khan (1452–3)	Older Donskoy line Yury Dmitrievich (1425–34) Vasily Kosoy (1434–6) Ulugh of Kazan (1437–45) Dmitry II Shemyaka (1439; 1445–53) Ivan of Mozhaysk [ru; uk] (1447–53)	Vasily II victory^[13] Younger lineage of Dmitry Donskoy gained the Muscovite throne^[13]^[15]
1437–1445	Ulugh Muhammad's campaign (first Russo-Kazan war) (from Battle of Belyov to Battle of Suzdal) (connected with the Muscovite War of Succession)	Younger Donskoy line Vasily II Vasilyevich Dmitry II Shemyaka (1437–9)	Older Donskoy line Ulugh of Kazan Dmitry II Shemyaka (1439)	Ulugh victory Ulugh captured Vasily II Vasilyevich (1445) Ulugh's successor Mäxmüd made Vasily II his vassal Dmitry Shemyaka seized Moscow in Vasily II's absence
1467–1469	Qasim War	Grand Principality of Moscow Qasim Khanate	Khanate of Kazan	Victory Kazan released all ethnic Christian Russians enslaved in the preceding four decades^[16]
1471	Battle of Shelon	Grand Principality of Moscow	Novgorod Republic	Victory Novgorod Republic annexed by the Grand Principality of Moscow in 1478
1478	Siege of Kazan	Grand Principality of Moscow	Khanate of Kazan	Victory The Kazan Khan imprisoned and replaced by his half-brother
1480	Great Stand on the Ugra River	Grand Principality of Moscow	Golden Horde	Debated^[17]^[18] Traditional Russian historiography: Muscovite victory, and the end of the Mongol-Tatar yoke in Russia^[17]^[18] Modern Western scholarly historiography: Insignificant non-battle, embellished in later accounts; Moscow retained formal relations with Tatar khanates and continued paying tribute to the Crimean Khanate for decades^[17]^[18]
1480–1481	Russian-Livonian War (1480-1481)	Russia	Livonian Confederation	Victory
1485	Capture of Tver (1485) [ru] (part of the Muscovite–Tverian wars [uk; ru])	Grand Principality of Moscow	Principality of Tver	Victory Principality of Tver annexed by the Grand Principality of Moscow
1487–1494	First Muscovite-Lithuanian War	Grand Principality of Moscow	Grand Duchy of Lithuania	Victory
1495–1497	Russo-Swedish War	Grand Principality of Moscow	Sweden	Inconclusive
1500–1503	Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War	Grand Principality of Moscow	Grand Duchy of Lithuania Livonian Order	Victory
1505–1507	Russo-Kazan War	Grand Principality of Moscow	Khanate of Kazan	Inconclusive
1507–1508	Third Muscovite–Lithuanian War	Grand Principality of Moscow	Grand Duchy of Lithuania Crimean Khanate	Inconclusive
1512–1522	Fourth Muscovite–Lithuanian War	Grand Principality of Moscow Livonian Order	Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland Crimean Khanate	Victory
1534–1537	Fifth Muscovite–Lithuanian War	Grand Principality of Moscow	Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland Crimean Khanate	Inconclusive

Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)

Date	Conflict	Location	Russia and its allies	Opponent(s)	Result
1552	Siege of Kazan	Tatarstan	Russia	Khanate of Kazan	Victory The annexation of Kazan into Russia
1552–1556	Tatar Rebellion	Tatarstan	Russia	Tatar rebels	Victory The rebellion is crushed
1554–1557	Ivan the Terrible's Swedish War	Karelia	Russia	Sweden	Inconclusive Treaty of Novgorod
1556	Russian conquest of Astrakhan	Astrakhan	Russia	Astrakhan Khanate	Victory The annexation of Astrakhan into Russia
1558–1562	Ivan the Terrible's Livonian Campaign	Livonia	Russia	Livonian Confederation	Victory Destruction of the Livonian state Truce with Poland and Lithuania^[19]
1562–1570	Russo-Lithuanian War	Northern Europe	Russia	Polish–Lithuanian union	Victory
1558–1583	Livonian War	Northern Europe	Russia Livonia	Livonian Confederation Denmark–Norway Sweden Polish–Lithuanian union (after 1569, Poland-Lithuania	Defeat Truce of Jam Zapolski Treaty of Plussa
