Matricaria

Matricaria
German chamomile
(Matricaria chamomilla)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Anthemideae
Genus: Matricaria
L.
Type species
Matricaria recutita
L.
Synonyms[2]
  • Lepidotheca Nutt.
  • Cotulina Pomel
  • Akylopsis Lehm.
  • Gama La Llave
  • Cenocline K.Koch
  • Lepidanthus Nutt.
  • Camomilla Gilib.
  • Courrantia Sch.Bip.
  • Sphaeroclinium (DC.) Sch.Bip.
Matricaria discoidea
Matricaria chamomilla

Matricaria is a genus of flowering plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family.[3][4] Some of the species have the common name of "mayweed", but this name also refers to plants not in this genus.

Description

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Their many-branched stems are prostrate to erect, glabrous, and very leafy. Their bipinnate leaves have numerous linear, narrowly lobed leaflets.[5]

The flowers are radially symmetrical. The greenish-yellow capitula are semi-spherical. The white ray florets can be present (M. recutita) or lacking (M. discoidea). The disc florets are 4- to 5-dentate. The receptacle is 2–3 times as high as wide. The pappus may be crown-shaped and short, or lacking.[5]

Taxonomy

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The taxonomy of Matricaria is controversial and very confused. Several species are classified either in Tripleurospermum or Matricaria depending on the interpretation of the author. The distinction is made according to the number of the seed ribs: Tripleurospermum has one adaxial and two lateral seed ribs, while Matricaria has four or five adaxial seed ribs.[6]

Species[7][8]

Distribution and habitat

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Most are very common in the temperate regions of Eurasia and North America, as well as in northern and southern Africa, with some also being naturalised in Australia. Matricaria occidentalis is native to North America; other species have been introduced there.[5][9][10]

These are hardy, pleasantly aromatic annuals, growing along roadsides in ruderal communities and in fallow land rich in nutrients. Though many are considered nuisance weeds, they are suitable for rock gardens and herb gardens, and as border plants.

Ecology

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Matricaria species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species (caterpillars) including lime-speck pug.

Uses

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The extract of Matricaria chamomilla (or recutita) (German chamomile) is taken as a strong tea. It has been used in herbal medicine as a carminative and anti-inflammatory. It is also used in ointments and lotions, and as a mouthwash against infections of mouth and gums. Aromatherapy uses two essential oils of chamomile: the "true chamomile" oil (or German chamomile oil, from M. recutita) and the Roman chamomile oil (from Chamaemelum nobile).

See also

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References

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  1. ^ painting by the Swedish botanist C. A. M. Lindman (1856–1928), taken from his book(s) Bilder ur Nordens Flora (first edition published 1901–1905, supplemented edition 1917–1926?).
  2. ^ "Matricaria". Index Nominum Genericorum. International Association for Plant Taxonomy. 2006-02-20. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
  3. ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 890–891 in Latin.
  4. ^ Tropicos, Matricaria L.
  5. ^ a b c Flora of North America, Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 540 Mayweed, chamomile, matricary, matricaire, chamomille Matricaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 890. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 380. 1754.
  6. ^ A reassessment of the nomenclature of Matricaria L. and Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) - Applequist W. L.; Taxon, 1 November 2002, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 757–761(5).
  7. ^ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist. Archived 2014-11-06 at archive.today.
  8. ^ "Calflora: Matricaria occidentalis". www.calflora.org. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
  9. ^ Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 771 母菊属 mu ju shu Matricaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 890. 1753.
  10. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Matricaria includes photos and distribution maps.
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