French
DeutschMeloni government
Meloni government | |
|---|---|
 68th Cabinet of Italy | |
| Incumbent | |
 | |
| Date formed | 22 October 2022 |
| People and organisations | |
| Head of state | Sergio Mattarella |
| Head of government | Giorgia Meloni |
| Deputy head of government | Antonio Tajani Matteo Salvini |
| No. of ministers | 25 (incl. Prime Minister) |
| Ministers removed | 2 resigned |
| Member parties | |
| Status in legislature | Majority (coalition) Chamber of Deputies: 243 / 400 (61%) Senate:120 / 205 (59%) |
| Opposition parties | |
| History | |
| Election | 2022 election |
| Legislature term | XIX Legislature (2022–present) |
| Incoming formation | 2022 government formation |
| Predecessor | Draghi government |
The Meloni government is the 68th and current government of the Italian Republic, the first headed by Giorgia Meloni, leader of Brothers of Italy, who is also the first woman to hold the office of Prime Minister of Italy.[1][2][3] The government was sworn in on 22 October 2022.[4][5] It was one of the fastest government formations in the history of the Italian Republic.[6] It was variously described as a shift to the political right,[7] as well as the first far-right-led coalition in Italy since World War II.[8][9]
Supporting parties
[edit]| Party | Main ideology | Leader | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government parties | ||||
| Brothers of Italy (FdI) | National conservatism | Giorgia Meloni | ||
| League (Lega) | Right-wing populism | Matteo Salvini | ||
| Forza Italia (FI) | Liberal conservatism | Silvio Berlusconi (died on 12 June 2023) Antonio Tajani (since 15 July 2023) | ||
| Parties with secondary government positions | ||||
| Us Moderates (NM) | Liberal conservatism | Maurizio Lupi | ||
| External support | ||||
| Union of the Centre (UdC) | Christian democracy | Lorenzo Cesa | ||
| Coraggio Italia (CI) | Liberal conservatism | Luigi Brugnaro | ||
| Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (MAIE) | Italians abroad interests | Ricardo Merlo | ||
| Animalist Movement (MA) | Animal rights | Michela Vittoria Brambilla | ||
History
[edit]Government formation
[edit]
Immediately after the first meeting of the Italian Parliament's new legislature, tensions began to grow within the centre-right coalition. On 13 October, Silvio Berlusconi refused to support Ignazio La Russa,[10] a politician with a neo-fascist background and the Brothers of Italy (FdI) candidate to be President of the Senate of the Republic.[11][12][13] He succeeded in being elected by obtaining 116 votes out of 206 in the first round,[14] thanks to the support from opposition parties to the centre-right coalition.[15][16] Tensions further grew, in particular between Berlusconi and Giorgia Meloni, whom Berlusconi described as "patronising, overbearing, arrogant" and "offensive" in a series of written notes in the Senate.[17][18] In the following days, after meetings between parties' leader, tensions loosened and the centre-right coalition parties reached an agreement on the formation of the new cabinet.[1]
On 20 October, consultations between President Sergio Mattarella and parties officially began. On the following day, delegates from FdI, the League (Lega), whose member Lorenzo Fontana had been elected President of the Chamber of Deputies on 14 October),[19][20] Forza Italia (FI), and the group of Civics of Italy–Us Moderates–MAIE told Mattarella they had reached an agreement to form a coalition government with Meloni as Prime Minister.[2][21] In the afternoon, Mattarella summoned Meloni to the Quirinal Palace, asking her to form a new government.[3] Meloni accepted the task, and on the same day assembled a cabinet, which was officially sworn in on 22 October.[4][5][22] She is the first woman to hold the office of Prime Minister.[7][8][9] The government successfully won the confidence vote, held in late October,[23][24] with a comfortable majority in both houses.[25][26][27]
On 25 October, Meloni gave her first official speech as Prime Minister in front of the Chamber of Deputies, before the confidence vote on her government. During her speech, she stressed the weight of being the first woman to serve as head of the Italian government.[28] Meloni thanked several Italian women, notably including Tina Anselmi, Samantha Cristoforetti, Grazia Deledda, Oriana Fallaci, Nilde Iotti, Rita Levi-Montalcini, and Maria Montessori, who she said, "with the boards of their own examples, built the ladder that today allows me to climb and break the heavy glass ceiling placed over our heads."[29][30] On 31 October, the government nominated its deputy ministers and undersecretaries.[31] Galeazzo Bignami, one of the chosen deputy ministers,[32][33] caused controversy and garnered international attention as a 2005 photo of him with a Nazi armband became public.[34][35]
Investiture vote
[edit]| House of Parliament | Vote | Parties | Votes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber of Deputies (Voting: 389 of 400, Majority: 195) |  Yes | FdI, Lega, FI, CdI–NM–MAIE | 235 / 389 |
 No | PD–IDP, M5S, A–IV, AVS, +E | 154 / 389 | |
| Abstention | SVP, ScN, UV | 5 / 389 | |
| Senate of the Republic (Voting: 199 of 206, Majority: 98) | Yes | FdI, Lega, FI, CdI–NM–MAIE | 115 / 199 |
| No | PD–IDP, M5S, A–IV, AVS, +E, SVP[a] | 79 / 199 | |
| Abstention | SVP, ScN | 5 / 199 | |
- ^ One SVP senator voted in favour, the other against.
Domestic policies
[edit] | This section needs to be updated. (March 2024) |
Meloni's government first decree law was related to the ergastolo ostativo,[38] the prison regime that excludes the perpetrators of violent crimes, in particular those related to the mafia and terrorism, from receiving benefits in prison unless they collaborate with the justice system, which are known as collaboratori di giustizia. In 2021, the Constitutional Court of Italy held that this was unconstitutional, and this decree law was previously approved in the Chamber on 31 March 2022 but did not make it to the Senate due to the snap elections.[39] One of the first measures implemented by the government regarded COVID-19 and concerned in the complete removal of the COVID-19 vaccination certificate, known in Italy as the Green Pass; moreover, the non-vaccinated doctors were re-integrated into service.[40][41] Another policy deemed of priority by the new right-wing government is raising the cash ceiling, which critics argue it favours tax evasion and unreported employment, while its proponents including Meloni reject this;[42] a poll by Izi showed that 6 out of 10 right-wing voters agreed that such a law would favour unreported employment.[43]
Decree on protests and rallies
[edit]On 31 October 2022, the government approved a decree providing for a penalty of up to six years of imprisonment for illegal parties and rallies.[44] This came amid anti-fascist protests at La Sapienza University,[45] which were subject of criticism due to the police's response,[46][47][48] and a rally in Predappio, where Benito Mussolini is buried, to commemorate the centenary of the March on Rome that led to the takeover of Mussolini and Italian fascism of the government.[49][50] Despite being officially presented as a decree against illegal rave parties,[51] the law was applicable to any gathering over 50 people that the public authority deemed dangerous,[52][53][54] which garnered criticism,[55][56][57] including from jurist Vitalba Azzolini.[58] The decree also caused protests from opposition parties and civil rights associations; according to Amnesty International, the decree "risked undermining the right to peaceful protest",[59] while Giuseppe Conte of the Five Star Movement compared it to a police state.[60] The law was also contested by FI,[61][62] which asked for changes,[63] including the reduction of sentences to four years,[64] while it was mainly supported by FdI and Lega,[65] and FdI's justice minister Carlo Nordio was reportedly upset by the law.[66]
Cultured meat ban
[edit]In March 2023, Italy's Meloni government approved a draft bill banning the production and commercialization of Cultured meat for human and animal consumption;[67][68][69] this move, which the government said was intended to protect food heritage.[70]
Italy became the first country to ban cultured meat in November 2023, when the government approved the bill.[71][72]
Foreign ban on surrogacys
[edit]On 16 October 2024, The Senate voted 84-58 in favor of extending a ban on surrogacy to couples who go abroad to avail of the procedure.[73]
Autonomy
[edit]On 23 January 2024, the bill about "differentiated autonomy" (which aims to give much more autonomy to Italian regions, for a maximum of 23 specific subjects) was approved in the Senate,[74] and it was then approved by the Chamber on June 19.[75] The law was criticized by the opposition and by various deputies and presidents of southern Italy (both from the majority and the opposition, such as Roberto Occhiuto of Forza Italia, president of Calabria, and Vincenzo De Luca of the PD, president of Campania),[76] accusing the government of wanting to abandon the southern regions, favoring those of the north, and on 20 July a collection of signatures began to call an abrogative referendum.[77][78][79]
Migration
[edit]On 24 January 2024, the Chamber of Deputies approves the ratification of the protocol of understanding with Albania, already approved by the Council of Ministers on 5 December and, even earlier, signed on 6 November, on the management of migration flows.[80] The ratification will then be approved by the Senate on February 15. [81]
On 22 May 2024, the Government, through Minister Matteo Piantedosi and in agreement with the Slovenian and Croatian authorities, implements a further six-month extension to the suspension of the Schengen Convention on the border with Slovenia, until 19 December;[82] The previous five-month extension had been approved on 18 January (and would have lasted until 19 June).[83]
