List of wars involving Sweden
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History of Sweden |
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This is a list of wars and war-like conflicts involving Sweden.
- Swedish victory
- Swedish defeat
- Another result *
*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Sweden, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.
Kingdom of Sweden (800–1397)
[edit]Conflict | Sweden & its Allies | Sweden's opposition | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Swedish–Gothic wars (500–800) Location: Sweden | Svealand | Geats | Consolidation of Swedes and Goths into a unified kingdom. |
Swedish slave revolts (500s) Location: Sweden | Svealand | Thralls | Slaves depose the king of Sweden and win their freedom. |
Ingvars raid of Estonia (600s) Location: Estonia | Svealand | Estonians | Estonian Victory[1] |
Anunds raid of Estonia (700s) Location: Estonia | Svealand | Estonians | Swedish Victory |
Battle of Brávellir (750s) Location: Brávellir | Svealand Estonians | Danes (tribe) Wends Geats | Swedish Victory Eastern Geatland falls under Swedish dominion |
Paphlagonian expedition of the Rus' | Rus'/Swedish Vikings | Byzantine Empire | Successful raid |
Swedish expedition to Courland (854) | Sweden | Curonians | Swedish victory |
Swedish raids in the Mediterranean Sea (859) Location: Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Italy Luni, Italy | Swedes (Germanic tribe) | Islamic Spain Carolingian Empire | Swedish victory[2][3] |
Swedish expedition to Courland (862) | Sweden | Curonians | Swedish victory |
Swedish wars of conquest in Eastern Europe (850s-870) Location: Eastern Europe | Swedes (Germanic tribe) | Slavs Curonians Semigallians Finnic peoples. | Swedish victory establishment of control over the Route from the Varangians to the Greeks and Starya Ladoga route. |
Great Heathen Army (865–878) | Vikings | Wessex Northumbria Mercia East Anglia | Swedes, Norwegians and Danes under Ragnar Lodbrok sons occupies England and establishes the Danelaw |
Caspian expeditions of the Rus' (913–1041) | Khazars Abbasid Caliphate | Swedes establish trade routes | |
Olof the Brashs conquest of Denmark (900s) Location: Denmark | Swedes (Germanic tribe) | Denmark | Swedish victory |
Feud of the Sviatoslavichi (970s) Location: Kievan Rus | Vladimir the Great | Oleg's coalition | Vladimir the Great victorious |
Jomsviking–Swedish War (980s) Location: Uppsala | Sweden | Jomsviking | Swedish Victory [4] |
Eric the Victorious invasion of Denmark (990s) Location: Hedeby Baltic Sea | Sweden | Denmark | Swedish Victory [5] |
Swedish invasion of the Holy Roman Empire (990s) | Sweden Denmark | ![]() | Unclear results[7] |
Olof Skötkonungs attack on Denmark Location: In Denmark | Sweden | Denmark | Swedish victory
|
Viking expedition to Wendland Location: In Wendland | Sweden | Wends | Successful expedition |
Battle of Svolder (999–1000) | Sweden Denmark Jarls of Lade | Norway | Swedish victory |
Swedish Norwegian war (1015–1018)
| Sweden | Norway | Norwegian victory[8] |
Battle of Helgeå | Sweden Norway | North Sea Empire Kingdom of England | Anglo-Danish victory |
Battle of Stiklestad Location: In Stiklestad | Sweden Olaf II of Norway | North Sea Empire | Anglo-Danish victory |
Swedish support for Magnus invasion of Norway (1035) | Sweden Magnus the Good | North Sea Empire | Swedish victory Magnus the Good becomes king of Norway defeats the Danish forces |
(1042) Ingvar the Far-Travelleds expedition Location: Georgia (country) | Varangians | ![]() | Swedish defeat |
Yaroslav the Wise and Mstislav of Chernigovs civil war Battle of Listven (1024) Location: Ukraine Russia | Kievan Rus' | Mstislav of Chernigov | Swedish defeat |
Swedish–Norwegian War (1063) Location: Vänern | Sweden | Kingdom of Norway | Swedish defeat |
Swedish–Norwegian War (1099–1101) Location: Unknown | Sweden | Norway | Inconclusive |
First Swedish Crusade (1150) Location: Unknown | Sweden | Finns | Eventual incorporation of Southwest Finland into the Swedish kingdom |
Sweyn III's invasion of Småland (1153) | Sweden | Denmark | Invasion failed |
Harald Skraengs uprising (1182) | Harald Skraeng Sweden | Denmark | Uprising quelled |