1568–1570	Astrakhan Expedition	Astrakhan and Azov	Russia	Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate	Victory Treaty of Constantinople (1570)
1570–1572	Ivan the Terrible's Crimean War	European Russia	Russia	Crimean Khanate	Victory The Crimean Tatars burn Moscow in 1571 The Russians defeat the Crimean Tatars at the Battle of Molodi in 1572 The independence of Russia and its conquests in the Volga region preserved
1580–1762	Russian conquest of Siberia	Siberia	Russia Cossacks Pro-Russian native Siberians	Khanate of Sibir (until 1598) Native Siberians	Victory The start of Russian annexation of Siberia
1590–1595	Boris Godunov's Swedish War	Northern Europe	Russia	Sweden	Inconclusive Treaty of Teusina Мutual territorial concessions
1605–1618	Polish invasions of Russia	Russia	Russia Sweden (1609–1610)	Poland–Lithuania	Defeat
1606–1607	Bolotnikov Rebellion	Russia	Russia	Rebels under Ivan Bolotnikov	Victory The rebellion is crushed
1610–1617	Ingrian War	Russia	Russia	Sweden	Defeat Treaty of Stolbovo
1632–1634	Smolensk War	Smolensk	Russia	Poland–Lithuania	Defeat Treaty of Polyanovka
1651–1653	Alexis I's Persian War	North Caucasus	Russia	Persia	Defeat
1652–1689	Sino–Russian border conflicts	Heilongjiang and Amur	Russia Cossacks	China Korea	Defeat Treaty of Nerchinsk
1654–1667	First Northern War	Eastern Europe	Russia Cossack Hetmanate	Poland-Lithuania Crimean Khanate	Victory Truce of Andrusovo
1656–1658	Second Northern War	Northern Europe	Russia	Sweden	Inconclusive Treaty of Valiesar Treaty of Cardis
1662–1664	First Bashkir Rebellion	Bashkortostan	Russia	Bashkir rebels	Inconclusive; political defeat The Russian government was forced to accept Bashkir demands
1670–1671	Razin's Rebellion	Russia	Russia	Cossacks under Stepan Razin	Victory The rebellion is crushed
1676–1681	Feodor III's Turkish War	Ukraine	Russia	Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate	Indecisive^[20] Treaty of Bakhchisarai
1683–1700	Great Turkish War	Eastern Europe	Russia (from 1686) Austria Poland–Lithuania Cossack Hetmanate	Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate	Victory Treaty of Constantinople Russia stops paying regular tribute to Crimea
1700–1721	Great Northern War	Europe	Russia Denmark–Norway (except 1700–1709) Saxony (except 1706–1709) Poland–Lithuania (except 1704–1709) Cossack Hetmanate (until 1708) Prussia (from 1715) Hanover (from 1715) Great Britain (1717–1719)	Sweden Holstein-Gottorp Poland-Lithuania (1704–1709) Ottoman Empire (1710–1714) Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09) Great Britain (1700, 1719–1921)	Victory against Sweden Treaty of Nystad
1700–1721	Great Northern War	Europe			Defeat by Ottoman Empire Treaty of the Pruth
1704–1711	Third Bashkir Rebellion	Bashkortostan and Tatarstan	Russia	Bashkir rebels	Military victory, political defeat Russian government forced to accept some Bashkir demands
1707–1708	Bulavin Rebellion	Southern Russia	Russia	Don Cossack rebels	Victory The rebellion is crushed
1717	Peter the Great's Khivan War	Khanate of Khiva	Russia	Khanate of Khiva	Defeat Russian invasion repelled
1717–1731	War with Abulhair	Kazakhstan and Siberia	Russia	Kazakh Khanate	Victory^[21] Minor Jüz becomes a Russian vassal

Russian Empire (1721–1917)

Date	Conflict	Location	Russia and its allies	Opponent(s)	Result
1722–1723	Persian Expedition of Peter the Great	Caucasus and northern Iran	Russia Cossack Hetmanate Armenia Georgia	Persia	Victory Treaty of Saint Petersburg
1725–1778	Russian conquest of Chukotka	Chukotka	Russia Chuvans Koryaks Yukagirs	Chukchi people	Inconclusive Attempts to impose a tribute failed in the long run. The Chukchi accepted the agreement on submission, while maintaining a high degree of autonomy.
1733–1738	War of the Polish Succession Rhineland	Poland	Poland under Augustus III Russia Austria Saxony Prussia	Poland–Lithuania under Stanisław Leszczyński France Spain Sardinia	Indecisive Treaty of Vienna
1735–1739	Russo-Austro-Turkish War	Eastern Europe	Russia Cossack Hetmanate Austria	Ottoman Empire Crimea	Victory Russian victory Austrian defeat Treaty of Niš
1735–1740	Fourth Bashkir Rebellion	Bashkortostan	Russia pro-Russian Bashkirs	Bashkir rebels	Victory The rebellion is crushed Establishment of Orenburg
1740–1748	War of the Austrian Succession	Europe	Austria Great Britain Hanover Russia (1741–1743, 1748) Dutch Republic Saxony (1743–1745) Sardinia	Prussia (1740–1742, 1744–45) Spain (1740–1746) France Bavaria (1741–1745) Saxony (1741–42) Naples Genoa Sweden (1741–1743)	Inconclusive Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
1740–1748	War of the Austrian Succession	Europe			Victory against Sweden Treaty of Åbo
1756–1763	Seven Years' War	Europe and North America	France Austria Spain Sweden Russia (1756–1762) Saxony	Prussia Britain Hanover Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Portugal Hesse-Kassel Schaumburg-Lippe Iroquois Confederacy	White peace Treaty of Saint Petersburg Defeat of Russia's former allies
1768–1769	Koliivshchyna Rebellion	Ukraine	Russia Poland-Lithuania	Haidamaky	Victory The rebellion is crushed
1768–1772	War of the Bar Confederation	Poland	Russia	France Bar Confederation	Victory Treaty of Kuçuk Kainarji First Partition of Poland
1768–1774	Catherine the Great's First Turkish War	Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Mediterranean	Russia	Ottoman Empire Crimea	Victory Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
1773–1775	Pugachev's Rebellion	Russia	Russia	Rebels under Yemelyan Pugachev Ottoman Empire	Victory The rebellion is crushed
1787–1792	Catherine the Great's Second Turkish War	Eastern Europe	Russia	Ottoman Empire	Victory Treaty of Jassy
1783–1797	Syrym Datuly's rebellion	Kazakhstan	Russia	Kazakhs	Victory
1788–1790	Catherine the Great's Swedish War	Finland, western Sweden, and the Baltic Sea	Russia	Sweden	Inconclusive
1792	Catherine the Great's Polish War	Poland	Russia Targowica Confederation	Poland–Lithuania	Victory Second Partition of Poland
1794	Kościuszko Uprising	Poland	Russia Prussia	Poland–Lithuania	Victory The uprising is crushed Third Partition of Poland; Poland ceases to exist as an independent country
1796	Persian Expedition of Catherine the Great	North Caucasus and South Caucasus	Russia	Persia	Victory
1799–1802	War of the Second Coalition	Europe	Austria Holy Roman Empire Great Britain (United Kingdom from 1801) Russia (until 1799) French Royalists Portugal Two Sicilies Ottoman Empire	French First Republic Spain Denmark–Norway Polish Legions French client states	Withdrawal in 1799 French victory in 1802
1803–1806	War of the Third Coalition	Europe	Austria Russia United Kingdom Sicily Naples Portugal Sweden	France French client states	Defeat Peace of Pressburg
1804–1813	Alexander I's Persian War	North Caucasus, South Caucasus and northern Iran	Russia	Persia	Victory Treaty of Gulistan
1806–1807	War of the Fourth Coalition	Eastern and Central Europe	Prussia United Kingdom Saxony Sweden Russia Naples	France French client states Spain Confederation of the Rhine Bavaria Württemberg Italy Naples Polish Legions	Defeat Treaties of Tilsit
1806–1812	Alexander I's Turkish War	Romania, Moldova, Caucasus and Black Sea	Russia	Ottoman Empire	Victory Treaty of Bucharest
1807–1812	Anglo-Russian War	Baltic Sea and Barents Sea	Russia	United Kingdom	Inconclusive Treaty of Orebro
1808–1809	Finnish War	Finland and Sweden	Russia	Sweden	Victory Treaty of Fredrikshamn
1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	Central Europe	France Confederation of the Rhine Italy Spain Duchy of Warsaw Russia	Austria United Kingdom Naples Sardinia	Victory (limited involvement) Treaty of Schönbrunn
