Mississippi Choctaw Indian Federation

The Mississippi Choctaw Indian Federation was an organization of Choctaws and a former rival governing body of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians.^[1]^[2] They opposed federal tribal recognition because of fears of dominance by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and were never federally recognized.^[1] Nevertheless, they were considered a legitimate parallel government.^[3]^[4]

History

The Federation was formed on September 27, 1934.^[5] Reverend Ed Willis was installed as the first recognized chief.^[5] The group represented 400 Choctaw and had a functioning, written constitution.^[6]

The government disbanded after leaders were moved to another jurisdiction.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Brescia, William (Bill) (1982). "Chapter 3, Treaties and the Choctaw People". Tribal Government, A New Era. Philadelphia, Mississippi: Choctaw Heritage Press. pp. 21–22.
^ McKee, Jesse O. (2008). The Choctaws: Cultural Evolution of a Native American Tribe. University Press of Mississippi. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-60473-170-5.
^ Lowery, Malinda Maynor (2010). Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: race, identity, and the making of a nation. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-8078-7111-9.
^ Osborne, Katherine, M.B. "In the Name of Justice and Fairness:The Mississippi Choctaw Indian Federation vs. the BIA, 1934", in Cobb, Daniel M.,Beyond Red Power:American Indian Politics and Activism Since 1900, 2007, School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico, ISBN 978-1-930618-86-2
^ ^a ^b "Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians". Choctaw Chronology: Part V. Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
^ Hearings on H. R. 7902. Washington, D.C.: United States Congress House Committee on Indian affairs. 1934. p. 373.

[brescia_era-1] Brescia, William (Bill) (1982). "Chapter 3, Treaties and the Choctaw People". Tribal Government, A New Era. Philadelphia, Mississippi: Choctaw Heritage Press. pp. 21–22.

[mckee-2] McKee, Jesse O. (2008). The Choctaws: Cultural Evolution of a Native American Tribe. University Press of Mississippi. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-60473-170-5.

[Lowery-3] Lowery, Malinda Maynor (2010). Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: race, identity, and the making of a nation. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-8078-7111-9.

[4] Osborne, Katherine, M.B. "In the Name of Justice and Fairness:The Mississippi Choctaw Indian Federation vs. the BIA, 1934", in Cobb, Daniel M.,Beyond Red Power:American Indian Politics and Activism Since 1900, 2007, School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico, ISBN 978-1-930618-86-2

[ChoctawChronology-5] "Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians". Choctaw Chronology: Part V. Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Retrieved 2 August 2011.

[HORHearing-6] Hearings on H. R. 7902. Washington, D.C.: United States Congress House Committee on Indian affairs. 1934. p. 373.

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