Pillage of Sigtuna (1187) Location: Sigtuna | Sweden | Pagans from Eastern Baltic (probably Estonians or Karelians) | Sigtuna is sacked. Archbishop Johannes of Uppsala is killed. |
Battle of Lihula (1220) | Sweden | Oeselians | Death of Karl the Deaf |
Värmland campaign (1225/1249)[9] Location: Värmland | Sweden | Norway | Peace of Lödöse |
Öselborn's attack on Sweden (1226)[10] Location: Unknown | Sweden | Öselborn's | The Öselborn's take plunder and hostages |
Attack on Tavastia (1227–1228)[11] Location: Unknown | Sweden | Novgorod | Indecisive |
Battle of Olustra (1229)[12] Location: Södermanland or Östergötland | Eric XI | Knut Långe | Victory for Knut Långe
|
Eric XI's reinstatement war (1234)[13] Location: Unknown | Eric XI
| Knut Långe | Victory for Eric XI
|
Livonian Crusade (13th century) | Crusade | Pagans (Indigenous peoples) | Crusader victory. However, the Swedish expedition ended in disaster |
Tavastian uprising (1236–1237) Location: Finland | Sweden | Tavastians Novgorod Karelians | Uprising crushed
|
Battle of Neva (1240) | Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Tavastians | Novgorod Republic and Karelians | Novgorodian victory. |
First Folkung Uprising (1247)[14] Location: Sweden | Sweden | Folkung | Victory of the Swedish king |
Second Swedish Crusade (1249–1250) Location: Finland | Sweden | Tavastians | Area of Tavastians and south-western Finland fall to Swedish rule, Häme Castle is founded |
Folkung era (1250–1389)
[edit]Conflict | Sweden & its allies | Sweden's opposition | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Second Folkung Uprising (1251)[15] Location: Sweden | Sweden | Folkung | Swedish victory
|
Campaign against Narva (1256–1257)[16] Location: Unknown | Sweden
| Novgorod | Neither side achieved much success |
The war against Valdemar Birgersson (1275) | Valdemar's Forces | Duke Magnus's Forces | Valdemar, King of Sweden is deposed Magnus Ladulås is crowned king of Sweden. |
6000 mark war (1276–1278) | Sweden | Denmark | Danish victory
|
Third Folkung Uprising (1278–1280)[17] Location: Sweden | Sweden | Folkung | Victory of the Swedish king
|
Ladoga Campaign (1283–1284)[18] Location: Unknown | Sweden | Novgorod | Indecisive |
War in Gotland (1288) Location: Gotland | Visby | Gotland | Victory for Visby |
Swedish campaign against the Karelians and Izhorians (1292) Location: Unknown | Sweden | Karelians Izhorians | Swedish defeat[19] |
Third Swedish Crusade (1293–1295) Location: Finland | Sweden | Karelians Novgorod republic | Swedish victory
|
Neva Campaign (1300–1301)[20] Location: Neva river | Sweden | Novgorod | Landskrona captured by Novgorod |
Swedish Brother's Feud (1304–1310) Location: Sweden | Birger Magnusson | Duke Eric and Valdemar | Victory for Birger Magnusson, death of Valdemar and Duke Eric |
War on Gotland (1313)[21] Location: Gotland | Sweden | Gotland | Gutes agree to pay an increased tax to the Swedish king. |
Tavastian war (1311–1314)[22] Location: Tavastia | ![]() | Novgorod Republic | Indecisive |
Uprisings in Hälsingland and Småland (1316–1317)[23] Location: Unknown | Sweden | Rebels in Hälsingland and Småland | Insurgents lose their property after a verdict by King Birger |
Attack on Åbo (1318)[24] Location: Åbo | Sweden | Novgorod Republic | Novgorodians burn the outskirts of Åbo |
War of Deposition against Birger Magnusson (1317–1319)[25] Location: Sweden | Birger Magnusson | Insurgents loyal to the Dukes Valdemar and Erik | Birger is deposed |
Kexholm war (1321–1323)[26] Location: Unknown | Sweden | Novgorod | Treaty of Nöteborg |
Swedish–Novgorodian Wars (1142–1323) Location: Finland | ![]()
| Novgorod Republic | Treaty of Nöteborg (1323) |
Campaign against Ingeborg (1323)[27] Location: Sweden | Swedish-Norwegian Union | Ingeborg of Norway | Peace of Skara
|
Mats Kettilmundssons war against Reval (1325–1326)[28] Location: Unknown | Swedish-Norwegian Union (Mats Kettilmundsson) | Reval | Mats Kettilmundsson dies before any confrontations take place, peace signed in 31 May 1326 |
Sten bielkes war against Novgorod (1338–1339)[29] Location: Novgorod | Swedish-Norwegian Union | Novgorod | Peace signed in either August or September 1339.
