French
DeutschModern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic
| Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Israel, Palestine, Lebanon |
| Region | North and Central Israel, Southern Lebanon |
| Ethnicity | Old Yishuv and Israeli-Jewish Descendants |
Native speakers | ≤5 [a] |
Afro-Asiatic
| |
| Dialects | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic (MPJA) is a variety of Arabic that was spoken by some Jews in Ottoman Palestine, and currently by some Israeli Jews in Israel.
It was once spoken by around 10,000 speakers in the 20th century.[1] Today it is nearly extinct with only 5 speakers remaining in Northern Israel.
MJPA's decline is attributed to the revival of Hebrew and the proliferation of the Hebrew among the Yishuv.[2]
History
[edit]Origins
[edit]Maghrebi Jews began arriving in Ottoman Palestine in the 16th century, settling especially in the cities of Jerusalem, Safed, and Tiberias. Over time, MPJA formed out of a conglomerate of Maghrebi Jewish dialects and Palestinian non-Jewish dialects. In addition to the Jewish communities of Ottoman Palestine, many Jews of coastal Lebanese cities, with whom they maintained strong relations, adopted a version of MJPA.[2]
Modern History
[edit]Presumably, the number of MPJA speakers in the first third of the 20th century reached several thousand and possibly more than ten thousand at its peak. However, as Hebrew became the dominant language of the Yishuv, and later, the State of Israel, the population sharply declined. the number of MPJA speakers at the end of the 20th century was still more than one hundred in its Galilean and Jerusalem branches.[2] However, as of 2016, there is estimated to be only 5 speakers remaining in the Galilee.[1]
Dialects
[edit]MPJA is divided into two subgroups based on where it was spoken: Galilean MPJA and Jerusalem MPJA. The Galilean has two subdialects in the cities of Safed and Tiberias.[2]
Lexicon
[edit]MPJA lexicon contains several influences from its Maghrebi origins as well as Hebrew, Ladino, and Aramaic terms for several specifically jewish terms. starting in 1936 as Hebrew became ever more prevalent among the Old Yishuv Hebrew loanwords became more prevalent and older Hebrew loanwords phonetically reverted to their original Hebrew pronunciation. By 1948 Hebrew loanwords had completely reverted and Hebrew loans became more prevalent.[2]
Notes
[edit]- ^ as of 2016
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Judeo-Arabic". Jewish Languages. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
- ^ a b c d e Hary, Benjamin; Benor, Sarah Bunin (2018). "Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present". Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present. 112. De Gruyter: 570–578. ISBN 978-1-5015-1298-8 – via Academia.edu.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 | This article related to the Arabic language is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |