M4 tractor

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M4 tractor, high speed, 18 tons
M4 high-speed tractor with 90 mm ammo box
Type	Artillery tractor
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	1943–1960
Used by	US Army Belgian Army JGSDF
Wars	World War II
Production history
Designed	1942
Manufacturer	Allis-Chalmers
Produced	March 1943 – August 1945
No. built	5,811
Variants	90 mm antiaircraft gun tractor 155 mm gun or 8-inch howitzer tractor
Specifications
Mass	31,400 lb (14.2 t)
Length	210 in (5.33 m)
Width	97 in (2.46 m)
Height	99 in (2.51 m)
Crew	1 + 11
Main armament	M2 Browning machine gun
Engine	Waukesha 145GZ OHV I6 gasoline engine 210 hp (157 kW)
Power/weight	14.70 hp/t
Suspension	Horizontal volute spring
Operational range	100 mi (160 km)
Maximum speed	35 mph (56 km/h)

The M4 high-speed tractor for World War II was an artillery tractor used by the US Army from 1943.^[1]

The M4 high-speed tractor used M5 Stuart tracks, roadwheels, and drive sprocket. However, the suspension was of the HVSS type, first introduced on a light tank T6 project in 1938.

One variant was designed to tow the 90 mm anti-aircraft gun, and another was for the 155 mm gun or 8-inch howitzer.^[1] The rear compartment carried the gun crew and other equipment and some later variants included a crane to assist with heavier projectiles.^[1] Two types of ammunition boxes were used on all models: a 90 mm box with side "tailgates" to access 90 mm shells pigeon-holed in the sides, and a combination box for 155 mm or 8-inch ammunition.

The M4 was built by tractor manufacturer Allis-Chalmers of West Allis, Wisconsin, starting in 1943 and was in U.S. military service until approximately 1960.^[1] After WWII, under the US Mutual Defense Assistance Program, M4s was supplied to Greece, the Netherlands, Japan, Brazil, Yugoslavia and Pakistan and several other states friendly to the USA.^[1] In the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the Pakistani Army used M4 tractors to haul their M115 howitzers to the battlefield of Chamb and then to the front at Lahore during the fighting with Indian troops.^{[citation needed]}

• M4: base model. 2,464 were configured to tow the 90 mm antiaircraft gun, while 3,088 were configured to tow the 155 mm gun or 6-inch howitzer
• M4C: The "C" designation indicates spare ammunition racks configured in the crew compartment.
• M4A1: The "A1" modification designates the wider suspension used for the "duck bill" tracks mirroring the E9 modification on Sherman tanks. 259 were built in 1945, and were used post-war as a prime mover for the M23 ammunition trailer in M40 gun motor carriage sections.

After the war many types of these tractors were stripped of their military components and used for log skidders and power line construction. Many were used as carriers for rock drills, used in logging road construction in British Columbia. The first prototype was designed in the early 1960s by G.M. Philpott Ltd. of Vancouver, BC, and Scott-Douglas Industries, who supplied the M4 Carrier. It was used by MacMillan, Bloedel, and Powell River Company at their Juskatla, BC logging operation. Many improvements were made and when Finning Tractor later bought G.M. Philpott, the machine became the Finning Tank Drill. At least 500 were built, many of which are still in service. The original Finning Tank Drill was replaced by the M32F and M40F Tank Drills, which used larger Sherman tank carriers.^{[citation needed]}

At Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in the Netherlands, at least two refurbished M4s were used by the airport fire brigade in the 1960s and '70s. During the mid-80s and into the early 90s, many M-4s were converted into exhibition vehicles used for car crushing and dubbed "monster tanks", William Townes's "Virginia Beach Beast" Chevrolet K-5 Blazer being among the first.^[2]

• Robert Gill Collection militarymuseum.at, Vienna, Austria
• Armed Forces Military Museum, Largo, Florida.^{[citation needed]}2 pieces in the Robert Gill Collection militarymuseum.at, Vienna Austria
• Fort Sill Museum, Oklahoma^{[citation needed]}
• Gunfire Museum, Brasschaat, Belgium^{[citation needed]}
• National Military Museum in Soesterberg, https://collectie.nmm.nl/nl/collectie/detail/270474/The Netherlands^{[citation needed]}
• Batey ha-Osef Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel^{[citation needed]}
• Heartland Museum of Military Vehicles in Lexington, Nebraska^{[citation needed]}
• Marshall Museum in Lexington, Virginia^{[citation needed]}
• private collection in Colorado^{[citation needed]}
• private collection in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania^{[citation needed]}
• private collection in Grand Prairie, Texas^{[citation needed]}
• private collection in Leicestershire, UK^{[citation needed]}
• Royal Dutch Army historical collection Maaldrift, The Netherlands^{[citation needed]}
• private collection in Molsheim, France^{[citation needed]}
• private collection in O'Neill, Nebraska^{[citation needed]}
• private collection in Orlando, Florida^{[citation needed]}
• private collection in Troyes, France^{[citation needed]}
• private collection in National Military Vehicle Museum, South Australia^{[citation needed]}
• private collection in Sydney Australia as of April 2022^{[citation needed]}

• List of U.S. military vehicles by supply catalog designation (G150)
• List of U.S. military vehicles by model number
• M5 tractor
• M6 tractor
• Raupenschlepper, Ost

Notes

Bibliography

• "US Army M-4 High Speed Tractor". olive-drab.com. Retrieved 27 August 2007.
• "TM-9-2800-1947 Military Vehicles". US Dept. of the Army. 27 October 1947. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
• TM 9-785 18-Ton High Speed Tractors M4, M4A1, M4C, M4A1C
• SNL G150
• the Field Artillery Journal, September 1945 references the M4A1 as an ammunition hauler for M40 Gun sections.
• Doyle, David (2003). Standard catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles. Kraus Publications. pp. 402–403. ISBN 0-87349-508-X.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to M4 High Speed Tractor.

• AA battery on display