Law and Order
[edit]On 15 June 2023, the Council of Ministers approves, on the proposal of Minister Nordio, a bill on justice (also known informally at first as the "Berlusconi reform" and then the "Nordio Bill"),[84] which abolishes the crime of abuse of office and redesigns the appeal procedures in the first instance initiated by prosecutors against acquittals, as well as the use and dissemination of wiretapping.[85] The bill will then be approved by the Senate on 13 February 2024,[86] and then by the Chamber of Deputies on 10 July.[87]
On 7 August, a change was also made to the crime of Undue Allocation of Money or Movable Property, implemented io replace the abolished abuse of office, together with some minor corrections, in order to allow the promulgation of the previous "Nordio Bill", which had remained suspended until then due to some perplexities of the Presidency of the Republic.[88]
On 18 September 2024, the Chamber of Deputies approves the "Safety Bill" (a modified version of the "safety package" previously approved by the Council of Ministers on 16 November 2023),[89] which regards many subjects: terrorism; scams; protection of law enforcement; banning cannabis (in any form, as well as hemp-containing products); imprisonment (2-7 years) for those who illegally occupy a property; increase in penalties in case of protest (including passive resistance to orders) in prison; the need for a residence permit (for non-EU immigrants) to buy a SIM card; possible imprisonment (1 month if alone, 6 months-2 years if with more people) for those who implement road or railway blockades (even as a protest).[90][91]
Minister of the Interior Matteo Piantedosi confirmed that the rule about blockades can be applied in some strike cases.[92] The bill was heavily criticized by the oppositions, which labelled it as "liberticidal": in particular, the "anti-Salis rule" (named after Ilaria Salis, an AVS MEP accused of illegal occupation in 2008; however, there was only one identification while she was in the plant at that moment, as the ALER has never initiated investigations, nor criminal or civil cases, in 16 years)[93] and the "anti-Gandhi rule" were criticized, the first one because it aggravates the situation of people who have no home to stay, the second one because it could also prevent peaceful protests (as Gandhi did).[94][95][96]
The Lega's request to evaluate the possibility of using chemical castration on those convicted of sexual violence was also accepted (this proposal was also highly criticized).[97]
Party breakdown
[edit]Beginning of term
[edit]Ministers
[edit]10 | |
5 | |
5 | |
5 |
Ministers and other members
[edit]- Brothers of Italy (FdI): prime minister, 9 ministers, 4 deputy ministers, 14 undersecretaries
- League (Lega): 5 ministers, 2 deputy ministers, 9 undersecretaries
- Forza Italia (FI): 5 ministers, 2 deputy ministers, 6 undersecretaries
- Independents: 5 ministers, 1 undersecretary
- Us Moderates (NM): 1 undersecretary
- Renaissance (Rin): 1 undersecretary
Current
[edit]Ministers
[edit]10 | |
5 | |
5 | |
5 |
Ministers and other members
[edit]- Brothers of Italy (FdI): prime minister, 9 ministers, 4 deputy ministers, 13 undersecretaries
- League (Lega): 5 ministers, 2 deputy ministers, 9 undersecretaries
- Forza Italia (FI): 5 ministers, 2 deputy ministers, 6 undersecretaries
- Independents: 5 ministers, 1 undersecretary
- Us Moderates (NM): 1 undersecretary
Geographical breakdown
[edit].svg)
Beginning of term
[edit]- Northern Italy: 15 ministers
- Lombardy: 5 ministers
- Piedmont: 3 ministers
- Veneto: 3 ministers
- Emilia-Romagna: 2 ministers
- Friuli-Venezia Giulia: 1 minister
- Liguria: 1 minister
- Central Italy: 5 ministers (including PM)
- Lazio: 5 ministers (including PM)
- Southern and Insular Italy: 5 ministers
Current
[edit]- Northern Italy: 16 ministers
- Lombardy: 5 ministers
- Piedmont: 3 ministers
- Veneto: 3 ministers
- Emilia-Romagna: 3 ministers
- Friuli-Venezia Giulia: 1 minister
- Liguria: 1 minister
- Central Italy: 6 ministers (including PM)
- Lazio: 6 ministers (including PM)
- Southern and Insular Italy: 3 ministers
Council of Ministers
[edit]Composition
[edit].jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpeg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
- ^ Sangiuliano resigned following a scandal involving Maria Rosaria Boccia, a woman later discovered to be his lover, who the minister tried to hire as a consultant and had free access to secretated documents without permission.