1812	French invasion of Russia	Russia	Russia	France French client states	Victory The French invasion is repelled Napoleon's Grand Army is destroyed and forced to retreat
1813–1814	War of the Sixth Coalition	Europe	Austria Prussia United Kingdom Sweden Russia Spain Portugal Naples Sardinia	France French client states	Victory Treaty of Fontainebleau Treaty of Paris
1815	War of the Seventh Coalition	Europe	Austria Prussia United Kingdom Russia Hanover Nassau Brunswick Sweden United Netherlands Spain Portugal Sardinia Two Sicilies Tuscany Switzerland French Royalists	First French Empire Naples	Victory Treaty of Paris
1817–1864	Caucasian War	Caucasus	Russia Mingrelia Guria	Caucasian Imamate Circassia Big Kabarda (until 1825) Abkhazian insurgents Kazi-Kumukh Dagestan free people Avaria (1829–1859) Svaneti	Victory Annexation of North Caucasus into Russia Surrender of Imam Shamil
1825	Decembrist revolt	Saint Petersburg	Russia	Decembrist rebels	Victory The revolt is crushed
1826–1836	Uprising of Sarzhan Kasimov [ru]	Kazakhstan	Russia	Kazakhs	Victory
1826–1828	Nicholas I's Persian War	South Caucasus and northern Iran	Russia	Persia	Victory Treaty of Turkmenchay
1827	Greek War of Independence	Greece	United Kingdom France Russia	Ottoman Empire	Victory
1828–1829	Nicholas I's Turkish War	Balkans and Caucasus	Russia	Ottoman Empire	Victory Treaty of Adrianople
1830–1831	November uprising	Poland	Russia	Poland	Victory The uprising is crushed
1836–1838	Bukey Horde uprising	Kazakhstan	Russia	Kazakhs	Victory
1837–1847	Kenesary's Rebellion	Kazakhstan	Russia	Kazakhs	Victory Fall of Kazakh Khanate
1839–1841	Second Turko-Egyptian War	Syria and Lebanon	United Kingdom Austria Russia Ottoman Empire	Egypt France Spain	Victory Egypt renounces its claim to Syria
1839–1840	Khivan campaign of 1839	Central Asia	Russia	Khanate of Khiva	Defeat
1841	Gurian rebellion	Georgia	Russia	Gurian rebels	Victory The rebellion is crushed
1842	Shoorcha rebellion	Tatarstan and Ulyanovsk	Russia	Tatar, Mari and Chuvash peasants	Victory The rebellion is crushed
1842–1868	Russian conquest of Bukhara	Central Asia	Russia	Emirate of Bukhara	Victory
1848–1849	Hungarian Revolution of 1848	Hungary	Austria Croatia Serbian Vojvodina Serbian volunteers Pro-Habsburg Hungarians Slovak National Council Transylvanian Romanians Chief Rus' Council [uk] Czech volunteers Bohemian and Moravian volunteers Transylvanian Saxons Russia	Hungary Hungarian Slovenes Pro-Hungarian Slovaks Rusyns Zipser Germans Hungarian Germans Croats from Western Hungary and Međimurje Šokac and Bunjevac people Banat Bulgarians Polish legions German legion Viennese legion Italian legion	Victory The revolution is crushed
1850–1868	Russian conquest of Kokand Khanate	Central Asia	Russia	Khanate of Kokand	Victory
1853–1856	Crimean War	Crimea, Balkans, Caucasus, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, White Sea and Far East	Russia	France Ottoman Empire United Kingdom Sardinia	Defeat Treaty of Paris
1858	Mahtra Rebellion	Estonia	Russia	Estonian peasants	Victory The rebellion is crushed
1861	Bezdna Revolt	Tatarstan	Russia	Peasants	Victory The revolt is crushed
1863–1864	January Uprising	Poland	Russia	Polish, Lithuanian and Ukrainian insurgents	Victory The uprising is crushed
1866	Polish rebellion in Siberia	Siberia	Russia	Polish political exiles	Victory The rebellion is crushed
1868–1869	Uprising in the Ural and Turgai Oblasts	Kazakhstan	Russia	Kazakhs	Victory
1870	Adai Rebellion	Kazakhstan	Russia	Kazakhs	Victory
1873	Khivan campaign of 1873	Central Asia	Russia	Khanate of Khiva	Victory
1877–1878	Russo-Turkish War	Balkans and Caucasus	Russia Romania Bulgarian volunteers Serbia Montenegro	Ottoman Empire	Victory Treaty of San Stefano Treaty of Berlin Reestablishment of the Bulgarian state De jure independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro from the Ottoman Empire The annexation of Kars and Batum into Russia