|
Johan Offessons Uprising (1339)[30] Location: Sweden | Swedish-Norwegian Union | Johan Offesson | Lindholm Castle is destroyed, and Johan is forced to give Skytts and Oxie to the king |
Kalundborg War (1341–1343)[31] Location: Sweden | Swedish-Norwegian Union | Denmark | Swedish-Norwegian victory
|
Saint George's Night Uprising (1343–1345)[32] Location: Unknown | Swedish-Norwegian Union Estonians | Denmark Teutonic Order | Indecisive
|
Magnus's war against Russia (1348–1351)[33] Location: Unknown | Swedish-Norwegian Union | Novgorod | Truce of Dorprat
|
Campaign between Magnus and his son (1356–1359)[34] Location: Unknown | Magnus IV | Eric | According to the arbitration in Jönköping, Sweden is divided between Magnus and Erik, this ends after Eric's death in 1359 |
Valdemar Atterdags reconquest of Scania (1360)[35] Location: Scania | Swedish-Norwegian Union | Denmark | Denmark conquers all of Scania |
Valdemar Atterdags conquest of Gotland (1361)[36] Location: Gotland | Swedish-Norwegian Union | Denmark | Denmark conquers Gotland |
Danish-Hanseatic War (1361–1370) Location: Northern Germany, Scandinavia, and the Baltic Sea | First phase (1361–1365) Second phase (1367–1370)
| First phase (1361–1365)
| First phase: Danish victory Second phase: Hanseatic victory Hanseatic League gains control over several forts in Scania |
War of deposition against Magnus (1363–1371)[37] Location: Unknown | Magnus IV | Albert of Mecklenburg | Albert becomes king of Sweden |
Swedish involvement in the Danish war of succession (1379–1381)[38] Location: Unknown | Sweden | Denmark | Truce signed in 1381 |
Invasion of Scania (1384)[39][40] Location: Unknown | Sweden | Denmark | Truce likely signed in 1384
|
War of deposition against Albrekt of Mecklenburg[41] (1388–1395) | Sweden | Denmark | Margaret I becomes regent |
Attack on Jama[42] (1395) | Sweden Kalmar Union | Novgorod Republic | Indecisive |
Northern Ladoga Campaign[43] (1396) | Sweden Kalmar Union | Novgorod Republic | Indecisive |
Union of Kalmar (1397–1521)
[edit]Conflict | Sweden & its Allies | Sweden's opposition | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Campaign against the Victual Brothers[44] (1395–1398) | Sweden Kalmar Union | Victual Brothers | The Victual Brothers surrender their fortresses in Sweden |
War in Gotland (1398) | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | Gotland is conquered by the Teutonic Order |
Campaign against Knut Bosson Grip[45] (1398) | Sweden Kalmar Union | Knut Bosson Grip | Grip surrenders his Finnish fortresses to the crown. |
Novgorod's attack in the north (1399)[46] Location: Unknown | Sweden Kalmar Union | Novgorodian Republic | Indecisive |
War in Gotland (1403–1404) Location: Unknown | Sweden Kalmar Union | Teutonic Order | Teutonic victory |
Engelbrekt rebellion (1434–1436) | Sweden | Kalmar Union | Swedish victory |
Pukefejden (1436–1437) | Charles VIII of Sweden | Erik Puke | Erik Puke is executed |
War against the Flemingar (1437)[47] | Sweden | Flemingar | Indecisive |
Rebellion in Östergötaland (1437)[48] Location: Östergötland | Sweden | Rebels in Östergötaland | Uprising crushed |
Värmland rebellion (1437–1438)[49] Location: Värmland | Sweden | Rebels in Värmland | Uprising crushed |
David's Rebellion (1438–1439) | Sweden | Tavastian insurgents | Uprising quelled |
Karl Knutssons campaign against Eric of Pomerania (1439–1440)[50] | Sweden | Eric of Pomerania | The remaining fortresses loyal to Eric fall |
Karl Knutssons campaign against Novgorod (1444)[51] | Sweden | Novgorodian Republic | Swedish victory |
War in Gotland (1446)[52] | Sweden Kalmar Union | Eric of Pomerania | Indecisive |
Novgorods war against Karl Knutsson (1448)[53] | Sweden | Novgorodian Republic | Indecisive |
War on Gotland (1448–1449) | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | Swedish failure |
War for Norway (1448–1451) | ![]() | ![]() | Danish victory |
Karl Knutssons war against Denmark (1449–1457)[54] | Sweden | Denmark | Christian I fails to retake the Swedish throne |
War of Deposition against Karl Knutsson (1457)[55] | Sweden | Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna | Christian I becomes King of Sweden |
Battle of Haraker (1464) | Sweden | Denmark | Karl Knutsson regains the throne |
Second War of deposition against Karl Knutsson (1464–1465)[56] | Sweden | Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna | Jöns Bengtsson takes power |