- ^ Foti served only as Minister of European Affairs, Cohesion Policies and NRRP, because Prime Minister Meloni kept for herself the Southern Policies.
- ^ Fitto resigned in order to become European Commissioner for Cohesion and Reforms in the Second Von der Leyen Commission.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Kirby, Paul (21 October 2022). "Italy Meloni: Far-right leader agrees to form government". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ a b Horowitz, Jason (21 October 2022). "Giorgia Meloni Gets Go-Ahead for New Italian Government". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Italy Meloni: Far-right leader agrees to form government". The Local. 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Il governo Meloni giura oggi al Quirinale" [The Meloni government swears today at the Quirinale] (in Italian). RAI. 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022. Updated as of 22 October 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ a b "Nuovo governo, le news. Alle 10 il giuramento di Giorgia Meloni e dei ministri" [New government, the news. At 10 the oath of Giorgia Meloni and the ministers]. Sky TG24 (in Italian). 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022. Updated as of 22 October 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "Tempi di formazione dei governi, da Berlusconi a Conte: i record" [Government formation times, from Berlusconi to Conte: the records]. Sky TG24 (in Italian). 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
- ^ a b Amante, Angelo; Weir, Keith (21 October 2022). "Meloni takes charge as PM as Italy swings to the right". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Presidential palace says Giorgia Meloni forms government, giving Italy first far-right-led coalition since World War II". ABC News. Associated Press. 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Far-right Meloni set to become Italy's first woman PM". France 24. Agence France-Presse. 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Governo, la Lega indica Fontana per la Camera. La Russa eletto in Senato senza l'appoggio di FI". Il Foglio (in Italian). 13 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Far-right veteran elected Italian Senate speaker". France 24. Agence France-Press. 13 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Who is the far-right veteran elected Italian Senate speaker?". The Local Italy. 13 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ Giuffrida, Angela (13 October 2022). "Brothers of Italy politician who collects fascist relics elected senate speaker". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Senato, Ignazio La Russa eletto presidente". Sky TG24 (in Italian). 13 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Chi ha votato La Russa dall'opposizione?". Il Post (in Italian). 13 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ Buconi, Asia (13 October 2022). "Quei 17 franchi tiratori che hanno votato La Russa dall'opposizione". nextQuotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Berlusconi calls Meloni arrogant in written notes in Senate". ANSA. 14 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ Kington, Tom (17 October 2022). "Silvio Berlusconi undercuts Italian coalition by labelling Meloni arrogant". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Outrage as Italy's lower house of parliament elects anti-LGBTQ speaker". The Local Italy. 14 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Italy parliament elects right-wing Fontana as new speaker". Wanted in Rome. 14 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Consultazioni per la formazione del nuovo governo". Quirinale (in Italian). 20 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ Harlan, Chico; Pitrelli, Stefano (21 October 2022). "Meloni sworn in as Italy's first female prime minister". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ "Governo Meloni, ecco il timing: l'incarico, il giuramento, la fiducia e la Legge di Bilancio" [Meloni government, here is the timeline: the assignment, the oath, the trust, and the Budget Law]. Il Messaggero (in Italian). 