1897–1898	Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)	Crete	Cretan revolutionaries Greece United Kingdom France Italy Russia Austria–Hungary (until April 12, 1898) German Empire (until March 16, 1898)	Ottoman Empire	Victory Establishment of the Cretan State Withdrawal of Ottoman forces from Crete
1899–1901	Boxer Rebellion	China	Eight-Nation Alliance British Empire Russia Japan France Germany United States Italy Austria-Hungary Netherlands Spain Belgium Mutual Defence Pact of Southeast China (after 1900)	Boxer movement Qing dynasty (after 1900)	Eight-Nation Alliance victory
1902–1906	Rebellion in Guria	Georgia	Russia	Gurian Republic	Victory The rebellion is crushed
1904–1905	Russo-Japanese War	Manchuria, Korean Peninsula and Yellow Sea	Russia	Japan	Defeat Treaty of Portsmouth
1905–1907	Russian Revolution of 1905	Russia	Russia	Revolutionaries Supported by: Saint Petersburg Soviet Moscow City Duma Chita Republic Party of Socialist Revolutionaries Russian Social Democratic Labour Party Kagal	Victory Revolutionaries defeated Nicholas II retains the throne October Manifesto Constitution enacted Establishment of the State Duma
1905–1911	Persian Constitutional Revolution	Iran	Persia Russia (from 1906)	Iranian constitutionalists	Victory Russian occupation of Northern Iran until 1917
1911	Mongolian Revolution of 1911	Mongol heartland	Mongolian nationalists Supported by: Russia	China	Victory Establishment of Bogd Khanate of Mongolia as independent of China. Tuva becomes a Russian protectorated called Uryankhay Krai
1914–1917	World War I	Europe and Asia	Allied Powers (see list)	Central Powers: Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria	Defeat, later allied victory^[22]^[23] Separate peace at Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Russian Civil War Paris Peace Conference
1917	February Revolution	Petrograd, Russian Empire	Government: Petrograd Police Gendarmes Ministry of Internal Affairs Petrograd Garrison Monarchists: Russian Assembly Monarchist Union Union of the Russian Nation	Socialists: Socialist Revolutionary Party Russian Social Democratic Labour Party Bolsheviks Mensheviks Dashnaks Liberals: Kadets Octobrists Progressive Party	Revolutionary victory: End of the monarchy Period of dual power between the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet Proclamation of the Republic October Revolution and start of the Russian Civil War

Russian Republic (1917)

Date	Conflict	Location	Russia and its allies	Opponent(s)	Result
1917	October Revolution	Russia	Russia	Bolsheviks Petrograd Soviet Left SRs Red Guards	Revolution succeeds Dissolution of the Russian Provisional Government The Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets proclaims itself the supreme governing body in the country Constituent Assembly election held under heavy Bolshevik pressure Beginning of the Russian Civil War

Russian SFSR (1917–1922)

Date	Conflict	Location	Russia and its allies	Opponent(s)	Result
1917–1922	Russian Civil War	Eastern Europe to Central Asia and Far East	Russian SFSR Far Eastern Republic Mongolian Communists Makhnovshchina Left SR Green armies	White Movement Mountain Republic Makhnovshchina Left SR Green armies Britain Japan Czechoslovakia Greece United States France Serbia Romania Italy China Mongolia	Victory of Bolshevik forces in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, South Caucasus, Central Asia, Tuva, and Mongolia; incorporation of those territories into the Soviet Union Victory for independence movements in Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland; expulsion of Bolshevik forces from those territories Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War withdraw from 1920 to 1925.