War of depositon against Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna (1466–1467)[57] Location: Sweden | ![]() | Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna ![]() | Karl Knutsson retakes the throne |
Dano-Swedish War (1468–1469)[58] Location: Sweden | ![]() | ![]() | Christian I fails to retake the throne |
Erik Karlsson Vasa's Uprising (1469–1470)[59] Location: Sweden | ![]() | ![]() | Uprising crushed |
Dano-Swedish War (1469–1470)[60] Location: Sweden | ![]() | ![]() | Christian I fails to retake the throne |
Dano-Swedish War (1470–1471) (1470–1471) Location: Sweden | ![]() | ![]() | Swedish Victory |
First campaign to Livonia (1473–1475)[61] Location: Unknown | Sweden | Teutonic Order | Indecisive |
Tott's first Russian war (1475―1476)[62] Location: Finland | Sweden | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Truce in December 1475 or early 1476 |
Second campaign to Livonia (1478)[63] Location: Unknown | Sweden | Teutonic Order | Indecisive
|
Tott's second Russian war (1479–1482)[64] Location: Finland | Sweden | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Truce in Novgorod 17 January 1482
|
Third campaign to Livonia (1485–1486/1488)[65] Location: Unknown | Sweden | Teutonic Order | Indecisive, peace signed in 1488. |
Sten Sture's war against the Totts (1487)[66] Location: Sweden | ![]() | ![]() | Tott family's power is reduced Gotland falls into Danish control |
Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497) (1495–1497)[67] Location: Sweden | ![]() | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Swedish victory |
Battle of Rotebro (1497) | ![]() | ![]() | Danish victory
|
Border conflict at Nyslott (1499) Location: Nyslott | ![]() | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Swedish Victory
|
War of Deposition against King Hans (1501–1503) Location: Sweden | ![]() | ![]() | Swedish Victory
|
Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512) (1501–1512) Location: Sweden | ![]() (1501–1504) ![]() (1509–12) | ![]() | Treaty of Malmö:
|
Dano-Swedish War (1512–1520) (1512–1520) Location: Sweden | ![]() | ![]() | Surrender of Stockholm:
|
Swedish War of Liberation (1521–23)[67] Location: Scandinavia | ![]() ![]() (from 1522) | ![]() | Kingdom of Sweden proclaims independence |
Vasa era (1523–1611)
[edit]Swedish Empire (1611–1721)
[edit]Age of Liberty (1718–1772)
[edit]Conflict | Sweden & its Allies | Sweden's opposition | Outcome | Casualties |
---|---|---|---|---|
Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) (Part of the War of the Austrian Succession)[67] | ![]() | ![]() | Russian victory | 7000 |
Dalecarlian rebellion (1743) (1743) Location: Sweden | ![]() | Dalecarlian rebels | Rebellion crushed | +150 |
Expedition to the Mediterranean (1759–1760)[77] Location: Mediterranean Sea | ![]() | Pirates | Successful expedition | None |
Pomeranian War (13 September 1757 – 22 May 1762)[67] Location: Swedish Pomerania, Prussian Pomerania, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | Prussian victory Status quo ante bellum | A couple thousands |
Tunis-Swedish War (1763)[78] Location: Mediterranean | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | Inconclusive | Unknown |
Gustavian era (1772–1809)
[edit]Conflict | Sweden & its Allies | Sweden's opposition | Outcome | Casualties |
---|---|---|---|---|
Battle of Ibiza (28–29 February 1780) Location: coast of Ibiza | ![]() | ![]() | Swedish victory | 3 |
Theatre War 1788–1789 Location: Sweden | ![]() Supported by: | ![]() | Status quo ante bellum
| 5 |
Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)[67] Location: Finland, Baltic Sea, Sweden | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | Favourable outcome for Sweden; Status quo ante bellum | 3000 |
Swedish–Algerian war of 1791–1792 (1791–1792) Location: Mediterranean | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | Sweden agrees to pay tribute | Unknown |
First Barbary War (10 May 1801 – 10 June 1805)[67] Location: Off the Mediterranean coast of Tripoli; Derna | ![]() ![]() ![]() | ![]()
| Peace Treaty | Unknown |
Franco-Swedish War (31 October 1805 – 6 January 1810)[67] Location: Swedish Pomerania | Co-belligerents:
| Co-belligerents:
| French victory | +6000 |
Finnish War (21 February 1808 – 17 September 1809)[67] Location: Scandinavia | Supported by: | Supported by: | Russian victory | 7000 |
Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809 (1808–1809) Location: Scandinavia | Supported by: | Status quo ante bellum | ~200 |