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ Bongarrà, Francesco (21 October 2022). "Dall'incarico alla manovra, il timing" [From the task to govern to the budget law, the timeline] (in Italian). Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ Cipolla, Alessandro; Imparato, Rosaria (25 October 2022). "Meloni alla Camera, diretta video voto di fiducia al governo: cosa ha detto nella replica la presidente del Consiglio" [Meloni in the Chamber, live video vote of confidence in the government: what the prime minister said in response]. Money (in Italian). Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "Il Senato vota la fiducia al governo Meloni: 115 sì, 79 no e 5 astenuti" [The Senate votes for confidence in the Meloni government: 115 yes, 79 no, and 5 abstentions] (in Italian). Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata. 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "Governo Meloni, le ultime notizie. Fiducia in Senato per l'esecutivo: 115 sì e 79 no" [Meloni government, the latest news. Confidence in the Senate for the executive: 115 yes and 79 no]. Sky TG24 (in Italian). Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ Jakhnagiev, Alexander (25 October 2022). "Meloni alla Camera, l'applauso al suo arrivo e l'abbraccio di Salvini" [Melons in the Chamber, the applause on her arrival and Salvini's hug]. Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
- ^ "Governo, da Iotti a Cristoforetti: le donne che 'hanno osato' citate da Meloni" [Government, from Iotti to Cristoforetti: the women who 'dared' cited by Meloni]. Adnkronos. 25 October 2022. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
- ^ De Rosa, Gianluca. "Meloni citazionista: da Steve Jobs a Giovanni Paolo II, tutti i riferimenti del suo discorso" [Meloni quotationist: from Steve Jobs to John Paul II, all the references of her speech]. Il Foglio (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
- ^ Piccolillo, Virginia (31 October 2022). "I sottosegretari: Sgarbi alla Cultura, alla Difesa Rauti. Ci sono Fazzolari e Borgonzoni I nomi" [Undersecretaries: Sgarbi for Culture, Rauti to the Defense. There are Fazzolari and Borgonzoni The names]. Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ Buj, Anna (1 November 2022). "Galeazzo Bignami: Un político que se disfrazó de nazi entra como viceministro en el Gobierno italiano" [Galeazzo Bignami: A politician who dressed himself as a Nazi enters the Italian Government as deputy minister]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ "Giorgia Meloni appoints minister once pictured wearing Nazi armband". The Guardian. 1 November 2022. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ "Italy's Meloni picks Nazi-armband lawmaker as junior minister". Reuters. 31 October 2022. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ Brezar, Aleksandar (1 November 2022). "Italy: Meloni's deputy minister blasted over 2005 Nazi uniform photo". Euronews. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ "Resoconto stenografico – Seduta di martedì 25 ottobre 2022" [Stenographic report – Session of Tuesday 25 October 2022] (PDF) (in Italian). Chamber of Deputies. 25 October 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "Resoconto stenografico – Seduta di mercoledì 26 ottobre 2022" [Stenographic report – Session of Wednesday 26 October 2022] (in Italian). Senate of the Republic. 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
- ^ "Qual è la nuova questione sull'ergastolo ostativo". Il Post (in Italian). 3 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "Sull'ergastolo ostativo il governo ripropone un testo che Fratelli d'Italia non votò". Pagella Politica (in Italian). 2 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "Governo Meloni, le news. Cdm dà ok a dl unico su Covid, carcere ostativo e Rave party". Sky TG24 (in Italian). 31 October 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ "I primi provvedimenti del governo Meloni". 31 October 2022.