1917–1921	Ukrainian-Soviet War (Ukrainian War of Independence)	Ukraine and Eastern Poland	Russian SFSR Ukrainian SSR Makhnovshchina	Ukrainian People's Republic West Ukrainian People's Republic German Empire (1918) Poland (1920–1921) Hetmanate of Ukraine White Movement German Empire (1917–1918) Romania (1918) Poland (1918–1919) France (1919) Greece (1919)	Victory Formation of the Ukrainian SSR and its incorporation into the Soviet Union Destruction of the Ukrainian People's Republic
1917–1920	Central Powers intervention in the Russian Civil War Operation Faustschlag Crimea Operation (1918) German Caucasus expedition Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)	Eastern Europe and Caucasus	Bolsheviks: Russian SFSR Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic Commune of Estonia Lithuanian SSR Latvia Iskolat^[c] Latvian SSR^[d] Ukrainian Soviet Republics * Taurida SSR^[e] Crimean SSR^[f] Odessa SR^[g] DK SR^[h] Ukrainian SR^[i] Rumcherod^[j] Baku Commune^[k] Makhnovshchina	Central Powers: In support of: White movement Don Republic^[24] Belarus German Empire^[l] Finland Georgia Crimea Austria-Hungary^[m] Ottoman Empire^[n] Azerbaijan Ukrainian State Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus Landeswehr^[o] Freikorps^[p] Bermontians^[q] Non-aligned Separatists: Estonia Latvia Lithuania Directorate of Ukraine^[r] Czechoslovak Legion Transcaucasian Republic Supported by: Allied Powers: United Kingdom France and others	Pirric Victory Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is annulled, putting an end to German Mitteleuropa and Lebensraum, and Ottoman Pan-Turkist aspirations, against Russian economic independence. Planned German client states, such as United Baltic Duchy, Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, Kingdom of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland, still fights for their independence and joins the Allies. Start of Finnish Civil War and Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
1917–1920	Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War North Russia intervention British campaign in the Baltic (1918–1919) Southern Russia intervention Siberian intervention Chinese occupation of Mongolia North Persia Force campaign Malleson mission	Northwest Russia, Southern Russia, Russian Central Asia and Siberia	Bolsheviks: Soviet Russia Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922) Latvian SSR (1918–1920) Ukrainian SSR (1922–1925) Mongolian People's Party Persian Socialist Soviet Republic Central Powers (until 1918): Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria	Allied Powers: White movement Czechoslovak Legion (1918–1919) Belgium (1918–1919) United Kingdom (1918–1920) Canada (1918–1919) Australia (1918–1919) India South Africa^[25] United States (1918–1920) France (1918–1920) Japan (1918–1922) China (1919–1921) Poland^[26] Greece Estonia Latvia Serbia Italy Romania Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1921) Mongolia Qajar Persia (1918–1920)	Stalemate Allied victory against Central Powers, taking advantage of former German and Ottoman Puppet states. Bolshevik pirric victory against Allied Powers incursions to support the White movement and some separatists movements, although loosing territories of former Russian Empire. Japanese war in Siberia continues alone until 1922.
1917–1918	Belarusian-Soviet conflict	Belarus	Russian SFSR Belarusian communists	Belarus German Empire Poland	Temporary defeat After German retreat, Soviet reconquest of Belarus and Polish–Soviet War.
1917–1920	Kazakhstan Campaign	Kazakhstan	Russian SFSR	Alash Autonomy White Movement	Victory Overthrow of the Alash Autonomy; incorporation of Kazakhstan into the Soviet Union
1918	Romanian intervention in Bessarabia	Moldavia and Bessarabia	Rumcherod (19–30 January) Odessa SR (30 January–8 March) Romanian Revolutionary Military Committee (Feb.) Moldavian Democratic Republic (pro-Bolshevik factions) Supported by: Soviet Russia Soviet Ukraine Odessa Committee for the Salvation of Bessarabia [ro]	Kingdom of Romania Transylvanians-Bukovinians Moldavian Democratic Republic (anti-Bolshevik factions) Russian Republic Ukrainian People's Republic German Empire Austria-Hungary	Defeat Start of Bessarabian question after Union of Bessarabia with Romania.
1918	Finnish Civil War	Finland	Russian SSR Red Guard	White Guard Germany	Defeat Victory of the White Guard in Finland; expulsion of Bolshevik forces and Finnish independence
1918–1929	Heimosodat	Finland, Karelia, Estonia and Northern Russia	Russian SFSR Finnish Red Guards Commune of Estonia United Kingdom (Viena expedition and Petsamo expeditions)	Finnish White Guard Estonia Uhtua Forest Guerrillas North Ingria United Kingdom (Estonian War of Independence)	Stalemate Finnish victory in Estonia and Petsamo Province Soviet victory in East Karelia and Northern Russia.
1918–1920	Armenian–Azerbaijani war	Caucasus	Russian SFSR Azerbaijani communists Armenian communists Turkish revolutionaries	Armenia Azerbaijan Ottoman Empire Republic of Aras (1918–1919)	Stalemate Start of Soviet invasion of Armenia and of Azerbaijan, along Turkish–Armenian War. End of Russo-Turkish wars in Caucassus.
1918	German Caucasus expedition	Caucasus	Russian SFSR Baku Commune Centrocaspian Dictatorship Armenian Revolutionary Federation United Kingdom	German Empire Georgia Ottoman Empire Azerbaijan	Inconclussive due to end of Caucasus campaign.
1918–1919	Sochi conflict	Georgia–Russia border	Russian SFSR Armed Forces of South Russia Ottoman Empire	Edit Article in Wikipedia Read in Wikipedia 2025 © WikiZero. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy \| Terms of Service

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