Kingdom of Sweden (1809–present)
[edit]See also
[edit]- List of Swedish peacekeeping missions
- Realm of Sweden
- Dominions of Sweden
- List of Swedish monarchs
- List of Swedish military commanders
- List of Swedish field marshals
- List of Swedish regiments
Notes
[edit]- ^ Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after July 1569.[70]
- ^ States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ^ "into line with army of Gabriel Bethlen in 1620"[73]
- ^ States that allied at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ^ Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.
- ^ None of the supporters ever officially recognised either of the two states.[86]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Scandinavians were defeated in a battle in Saaremaa (in Estonian) https://ekspress.delfi.ee/artikkel/32908835/skandinaavlased-said-saaremaal-suures-lahingus-tappa
- ^ King, Martin (6 September 2022). Blood Is Thicker than War: Brothers and Sisters on the Front Lines. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781637583531. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023 – via Google Books.
- ^ The Norse Myths: Stories of the Norse Gods and Heroes Vividly Retold. Quercus. 29 November 2018. ISBN 9781786488800. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
- ^ Thunberg, Carl L. (2012). Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation). Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ Lagerqvist, Lars O., Sveriges regenter från forntid till nutid, Norstedts förlag, Stockholm 1996. ISBN 91-1-963882-5 (andra upplagan) Lagerqvist, Lars O., Sveriges regenter från forntid till nutid, Norstedts förlag, Stockholm 1996. ISBN 91-1-963882-5 (andra upplagan) pages 27–30
- ^ Erik Segersäll (1953) Sture Bolin. https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=15407 Archived 1 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Adam av Bremen (1984) pp. 87–8 (Book II, Chapters 31–32).
- ^ "Jämtlands och Härjedalens historia". www.tacitus.nu. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 55. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 57. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 59. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 61. ISBN 9189080262. Online at Pennan & Svärdet (archived)
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 63. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 71. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 77. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 81. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 91. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 93. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ "The Chronicle of Novgorod" (PDF). London Offices of the Society, 1914. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 103. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 118. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 115. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 119. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 127. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 121. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 129–131. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 135. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 137. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 143. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 145. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 147–149. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 151. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 153–155. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 157–159. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 161. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 165. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 173–178. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 188. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sweden (1883). Sverges traktater med Främmande magter jemte andra dit hörande handlingar (in Swedish). P.A. Norstedt.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 189. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 191. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 205. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 211. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 207. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 217. ISBN 9189080262.