- ^ "Meloni: 'Metteremo mano al tetto al contante, nessuna correlazione con l'evasione'". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 26 October 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ Salvini, Giacomo (2 November 2022). "Per 6 elettori di destra su 10 il tetto al contante farà aumentare il nero". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ "The party's over for illegal raves, Italy's new government says". Reuters. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ "Sapienza, termina l'occupazione ma non la protesta" (in Italian). RAI. 28 September 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ Polver, Mattia (25 October 2022). "Sapienza Roma, scontri e violenze all'esterno dell'ateneo". TAG24 (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "Cariche alla Sapienza, Conte: 'Vedere manganelli contro studenti indifesi fa venire i brividi. Preoccupato da cittadino e professore'". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 25 October 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ Marceca, Romina (27 October 2022). "Manganellate alla Sapienza, la rettrice prende le distanze dalla polizia: 'Hanno agito di loro iniziativa'". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "Predappio, in migliaia al raduno per centenario della Marcia su Roma". Sky TG24 (in Italian). 30 October 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ Cangemi, Annalisa (2 November 2022). "Al raduno dei nostalgici del Ventennio a Predappio 8 persone indagate". Fanpage.it (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ Vizio, Stefano (3 November 2022). "Cosa sono davvero i rave". Il Post (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "Dalla soglia delle 50 persone alla confisca degli impianti, ecco la stretta sui rave party e le possibili modifiche". Il Sole 24 Ore (in Italian). 2 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "Il testo del decreto legge anti rave". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 3 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ Cruccu, Matteo (3 November 2022). "'I rave? Germania e Inghilterra li hanno 'istituzionalizzati' e sono diventati risorsa economica'". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ Boffa, Nadia (1 November 2022). "Meloni party. Primo colpo di democrazia illiberale". HuffPost (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ "Decreto anti-rave, Bianca Balti: 'A quest'ora io sarei dentro con l'ergastolo'". La Stampa (in Italian). 3 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "Decreto anti rave party, da Bianca Balti a Fiorello: reazioni del mondo dello spettacolo". Sky TG24 (in Italian). 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ Vitalba Azzolini [@vitalbaa] (1 November 2022). "Gazzetta Ufficiale. Confermo quanto avevo scritto. Norma insidiosa, scritta male, in teoria applicabile a qualunque raduno che l'autorità pubblica reputi pericoloso a suo giudizio. Giudizio del tutto discrezionale, perché la norma non fornisce criteri per definire la pericolosità" (Tweet). Retrieved 3 November 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^ Caccia, Fabrizio (1 November 2022). "Scontro sul decreto anti rave. Il Pd e i 5 Stelle: ritiratelo. Salvini: 'Indietro non si torna'". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ "Decreto rave party, Conte: 'Norma da stato di polizia'". Adnkronos (in Italian). 1 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ Olivo, Francesco (2 November 2022). "Governo, è lite sui rave party. Forza Italia vuole stoppare Meloni: 'Servono modifiche in Parlamento'". La Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ Cangemi, Annalisa (2 November 2022). "Decreto anti rave party approda in Senato: prime crepe nel governo, Forza Italia vuole cambiarlo". Fanpage.it (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ TG24, Sky (3 November 2022). "Decreto anti-rave, governo e Parlamento verso modifiche". tg24.sky.it (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Rave party, la mediazione di Forza Italia: 'Abbassare le pene a quattro anni'". La Repubblica (in Italian). 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ Montenegro, Ruggiero (3 November 2022). "Forza Italia: 'Correggere la norma anti-rave'. Ma FdI e Lega potrebbero opporsi". Il Foglio (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ Valentini, Valerio (3 November 2022). "Dopo la norma sui rave Nordio è in trincea: 'Faccio il ministro per realizzare le mie idee'". Il Foglio (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ Dell'Anna, Alessio (4 April 2023). "Italy's waging a crusade against lab-grown meat. Does it have a point?". Euronews. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ Sabelli, Chiara (5 April 2023). "Scientists protest Italy's ban on cultivated meat". Nature. doi:10.1038/d43978-023-00050-7. S2CID 257991805. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose (10 August 2023). "Giorgia Meloni risks going the way of Liz Truss if she keeps defying the market". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ "Italy moves to ban lab-grown meat to protect food heritage". BBC News. 29 March 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
- ^ "Carne coltivata: il divieto è legge. Rissa sfiorata tra i deputati di +Europa e il presidente di Coldiretti". MF Milano Finanza (in Italian). 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
- ^ "Italy bans lab-grown meat in nod to farmers". BBC News. 17 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Italy expands its ban on surrogacy to overseas as critics say it targets same-sex couples". Associated Press. 17 October 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Il Senato ha approvato il disegno di legge sull'autonomia differenziata, che ora passerà alla Camera". Il Post (in Italian). 23 January 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ Rainews, Redazione di (19 June 2024). "Autonomia differenziata, che cosa cambia con il ddl Calderoli". RaiNews (in Italian). Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "Da cacicco a icona pop del Pd: la tournée al Nord di De Luca, testimonial contro l'Autonomia nelle Feste dell'Unità". la Repubblica (in Italian). 27 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ TG24, Sky (19 June 2024). "Ddl Autonomia è legge, Lega esulta. Schlein: 'Meloni spacca il Paese'". tg24.sky.it (in Italian). Retrieved 31 July 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Il referendum sull'Autonomia differenziata parte col botto: oltre 300mila firme raccolte. Come si vota". Fanpage (in Italian). 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ Rtv, San Marino (5 July 2024). "Autonomia differenziata, opposizioni unite depositano referendum abrogativo". San Marino Rtv (in Italian). Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "Ok Camera al ddl di ratifica dell'accordo Italia-Albania - Notizie - Ansa.it". Agenzia ANSA (in Italian). 24 January 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
- ^ "L'accordo tra Italia e Albania per la gestione dei migranti soccorsi dalle autorità italiane è stato approvato in via definitiva dal Senato". Il Post (in Italian). 15 February 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
- ^ "Proseguiranno per sei mesi i controlli lungo il confine italo-sloveno | Ministero dell'Interno". www.interno.gov.it (in Italian). Retrieved 7 September 2024.
