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| Mirafra | |
|---|---|
_(12100175043)_(cropped).jpg) | |
| Singing bush lark (Mirafra javanica) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Alaudidae |
| Genus: | Mirafra Horsfield, 1821 |
| Type species | |
| Mirafra javanica Singing bush lark[1] Horsfield, 1821 | |
 | |
| global range of genus[2] | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Mirafra is a genus of lark in the family Alaudidae. Some Mirafra species are called "larks", while others are called "bush larks". They are all found in Africa except for the singing bush lark that is found through South Asia to Australia.
Taxonomy
[edit]The genus Mirafra was introduced in 1821 by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield to accommodate a single species, Mirafra javanica the singing bush lark, which is therefore considered as the type species.[3][4] The derivation of the genus name is unknown.[5]
A 2023 molecular phylogenetic study of the lark family Alaudidae by the Swedish ornithologist Per Alström and his collaborators found that the genus Mirafra contained deep internal genetic divergences. They therefore split Mirafra into four genera, each corresponding to a major clade. Species were moved to Plocealauda, Amirafra and Corypha leaving only seven species remaining in Mirafra.[6][7]
Extant species
[edit]The genus contains seven species:[7]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Mirafra passerina | Monotonous lark | southern Africa. |
| Mirafra pulpa | Friedmann's lark | East Africa. | |
 | Mirafra cordofanica | Kordofan lark | Mauritania and Senegal to Niger, eastern Chad, southern Sudan and northern South Sudan |
| Mirafra williamsi | Williams's lark | northern Kenya | |
| Mirafra javanica | Singing bush lark | Australia and much of Southeast Asia. |
 | Mirafra cheniana | Melodious lark | South Africa (Eastern Cape, the Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, and North West Province), Botswana and Zimbabwe |
 | Mirafra albicauda | White-tailed lark | western Chad, eastern Sudan, northeastern South Sudan, south-central Ethiopia, and from Uganda and western Kenya to central Tanzania |
Former species
[edit]Some authorities, either presently or formerly, recognize several additional species as belonging to the genus Mirafra, including:
- Short-clawed lark (as Mirafra chuana)[8]
- Dusky lark (as Mirafra nigricans)[9]
- Rufous-rumped lark (as Mirafra erythropygia or Mirafra nigricans erythropygia)[10]
- Indian desert finch-lark (as Mirafra phoenicuroides)[11]
- Rufous-tailed lark (as Mirafra phoenicura)[12]
- Madagascan lark (as Mirafra hova)[13]
- Sabota lark (as Mirafra sabota)[14]
- Bradfield's lark (as Mirafra naevia)[15]
- Pink-breasted lark (as Mirafra poecilosterna)[16]
- Foxy lark (as Mirafra alopex)[17]
- Masai fawn-coloured lark (as Mirafra intercedens)[18]
- Fawn-coloured lark (as Mirafra africanoides)[19]
- Karoo lark (as Mirafra albescens or Mirafra nivosa)[20]
- Red lark (as Mirafra burra)[21]
- Dune lark (as Mirafra erythrochlamys)[22]
- Barlow's lark (as Mirafra erythrochlamys barlowi)[23]
- Rudd's lark (as Mirafra ruddi)[24]
- Archer's lark (as Mirafra archeri)[25]
- Sidamo lark (as Mirafra sidamoensis)[26]
- Ngaundere sun lark (as Mirafra strümpelli)[27]
- Uele sun lark (as Mirafra bucolica)[28]
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mirafra.
- ^ "Alaudidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ Based on maps in the Handbook of the Birds of the World and the BirdLife Datazone
- ^ Horsfield, Thomas (1821). "Systematic arrangement and description of birds from the island of Java". Transactions of the Linnean Society. 13 (1): 133–200 [159]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1821.tb00061.x.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 3.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 256. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Alström, P.; Mohammadi, Z.; Enbody, E.D.; Irestedt, M.; Engelbrecht, D.; Crochet, P.-A.; Guillaumet, A.; Rancilhac, L.; Tieleman, B.I.; Olsson, U.; Donald, P.F.; Stervander, M. (2023). "Systematics of the avian family Alaudidae using multilocus and genomic data". Avian Research. 14: 100095. doi:10.1016/j.avrs.2023.100095.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Nicators, Bearded Reedling, larks". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ "Certhilauda chuana - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- ^ "Pinarocorys nigricans - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- ^ "Pinarocorys erythropygia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- ^ "Ammomanes deserti phoenicuroides - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- ^ "Ammomanes phoenicura - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- ^ "Eremopterix hova - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
- ^ "Calendulauda sabota - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda naevia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda poecilosterna - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda alopex - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda intercedens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda africanoides - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda albescens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
- ^ "Calendulauda burra - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- ^ "Calendulauda erythrochlamys - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- ^ "Calendulauda barlowi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- ^ "Heteromirafra ruddi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- ^ "Heteromirafra archeri - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- ^ "Heteromirafra sidamoensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- ^ "Galerida modesta struempelli - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
- ^ "Galerida modesta bucolica - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
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