- ^ "Stop Schengen: controlli al confine prorogati fino a giugno". TriestePrima (in Italian). Retrieved 7 September 2024.
- ^ "Giustizia, il governo approva la riforma e la dedica a Berlusconi". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 15 June 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
- ^ "Comunicato stampa del Consiglio dei Ministri n. 39". www.governo.it (in Italian). 15 June 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
- ^ "Il Senato ha approvato in prima lettura il "ddl Nordio", che cancella il reato di abuso d'ufficio". Il Post (in Italian). 13 February 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
- ^ "La Camera ha approvato in via definitiva il "ddl Nordio", che cancella il reato di abuso d'ufficio". Il Post (in Italian). 10 July 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
- ^ "Cosa c'entrano il Quirinale, il "decreto carceri" e l'abolizione dell'abuso d'ufficio". Il Post (in Italian). 8 August 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
- ^ "Il severo "pacchetto sicurezza" approvato dal governo". Il Post (in Italian). 16 November 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ Ronda, Serenella (18 September 2024). "Il Ddl sicurezza ottiene il via libera alla Camera. Ecco tutte le novità". www.agi.it (in Italian). Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ Perrone, Manuela (18 September 2024). "Sì della Camera al Ddl Sicurezza: dall'alt alla cannabis light alle armi libere per gli agenti". Il Sole 24 ORE (in Italian). Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "MSN". www.msn.com. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ "Ilaria Salis, "Sì, lo confesso: sono stata una militante del movimento di lotta per la casa". E risponde alle accuse di aver occupato un appartamento a Milano". la Repubblica (in Italian). 21 June 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Passa alla Camera la norma anti-dissenso: carcere fino a due anni per chi blocca le strade". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 11 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Cosa prevedono le norme anti-Gandhi e anti-Salis approvate dalla maggioranza". la Repubblica (in Italian). 12 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Dalla norma "anti-Salis" a quella contro le borseggiatrici in metro: cosa c'è nel Ddl Sicurezza". Today (in Italian). Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Ddl sicurezza, la Lega torna alla carica: "Castrazione chimica per le violenze sessuali"". la Repubblica (in Italian). 18 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
| Constituent Assembly (1946–1948) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Legislature I (1948–1953) | ||
| Legislature II (1953–1958) | ||
| Legislature III (1958–1963) | ||
| Legislature IV (1963–1968) | ||
| Legislature V (1968–1972) | ||
| Legislature VI (1972–1976) | ||
| Legislature VII (1976–1979) | ||
| Legislature VIII (1979–1983) | ||
| Legislature IX (1983–1987) | ||
| Legislature X (1987–1992) | ||
| Legislature XI (1992–1994) | ||
| Legislature XII (1994–1996) | ||
| Legislature XIII (1996–2001) | ||
| Legislature XIV (2001–2006) | ||
| Legislature XV (2006–2008) | ||
| Legislature XVI (2008–2013) | ||
| Legislature XVII (2013–2018) | ||
| Legislature XVIII (2018–2022) | ||
| Legislature XIX (2022–present) | ||
 Governments of member states of the European Union | |
|---|---|
Meloni government (2022–present) | ||
|---|---|---|
Prime Minister | | |
Deputy Prime Ministers | ||
Former ministers | ||